Earth Observation Systems Evolution- Thales Alenia Space at Paris Air Show 2013
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This document discusses the evolution of Earth observation systems from early missions like ERS-1 and ENVISAT to current and future systems like Copernicus Sentinel-1 and COSMO-SkyMed. It outlines key missions from 1991 to present and describes technologies and capabilities of new radar satellites including Sentinel-1, which provides global coverage every 12 days, and COSMO-SkyMed, which uses synthetic aperture radar for applications like monitoring flooding, pollution, and landslides. The document also discusses future directions including digital beamforming, dual-antenna interferometry, and developing sub-meter resolution multimode SAR instruments.
Earth Observation Systems Evolution- Thales Alenia Space at Paris Air Show 2013
- 1. Earth Observation Systems Evolution from ERS & ENVISATI to GMES. Road-Map towards 3rd Generation RADAR Observation Systems OPEN
- 2. 2003: MARS EXPRESS 2003: MARS EXPRESS 1991: ERS-1 1995: ERS-2 1991: ERS-1 1995: ERS-2 1994: April SRL-1 October SRL-2 1994: April SRL-1 October SRL-2 1997: CASSINI1997: CASSINI 2000: SRTM2000: SRTM 2002: ENVISAT2002: ENVISAT 2005: MRO2005: MRO 2007: COSMO-SkyMed2007: COSMO-SkyMed Thales Alenia Space: 30 years Excellence in Space Radars 2013: KOMPSAT 2013: KOMPSAT
- 3. 27 July 1991 27 July 1991 7 March 2000 7 March 2000 45200 orbits 45200 orbits 1.4 million SAR scenes 1.4 million SAR scenes 3500 scientists using the data 3500 scientists using the data A major EO milestone: ERS-1 & SAR Interferometry ERS-1 differential interferometry reaches the cm precision («Bonn experiment») Demonstration with Landers earthquake A major EO milestone: ERS-1 & SAR Interferometry ERS-1 differential interferometry reaches the cm precision («Bonn experiment») Demonstration with Landers earthquake ERS 1&2 (1991-2000): an European Success
- 4. Arctic 2007 Hurricane Katrina B-15A iceberg Bam earthquake Ozone hole 2003 Global air pollution Prestige tanker oil slick Dec 02 Validation Workshop Nov 03 MERIS Workshop Calibration Review Sep 02 First images Mar 02 Launch ~2200 scientific projects Sep 04 Envisat Symposium Salzburg (A) Sep 05 MERIS (A)ATSR W orkshop Dec 03 InSAR Workshop Chlorophyll concentration Dec 05 InSAR W orkshop Mar 06 Altim etry Conference + several GMES pre-operational projects May 06 Atm ospheric Science Conference Envisat Symposium Montreux (CH) Apr 07 CO2 map Dec 07 InSAR W orkshop C-Band Advanced SAR H/V polarisation capability active antenna array C-Band Advanced SAR H/V polarisation capability active antenna array ENVISAT (2002-2011): from System to Services
- 5. Coastal Real-time Ocean Ice Monitoring Northern View Risk fire & flood Forest Monitoring Soil & Water Land Motion Risks Urban Services Humanitarian Aid AtmosphereFood Security COPERNICUS: The Service Portfolio from ENVISAT experience
- 6. 4 nominal operation modes: • stripmap (80km swath, res 10x10m) • interferometric wide swath (250km swath,res 20x20m) • extra wide swath (400km swath, 50x50 m res.) • wave (20x20 m res.) 2300 Kg spacecraft mass Sun synchronous orbit at 693 • 12 days repeat cycle • 7/12 years design/consumables life time Sentinel-1A: launch 2014 Sentinel-1A: launch 2014 Sentinel-1B: foreseen 2015 Sentinel-1B: foreseen 2015 Sentinel-1 C&D:TBD Sentinel-1 C&D:TBD Applications: • monitoring sea ice zones and the arctic environment • surveillance of marine environment • monitoring land surface motion risks • mapping in support of humanitarian aid in Applications: • monitoring sea ice zones and the arctic environment • surveillance of marine environment • monitoring land surface motion risks • mapping in support of humanitarian aid in crisis situations Ref.: 19/06/13 COPERNICUS Sentinel-1 First Generation
- 7. 12.3 m 21 m Deployed Configuration 3.4 m 2.2 m Stowed Configuration OPEN COPERNICUS Sentinel-1 Satellite
- 8. Sentinel-1 has one main operational mode (Interferometric Wide Swath mode) that: • A complete global coverage within 12 days • Preserve Revisit time performance on “high priority” areas (Maritime transport zones and European coast) • Satisfies most currently known service requirements • Avoids conflicts and preserves revisit performance • Provides robustness and reliability of service • Simplifies mission planning & decreases operational costs • Satisfies also tomorrow’s requests by building up a consistent long-term archive In Addition •Mutually exclusive modes are provided for continuity reasons (w.r.t. ERS & Envisat) and for accommodation of emerging user requirements •Two mutually exclusive dual polarisation modes are provided 19/06/13 Ref.: COPERNICUS Sentinel-1 Operational Concept
- 9. OPEN 19/06/13 Ref.: COPERNICUS Sentinel-1 Satellite MissionParameter EWS IWS SM WV Azimuth ResolutionAzimuth Resolution < 40 m< 40 m < 20 m< 20 m < 5 m< 5 m < 5 m< 5 m Ground RangeGround Range ResolutionResolution < 20 m< 20 m < 5 m< 5 m < 5 m< 5 m < 5 m< 5 m SwathSwath > 400 km> 400 km > 250 km> 250 km > 80 km> 80 km 20 x 20 km20 x 20 km
- 10. 19/06/13 Ref.: S-1A Satellite Complete earth coverage within 12 days At least one access for each point 70% of the globe after 6 days Maximum revisit time 12 days Average revisit time 8.4 days S-1A + S-1B Satellites Constellation Complete earth coverage after 6 days All points are acquired twice within one orbit cycle Maximum revisit time 6 days Average revisit time 4.2 days IWS mode on the earth surface and Maritime Transport zones up to 25 minutes per orbit WAVE on open oceans up to 59 minutes per orbit OPEN COPERNICUS Sentinel-1 Satellite Scenario Performance
- 11. The Result of the largest Italian investment in Earth Observation that has required more than ten years and about one thousand people working at all levelsFirst and only “DUAL” system, built with state-of-the-art space technologies, capable of both Civil and Scientific usage and Military Operational exploitation Thales Alenia Space have designed and built both Satellites and System, with the active Telespazio support for the whole Ground Segment Contracted by Italian Space Agency and Ministry of Defence and built with no cost variations during the whole development and deployment life cycle COSMO-SkyMed COSMO SkyMed E2E System
- 13. 19/06/13 Ref.: OPEN The CSG Satellite: PRIMA fourth generation
- 14. 19/06/13 Ref.: • Flooding • Pollution • Earthquakes • Landslides • Vulcans • Fire Damages COSMO-SkyMed Main Applications
- 15. DTED-4 Hawaii (2012) – COSMO-1 Satellite / 16 days double passes SCS_A co-registration DTED4_D High Resolution INTERFEROMETRY
- 16. 19/06/13 Ref.: Spaceborne RADAR’s for Earth observation have shown an increasing and constant growth in the past 5 years with the deployment of many important assets (e.g. RADARSAT-2, TerraSAR-X, ALOS-PALSAR, and the constellation of COSMO-SkyMed). OPEN On this track, new and more challenging programs are reaching, these days, the development phases like the COSMO-SkyMed second generation. Terrasar-X Radarsat Cosmo Skymed In parallel, research is on-going for the next generations of high performance multi-mode SAR. The main innovative characteristics are in the fields of: very high resolution; high resolution wideswath multipolarization operation; multi antenna interferometric systems also exploiting higher frequencies like Ka-band. Innovative concepts are the base to anticipate new market needs and to support the development of the new products in the mid/long term period Objectives & Goals
- 17. 19/06/13 Ref.: Innovative concepts Digital Beam Forming Dual antenna interferometer in Ka-band Ocean Surveillance Very sub-metric Class Multimode SAR New developments COSMO SkyMed Second Generation Compact SAR OPEN Road-Map to next Generation SAR Instruments
- 18. 19/06/13 Ref.: High resolution and wide swath coverage are contradicting requirements in SAR system design On the other hand, many applications may profit of both high resolution and wide swath, e.g. regular land use, vegetation mapping, marine observation, monitoring of Arctic sea ice, as well as differential interferometry Digital Beam Forming can be the solution: separate transmit aperture to illuminate a large footprint on the ground received signals of each sub-aperture are separately amplified, down-converted and digitized OPEN SAR & Digital Beam Forming
- 19. 19/06/13Ref.: TAS-I is working at analysing the possibility to develop a Single Satellite Interferometric mission in Ka- band. The use of the Ka-band allows achieving good height information by maintaining a short baseline between the two antennas, which can be embarked in a single satellite. The selected configuration is such to provided both measurements in Along-track and Across-track direction Main applications for the Ka-band are: High resolution DEM generation Disaster monitoring Urban areas monitoring Oil spill Ship detection and identification OPEN Multi-antenna SAR Interferometry in Ka Band
- 20. 19/06/13Ref.: Imaging sensors (SAR) Imaged areas and resolutions programmable (10-500Km swath @ 1 – 30 m resolution) Exploitation technique Wide swath: Ship positions (lat, long), Ship size indication High resolution: Ship size, Ship type indication from shape analysis and wake characteristics, Heading & Speed (from wake displacement and data exploitation (phase processing) Pre-operative stage in ATR tools supported by many experimental projects (EC, Canada, Australia, Norway, China, etc.) Sub-surface structures Small boats & wakes OPEN Ocean Surveillance
- 21. 19/06/13 Ref.: MultiMode <<1m Class Active Phased Array Antenna Spotlight, Stripmap, ScanSAR Enhanced Sensitivity Very High Resolution High resolution wide-swath Single/Dual Pol Spotlight Full Pol STRIPMAP Reference mass 600 ÷ 1000 kg OPEN Very sub-metric Class Multimode SAR
- 22. 19/06/13 Ref.: In the area “new developments” are included those projects in a design and/or development phase New developments are typically carried-on in two contests: Active contracts with a specific Customer Development of a new product to anticipate new market neesd and to tackle potential customers New developments represents the state-of-the-art in terms of technology and performance and will be the base of the product lines in the mid/long term period OPEN New developments
- 23. 19/06/13 Ref.: OPEN From COSMO-SkyMed to COSMO Seconda Generazione
- 24. This document is not to be reproduced, modified, adapted, published, translated in any material form in whole or in part nor disclosed to any third party without the prior written permission of Thales Alenia Space - © 2012, Thales Alenia Space COSMO Second Generation Performance • Improvement of Military operating mode • Improvement of number of look • Improvement of number of images from 450 to 550 (1100 taking into account the polarisation) • Full polarisation by STRIPMAP QUADPOL mode 19/06/13 24 Ref.: Parameter SPOT PING- PONG SCAN STRIPMA P STRIPMA P QUADPOL Single lookSingle look ResolutionResolution 2A 0.8x0.8 m2A 0.8x0.8 m 2B 1x1 m2B 1x1 m 5X12 m5X12 m 11 4X20 m4X20 m 22 6X406X40 3x3 m3x3 m 3X3 m3X3 m SwathSwath 2A 10X10 km2A 10X10 km 2B 10x10 km2B 10x10 km 30X30 km30X30 km 1 100x100 km1 100x100 km 2 200X200 km2 200X200 km 40X40 km40X40 km 15x40 km15x40 km
- 25. 19/06/13 Ref.: Compact SAR concept based on: Center-fed dual reflector antenna Foldable Reflector (Reflector Antenna Assembly Feed Array Assembly (active Phased Array). Reference Performance: Instrument mass < 250 kg dc power consumption < 4 w deployed antenna dimension, 5 m Acquisition techniques Stripmap Spotlight Stripmap: Swath: 20-40 km Resolution: 2-4m Access Area: 20°-55° Spotlight: Swath: 5-10 km Resolution: < 1m Access Area: 20°-55° OPEN Compact SAR
- 26. 19/06/13 Ref.: The Excellence in Space Radars OPEN
- 27. 87201590-QCI-TAS-EN/001 Large Scale Land Planning
- 28. 87201590-QCI-TAS-EN/001 Daily observation on Polar RoutesDaily observation on Polar Routes over North-West e Nord-East Passagesover North-West e Nord-East Passages (50% daily capability on near polar area)(50% daily capability on near polar area)
- 29. 87201590-QCI-TAS-EN/001 Not Identified Vessels Identified Vessels using AIS e VMS systems Maritime Surveillance Support to Conventional Systems
- 30. 87201590-QCI-TAS-EN/001 Earth Emergency & Monitoring Hydrocarbons Pollution
- 31. 87201590-QCI-TAS-EN/001 FLOODS & FLOODINGS Operational Damage Assessment
- 32. 87201590-QCI-TAS-EN/001 Landslides, Earthquakes & Land Stability
- 33. 87201590-QCI-TAS-EN/001 COSMO-SkyMed regularly Monitors whole National Territory under ASI and Civil Protection over sighting control at least twice per month with large Data Availability, continuously updated for any possible need, CSK system operational capability allows the development and refinement of advanced applications and analysis techniques Fast and ReliableFast and Reliable