Dynamic Web
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The document discusses the history and evolution of the World Wide Web from its inception in the late 1980s to present day. It outlines key milestones like the creation of HTTP, HTML, the first web browser in 1991. It then describes how the web grew from static informational sites to dynamic platforms that could support real-time content updates and user-generated content. The trends of more content from diverse sources and a shift from static to dynamic websites that can be easily updated are discussed as factors that necessitated the development of dynamic websites.
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Dynamic Web
- 1. The Dynamic Web and why we need it
- 2. History of the WWW โข To understand why there became a need for dynamic websites it helps to know a bit about the evolution of the World Wide Web...
- 3. History of the WWW โข The Internet as we know it today was not so much a single invention, but the culmination of many different technologies and ๏ฌelds of research. โข We might categorise some of these as: โข The physical (network infrastructure) โข The logical (information organisation and transport) โข The representatioal (how we represent the data - usually visual) โข The interactive (how we interact with the data - interfaces)
- 4. 1958 โข US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) created. โข Early research included the development of robust networking technologies for connecting remote military assets.
- 5. Packet Switching Vs Circut Switching http://www.iekucukcay.com/?p=60
- 6. 1969 โข The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET), was the world's ๏ฌrst operational packet switching network and the core network of a set that came to compose the global Internet.
- 7. 1988 โข US National Science Foundation (NSF) commissioned the construction of the NSFNET, a university network backbone. โข NSFNET was decommissioned in 1995 when it was replaced by new backbone networks operated by commercial Internet Service Providers
- 8. US Internet backbone networks (colours represent different ISPs) http://source-report.com/internetbackbone/internetbackbone_20.htm
- 9. 1989 - 1990 โข Tim Berners-Lee, while working CERN invents the World Wide Web in a proposal for an information management system that presented data in a common and consistent way. โข He creates the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), the HyperText Markup Language (HTML), the ๏ฌrst Web browser and the ๏ฌrst HTTP server software
- 10. 6 August 1991 โข First website goes online. โข It de๏ฌnes De๏ฌnes the WorldWideWeb as โa wide-area hypermedia information retrieval initiative aiming to give universal access to a large universe of documents.โ โข Makes no mention of anything we might associate with visual interface design.
- 11. An archived copy of the ๏ฌrst webpage http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
- 12. 1992 - 1995 โข early adopters of the World Wide Web were primarily university-based scienti๏ฌc departments or research laboratories โข A turning point was the introduction of Mosiac - a graphical browser released in 1993
- 13. โข Mosaic was the ๏ฌrst web browser to display images inline with text (this was seen as a huge leap forward at the time)
- 14. 1992 - 1995 โข Bandwidth was limited by the network technologies. โข Web began to grow from a few hundred web pages. โข Any sense of web design was severely limited by these constraints โข but, there is a clear trend towards a more visual, more accessible web
- 15. Web organisation โข In 1993, CERN agrees that anyone can use the web protocol and code royalty-free โข In 1994, Tim Berners-Lee founds the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) - the main international standards organization for the WWW
- 16. 1995 - 1998 โข Commercial interest in capitalising on the growth of the web (eCommerce) โข Increased commercial investment pushed the technology to a point where there was a legitimate role for web designers. โข Early examples of User Created Content (UCC) - e.g. GeoCities
- 17. 1995 - 1998 Browser wars (Netscape vs Internet Explorer) โข Feature โarms raceโ โข Tables and frames for more complex layouts โข Animated gifs โข Javascript (button rollovers etc) โข ...
- 18. 1995 - 1998 โข Trend towards advertising a โweb presenceโ rather than offering useful content or services. โข This lead to websites which were stuffed full of attention seeking โbells and whistlesโ whether they served a purpose or not โข Splash pages โข Tiled background images โข Crazy background and text colour combinations โข Animated gifs/๏ฌash โข Blinking/scrolling/marching ants etc. text effects โข http://www.htmlprimer.com/articles/90s-web-design-nostalgic-look-back โข http://www.webpagesthatsuck.com/gorgeous-websites-from-the-late-90s- to-inspire-you-if-you-have-no-taste.html โข More often than not this approach distracted from the content and made it less accessible
- 20. 1998 - 2000 โข โTraditionalโ interface design principles start to be seriously applied to web site designs. โข Web development tools like Dreamweaver promote a more โvisualโ approach/work๏ฌow to web-interface design. โข Content is becoming more important and web-design begins to focus on servicing that content โข But... presentation and content are still combined โspeci๏ฌed within html markup. It is not possible to update one independent of the other. โข Website layouts of this period still look square, based mostly on HTML tables (an abuse of their intended use) and sliced images.
- 21. 1998 - 2000 "A ย List ย Apart" ย website ย c. ย 1998
- 22. 1999โ2001: "Dot-com" boom and bust โข Everyone wanted to jump on the dot-com bandwagon at the end of the 20th Century. โข A lot of money was thrown at entrepreneurs without solid business plans because of the novelty of the dot- com concept, leading to the tech bubble and subsequent bust.
- 23. 2000 - 2004 โข High-speed Internet connectivity becomes more affordable โข Push towards web standards, headed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) โข Continuing trend of more content, more often. โข Separation of presentation and content allowing each to be updated independent of the other. โข Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) for presentation โข HTML for content โข Move away from static web pages towards dynamic web sites. (more on this later)
- 24. 2000 - 2004 h"p://csszengarden.com/
- 25. 2004 โ 2007 โข Web 2.0 era โข Web applications vs websites โข Highly dynamic โข Community oriented โข User-contributed multi-media content (lots of it!) โข Interactivity and functionality approaching native desktop applications โข Social networking takes off โข Purchasing goods and services online via sites like eBay and Amazon becomes mainstream to the point where it threatens traditional retailers.
- 27. 2008 onwards โข (almost) real-time content updates โข Trend for content to โ๏ฌndโ users (rss feed subscriptions, twitter updates etc) โข Storing personal data โin the cloudโ โข Content โmash-upsโ โข Embedded widgets, feeds, services etc using external APIs โข Design for multiple devices (especially mobile)
- 29. So what are the trends? โข More content โข More frequently (up-to-date and on- demand) โข From more sources (crowd sourcing, mashups etc) โข Moving away from a static web towards a dynamic web.
- 30. So what are the trends? โข More contributors. As a web designer you need to at least have an understanding of all these areas and how they ๏ฌt together.
- 31. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) โข HTTP functions as a request-response protocol in the client-server computing model. โข In the most common example the web browser is the client and an application running on a computer hosting a web site is the server. โข The client submits an HTTP request message to the server. โข The server returns a response message to the client containing completion status information about the request and may also contain requested content in its message body.
- 32. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- 33. Static vs Dynamic Website
- 34. Static website โข each logical page is represented by a physical ๏ฌle on the web server
- 35. Advantages of static websites โข Lower entry barrier for development (just plain old html and css ๏ฌles). โข Simple hosting requirements โข Easily cacheable โข Can be viewed โof๏ฌineโ
- 36. Disadvantages of static websites โข Much less scope for personalisation, interactivity - any scripting has to be done client-side. โข Every little change/update needs to be done manually...
- 37. Some stats โข 24 hours of video is uploaded to YouTube every minute. (source) โข More than 30 billion pieces of content (web links, news stories, blog posts, notes, photo albums, etc.) shared each month in over 70 languages. (source) โข 50 million tweets are sent per day. (source)
- 38. Disadvantages of static websites โข Can you even fathom updating this much content by hand? And these numbers are growing at an exponential rate. โข Fortunately computers are very good at automating repetitive tasks in a dynamic way.
- 39. Dynamic website โข Website content is stored in a database (and/or other external sources) and assembled with markup and output by a web server script or application.
- 40. Advantages of dynamic website โข Content can be updated in a decentralised way. (a single โwebmasterโ does not have the sole privilege/responsibility of updating the website) โข Modularisation and reuse of common code (e.g. headers, menus). โข Automation
- 41. Disadvantages of dynamic website โข Higher entry barrier / learning curve for development โข More complex web server requirements โข Issues with pages being indexed by search engines. โข Overall the bene๏ฌts will almost always outweigh the disadvantages.