Dublin2016 reflection
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Reflection and self-assessment are important for lifelong learning. Portfolios encourage reflection by allowing learners to examine their work and receive feedback over time. This helps learners set goals and identify areas for future growth. Effective reflection involves describing experiences, analyzing them, and considering how to apply lessons learned to improve practice. Digital tools like blogs and digital storytelling can support reflection by allowing learners to document their learning journey and make connections through narrative.
Dublin2016 reflection
- 1. Know Thyself: Reflection and Self- Assessment in ePortfolios to Support Lifelong Learning Dr. Helen Barrett University of Alaska Anchorage (retired) Researcher & Consultant https://sites.google.com/site/dublineportfolio s/
- 2. Key Concepts Portfolios for Lifelong Learning Identity Development & Online Professional Branding Metacognition & Reflection Digital Storytelling & Reflection Technology Tools & Apps
- 3. Personal Learning Environment Supports Self-Directed Learning
- 4. Portfolios provide Encouragement for Reflection 1. …provides both the discipline and the freedom of structure, allowing one to see one's own work. (Sonnet) 2. …provides the opportunity to assess one's own strengths and weaknesses through examination of a collection of samples, as well as to get feedback on one's performance from others. (Mirror) 3. …the process of self assessment leads one to setting goals for future development and professional growth. (Map) (Mary Diez, 1994)
- 5. Lifelong Learner Four key pillars of Lifelong Learning (Barbara Stäuble, Curtin University of Technology, Australia)
- 6. Knowing the learner (Self-awareness) Understanding prior knowledge Motivation for and attitudes toward learning Help learners understand themselves See their growth over time
- 7. Evaluating learning (Self monitoring) Systematic analysis of learners’ performance Responsibility to construct meaning Be reflective & think critically Learners construct meaning, monitor learning, evaluate own outcomes
- 8. Understanding how to learn (Meta-learning) Awareness of learners to different approaches to learning Deep vs. Surface Learning, Rote vs. Meaningful Learning Different Learning Styles Help learners recognize success Accommodate approaches that are not successful
- 9. Planning for learning (Self management) Setting goals Develop a plan to achieve these goals
- 10. Assessment for Learning Continuum - Enhanced Stefanakis, Evangeline (2002) Multiple Intelligences and Portfolios. Portsmouth: Heinemann, p. 136
- 11. What is Reflection? Major theoretical roots: ◦ Dewey ◦ Habermas ◦ Kolb ◦ Schön Dewey: “We do not learn from experience…we learn from reflecting on experience.”
- 12. Resource on Biology of Learning Enriching the Practice of Teaching by Exploring the Biology of Learning James E. Zull Stylus Publishing Co.
- 13. The Learning Cycle David Kolb from Dewey, Piaget, Lewin Deep Learning (learning for real comprehension) comes from a sequence of ◦ Experience ◦ Reflection ◦ Abstraction ◦ Active testing Zull: the learning cycle arises naturally from the structure of the brain (p.19)
- 14. The Learning Cycle David Kolb from Dewey, Piaget, Lewin, adapted by Zull
- 15. Experiential Learning Model Lewin/Kolb with adaptations by Moon and Zull Try out what you have learned Learn from the experience Reflect on the experience Have an experience Practice Reflect
- 16. Reflection and Emotion James Zull Even if we experience something that has happened to us before, it is hard to make meaning of it unless it engages our emotions. (p.166) Reflection is a search for connections. (p. 167) Sleep researchers postulate that dreams help us make connections…We discover what is important to us, because we dream about what matters most. (p.168) For comprehension we need time. (p.168)
- 17. Reflection and Emotion James Zull “Even if we were able to decrease our emphasis on speed and information and increase the possibilities for reflection, we still would have to give our students the kind of experience that would produce dreams-- experiences that engage their emotions.” (p.168) “…our experiences must matter in our lives if we are to learn from them.” (p.168) “…it suggests how seriously we have to take emotion if we want to foster deep learning.” (p. 169)
- 18. Stories and Learning James Zull Roger Shank: importance of stories in learning Recalling and creating stories are part of learning Stories engage all parts of the brain Learning is deepest when it engages the most parts of the brain Teachers and students should: ◦ Tell stories ◦ Create stories ◦ Repeat stories
- 19. Jennifer Moon’s Definition Reflection is a form of mental processing – like a form of thinking – that we use to fulfill a purpose or to achieve some anticipated outcome. It is applied to relatively complicated or unstructured ideas for which there is not an obvious solution and is largely based on the further processing of knowledge and understanding and possibly emotions that we already possess (based on Moon 1999)
- 20. Moon on Reflection One of the defining characteristics of surface learning is that it does not involve reflection (p.123) Conditions for Reflection: ◦ Time and space ◦ Good facilitator ◦ Curricular or institutional environment ◦ Emotionally supportive environment
- 21. Moon’s Qualities of Tasks that Encourage Reflection Ill-structured, ‘messy’ or real-life situations Asking the ‘right’ kinds of questions – no clear-cut answers Setting challenges can promote reflection Tasks that challenge learners to integrate new learning into previous learning Tasks that demand the ordering of thoughts pp.175-6
- 22. Rubric & Reflection Prompts IUPUI English Reflection Prompts: https://sites.google.com/site/dublin eportfolios/eportfolios/iupui- english-reflection-prompts ePortfolio Thinking Rubric: https://sites.google.com/site/dublin eportfolios/eportfolios/eportfolio- thinking-rubric
- 23. Helping Students to Reflect Provide models and examples Begin with forms or prompts Move to journals/blogs Be careful that reflection in portfolios doesn’t become an exercise in filling in the blanks on a web-based form.
- 24. Reflective Questions that tie the Past to the Future
- 25. 1. Select • What evidence is required? • Do you want or need to include any additional artifacts or evidence? • What standards are you addressing? 2. Describe • Who? • What? • When? • Where? 3. Analyze • Why? • How? 4. Appraise • Interpret events • Determine impact • Determine effectiveness • Determine the relationship to goals, values, philosophy 5. Transform • Utilize the information and data • Apply to teaching practice • Develop new goals and strategies based on the data North Carolina Reflection Cycle Self- Assessmen t: The Reflective Practitioner http://www.ncpublicschools.org/pbl/pbl reflect.htm
- 26. Writing a Reflection - 1 http://www.ncpublicschools.org/pbl/pblreflect.htm 1. Select: What evidence/artifacts have you included? 2. Describe: This step involves a description of the circumstances, situation or issues related to the evidence or artifact. Four "W" questions are usually addressed: ◦ Who was involved? ◦ What were the circumstances, concerns, or issues? ◦ When did the event occur? ◦ Where did the event occur?
- 27. Writing a Reflection - 2 http://www.ncpublicschools.org/pbl/pblreflect.htm 3. Analyze: "digging deeper." • "Why" of the evidence or artifact • "How" of its relationship to teaching practice 4. Appraise: In the previous three steps, you have described and analyzed an experience, a piece of evidence, or an activity. The actual self- assessment occurs at this stage as you interpret the activity or evidence and evaluate its appropriateness and impact. 5. Transform:This step holds the greatest opportunity for growth as you use the insights gained from reflection in improving and transforming your practice.
- 28. Gibbs Model for Reflection
- 29. Peter Pappas’ Model Based on Bloom’s Taxonomy http://www.peterpapp as.com/2010/01/taxo nomy-reflection- critical-thinking- students-teachers- principals-.html
- 30. Detailed Model: Metacognition Planning •What is the nature of my task? •What is my goal? •What info/strategies do I need? Evaluation •Have I reached my goal? •What worked/did not work? •What would I do differently? Monitoring •Do I understand what I’m doing? •Am I reaching my goals? •Do I need to make changes? Kaplan, et.al, eds (2013) Using Reflection and Metacognition to Improve Student Learning. Sterling, VA: Stylus , p. 128 Adapted from Schraw (2001)
- 31. Handout
- 33. Creating Reflection Prompts Go to resource site: https://sites.google.com/site/reflection4learn ing/ or http://electronicportfolios.org/reflection.html Think/Pair/Share: Write up a reflection prompt for your students after clarifying: ◦ What is the learning context for the student reflection? (Course/Subject/Objective) ◦ Where in the learning process? – Before (goal-setting) – During (documenting process) – After (metacognition)
- 34. Digital Tools for Reflection Blogging and Digital Storytelling
- 35. What is a blog? Abbreviation for “web log” which is an online journal organized in reverse chronological order…the most recent entry on top Very popular with adolescent girls Free, open source and commercial tools available
- 37. Portfolio as Story "A portfolio tells a story. It is the story of knowing. Knowing about things... Knowing oneself... Knowing an audience... Portfolios are students' own stories of what they know, why they believe they know it, and why others should be of the same opinion.” (Paulson & Paulson, 1991, p.2)
- 38. Reflection = Storytelling The “Heart and Soul” of a Portfolio Reflection in portfolios helps learners construct meaning. “What?” “So What?” “Now What?”
- 40. “metacognition lies at the root of all learning” “…self-knowledge, awareness of how and why we think as we do, and the ability to adapt and learn, are critical to our survival as individuals…” - James Zull (2011) From Brain to Mind: Using Neuroscience to Guide Change in Education
- 41. Storytelling as Reflection (Schön, 1988) “…for storytelling is the mode of description best suited to transformation in new situations of action.” “Stories are products of reflection, but we do not usually hold onto them long enough to make them objects of reflection in their own right.”
- 42. Roger Schank, Tell Me a Story “Telling stories and listening to other people's stories shape the memories we have of our experiences.” Stories help us organize our experience and define our sense of ourselves.
- 43. Storytelling as a Theory of Learning Two educators from New Zealand - staff developer and health educator Relates storytelling to literature on learning and reflection Provides stages of storytelling related to reflection
- 44. Links between Learning and Storytelling Map of Learning (Moon, 1999) Learning through Storytelling (McDrury & Alterio, 2003) •Noticing •Making sense •Making meaning •Working with meaning •Transformative learning •Story finding •Story telling •Story expanding •Story processing •Story reconstructing McDrury, J., Alterio, M. (2003) Learning through Storytelling in Higher Education. London: Kogan-Page, p.47
- 45. Reflective Process and Storytelling First stage: inner discomfort or surprise – “something” makes the experience memorable Second stage: events examined in detail – stories are shared, dialogue is formed Third stage: relates to outcomes – decision to change or gain knowledge through reflection McDrury, J., Alterio, M. (2003) Learning through Storytelling in Higher Education. London: Kogan-Page, p.110-1
- 46. Storytelling = Narrative Inquiry Mattingly in Schön (1991) Aristotle: narrative – natural framework for representing world of action Everyday sense-making role of storytelling Stories reveal the way ideas look in action Narrative provides explanation Motivation for telling stories: to wrest meaning from experiences
- 47. Story = Unpretentious Narrative Clandinin & Connelly in Schön (1991) A fundamental method of personal growth Reflection: preparation for the future Deliberation: past considerations
- 48. Storytelling as Reflection (Schön, 1988) “…for storytelling is the mode of description best suited to transformation in new situations of action.”
- 49. Storytelling as Reflection (Schön, 1988) “Stories are products of reflection, but we do not usually hold onto them long enough to make them objects of reflection in their own right.”
- 51. Digital Storytelling Process Learners create a 2-4 minute digital video clip ◦ First person narrative ◦ Told in their own voice ◦ Illustrated by (mostly) still images ◦ Music track to add emotional tone
- 52. Center for Digital Storytelling http://www.storycenter.org
- 53. Why include Digital Storytelling in ePortfolios? Learner Motivation and Affect Brain Research on Emotion in Learning
- 54. Constructivist Approach to Project- Based "Assessment-as-Learning"
- 55. Learner Ownership and Engagement with Portfolio The tools should allow the learner to feel in control of the process, including the "look and feel" of the portfolio.
- 56. Voice = Authenticity multimedia expands the "voice" in an electronic portfolio (both literally and rhetorically) personality of the author is evident gives the reflections a uniqueness gives the feeling that the writer is talking directly to the reader/viewer
- 57. Digital Paper or Digital Story? If your e-portfolios are just digital paper (text and images on the screen) you are losing a wonderful opportunity to really tell your story in your own voice. With the capability to add multimedia, audio and video, we can truly create an engaging environment to document the milestones of our lives.
- 58. A Graduate Student’s Letter to a Former Teacher Maybe you are a graduate student reflecting on what is drawing you into teaching (while displaying your photo portfolio) Play ”Coming Full Circle“
- 59. Norm’s Letter to a Teacher http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UaL9PV04dlk
- 61. Process to develop digital stories 1. Script development: write the story, often with a group called a story circle to provide feedback and story development ideas 2. Record the author reading the story (audio recording and editing) 3. Capture and process the images to further illustrate the story (image scanning and editing) 4. Combine audio and images (and any additional video) onto a timeline, add music track (video editing) 5. Present or publish finished version of
- 62. Digital Storytelling Tools Desktop Computers ◦ Windows ◦ Mac Mobile Devices ◦ Apple ◦ Android Online Tools ◦ YouTube Editor ◦ WeVideo
- 63. Tools Macintosh Write script: any word processor Record Audio: Audacity /GarageBand Edit images: iPhoto Edit video: iMovie Windows Any word procssor Audacity Picasa3 MovieMaker2 PhotoStory3 http://electronicportfolios.org/digistory/tools.html Web 2.0 GoogleDocs Myna (Aviary) recordmp3.org Aviary Tools (image editors) Animoto, VoiceThread, YouTube, Stupeflix, WeVideo GoogleDocs AudioBoo, Voice Memos Adobe PS Express, PhotoEditor HD, TouchUp Storyrobe, ReelDirector iMovie, Splice, Avid Studio iOS
- 64. Video Editing on iOS iMovie $4.99 ReelDirector $3.99Splice $1.99 $.99 Avid Studio $4.99 Explain Everything $2.99
- 65. Video Editing on Android VidTrim – Video Trimmer Magisto – Magical Video AndroVid Video Trimmer mVideoCut – video editor in the cloudAndroid StudioMovie Editor Story Creator Movie Studio Video Toolbox Video Film Maker Clesh Video Editor Video Maker Pro AndroMedia Video Editor
- 67. My own story …or you are reaching another transition and decision point in a long career, reflecting on the milestones in your life Play "choices"
- 68. My Portfolio & Choices http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHMUwdUCXiM
- 70. What’s Your Story? We all have a story to add to our portfolios. These digital stories provide opportunities for a richness not possible in print. Some stories will represent the fresh innocence of youth, some will reflect the experiences of a rich life. The audiences might be worldwide, like the BBC Wales, but most likely the audiences will be small and intimate.
- 71. 71 Reflection & Relationships … the “Heart and Soul” of an e-portfolio… NOT the Technology! A Reminder…
- 72. 72 My Final Wish… E-portfolios become dynamic celebrations & stories of deep learning across the lifespan. Thank You!
- 73. DR. HELEN BARRETT Researcher & Consultant Electronic Portfolios & Digital Storytelling for Lifelong and Life Wide Learning Founding Faculty, REAL* ePortfolio Academy for K-12 Teachers *Reflection, Engagement, Assessment for Learning [email protected] http://electronicportfolios.org/ Twitter: @eportfolios http://slideshare.net/eportfolios