Economic Evaluation of Uttarakhand Forest
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1) A study by Uttarakhand's Forest Department estimated the annual economic value of ecosystem services provided by Uttarakhand forests to be 104 billion rupees. 2) A study by the Centre for Ecological Services Management estimated that India's tiger reserves provide ecosystem services worth over 80 billion rupees annually, with Corbett Tiger Reserve alone providing 14.7 billion rupees annually. 3) Properly accounting for the economic value of ecosystem services through metrics like Gross Environment Product is important for more accurate cost-benefit analyses of development projects and policy decisions.
Economic Evaluation of Uttarakhand Forest
- 1. ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ECO-SYSTEM SERVICES PERSPECTIVE OF UTTARAKHAND FOREST DEPARTMENT JAI RAJ, PCCF, UTTARAKHAND.
- 2. HIMALAYAN STATES • Despite ever-increasing demand for development, conservation of natural resources has been the underlying policy. • Uttarakhand has 71% of its Geographical Area under forest with around 14% under Protected Areas – much more than the national average (21%, 4.89%). • Green bonus
- 3. WHY VALUE NATURE ? • Recharged ground water, fertile soil, plant biomass created by photosynthesis etc. appear to be seemingly free. • Ecosystem services – food, water, recreation, protection from natural hazards are all reviewed as a right that is free and infinite. • However, with the ever increasing biotic-pressure, their is a gradual decline in the vigour of eco-systems to provide services to the same degree.
- 4. PROJECT DECISIONS ECONOMIC GROWTH •Cost-benefit Ratio •GDP
- 5. GEP • GEP – The Gross Environment Product (green GDP) is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored into a country's conventional GDP. • GEP or Green GDP monetizes the loss of biodiversity & other environmental factors and accounts for such costs in developmental planning. • The science is evolving.
- 6. UTTARAKHAND – PIONEER (GEP) •PIL in High Court by HESCO. •High Level Committee. •Study instituted by “Economics and Statistical Dept.” for evaluation of ES and GEP.
- 7. UTTARAKHAND FORESTS 104 billion rupees per annum (943 billion rupees per annum from IHR) (Prof. SP Singh)
- 8. ECO-SYSTEM SERVICES FROM INDIAN FORESTS • The total economic value has been estimated at 6.96 lakh crores annually, which is approximately 6.86% of the GDP and represents the bare minimum approximate values of goods and services generated by forests. • Valuation of certain services such as waste treatment, biodiversity, cultural and traditional values of trees and forests could not be assessed due to lack of proper methodologies; therefore the total value may be even higher than what has been projected here.
- 9. FOREST-ECOSYSTEM TIGER RESERVES (STUDY BY THE CENTRE FOR ECOLOGICAL SERVICES MANAGEMENT AT IIFM FOR NTCA) • 80% OF BIODIVERSITY • 3500 tigers with approx. 50% in India. • TIGERS are apex-predators and their conservation results in the conservation of lower trophic level. • 48 Tiger Reserves with 2% of geog. Area. • Quantitative and qualitative estimates of 25 ecosystems services from six tiger reserves in different Tiger landscapes across the country. • Cost of re-creation of a tiger reserve has also been worked out.
- 10. STYDY BY CENTRE FOR ECOLOGICAL SERVICES MANAGEMENT AT IIFM FOR NTCA SERVICES Standing wood-stock, employment generation, gene-pool protection, carbon-storage, water- purification, pollination, waste assimilation, recreation, water provisioning, habitat, nutrient recycling etc.
- 11. STUDY BY CENTRE FOR ECOLOGICAL SERVICES MANAGEMENT AT IIFM FOR NTCA Corbett TR – 14.7 billion rupees or 1.14 lakh/ha annually of flow-benefits. (Tangible – 107 million rupees/year and intangible – 14,615 million rupees/year). For every rupee spent in CTR, flow benefits of 368 rupees are realized within and outside the tiger reserve.
- 12. STUDY BY CENTRE FOR ECOLOGICAL SERVICES MANAGEMENT AT IIFM FOR NTCA •Kanha TR – 16.5 billion rupees or 0.80 lakh/ha annual flow-benefits. •Sunderbans TR – 12.8 billion rupees or 0.50 lakh/ha annual flow-benefits.
- 13. STUDY BY CENTRE FOR ECOLOGICAL SERVICES MANAGEMENT AT IIFM FOR NTCA Cost of recreating a Tiger Reserve 1069 sq. km. 491,800 million rupees or 4.62 million rupees/ha
- 14. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS • TEEB • REDD+ (20% of Global Green House Gases come from Forestry sector) • NAPCC • SHE – Sustainable Himalayan Ecosystem Mission. • National Mission on Himalayan Studies. • Biodiversity Conservation – access and sharing. • Green Bonus.
- 15. ROAD AHEAD •Strong networking - ECOLOGISTS, ECONOMISTS, STATISTICIANS, PLANNERS, COMMUNITIES. •URGENCY.