EDMGT-613-Educational-Laws-Practices-Trends-and-Issues-Lesson-1.pptx

Mr. ANTONIO M. ILAGAN
Professor

Main Objectives and Aims of
Education
“All educational institutions shall inculcate patriotism and
nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human
rights, appreciation of the role of national heroes in the
historical development of the country, teach the rights and
duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual
values, develop moral character and personal discipline,
encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific
and technological knowledge and promote vocational
efficiency”
-Section 3(2), Article XIV of the Constitution

THE HISTORY OF FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT
OF EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Four main stages of Philippine history which
resulted in significant changes in the Educational
system.
Early Filipinos
Spanish Period
American Period
Japanese Occupation
Present Period

Education- Early Filipinos
 Primitive communal to Asiatic feudalism were the types of society present before the Spanish
Colonization. With their practical and subsistent mode of production they had to provide
education that was plain and simple.
 Medium of instruction used was ALIBATA.
 The educators are the BABAYLAN and KATALONAN
 The Type of Education that was taught was one of beliefs and traditions.
 Fathers trained their sons how to hunt while Mothers were in charge of their girls in instructing
on household chores.
 Informal and unstructured are the words best to describe education during Pre-Spanish Era.

EDUCATION- SPANISH PERIOD
Colegio de Santa Rosa
(Intramuros)
Beaterio de Sta. Catalina

 Education system was changed from informal to formal.
 The establishment of schools from primary to tertiary level came about all
because of religious congregations.
 Only wealthy Filipinos (Illustrados) are accommodated by the schools.
 There were separate schools for boys (Colegio) and for girls (Beaterio) .
 The Spanish authorities were mandated to educate the natives how read,
write and learn Spanish based on King Philip II’s Law of the Indies.

 The public school system in the Philippines was born in 1863, with the passage
of Education Reform Act in the Spanish court. There was a compulsory
education to all Filipino children. Education became free to all children
from ages 7-13
 The Clergy of Friars maintained the order in educational system.
 The system of education familiarized by Filipinos are religious and
patriarchal.
 People were also taught that social mobility can be achieved thru education

EDUCATIONAL DECREE 1863
The Decree of education in 1863 established
the first ever educational system in the
Philippines. It required the government to
provide school institutions for boys and girls in
every town. Given the situation, the Spanish
schools started accepting Filipino students

EDUCATION- AMERICAN PERIOD
THOMASITES

 Every child from aged 7 was obliged to register at the nearest school. School
supplies were provided to students for free.
 Levels of education were divided into three:
- Elementary ( 4 primary and 3 intermediate years)
-Secondary (4 years)
-College
 Religion was not part of the curriculum.
 Volunteer American Soldiers were the first teachers.

 In accordance to 1935 Constitution, free education in public schools all over
the country was provided by the Commonwealth.
 Nationalism was emphasized in schools- teaching the students about the
deceased Filipino Heroes.
 Cooking, farming, sewing and some household activities together with
vocational education were given importance. Discipline and proper manners
were not also neglected.
 Institute of private Education aimed at observing private schools was
established.

EDUCATION- JAPANESE OCCUPATION

 Japanese Occupation started in 1941.
 Military Order no. 2 in 1942 spelled out the basic principle and guidelines of
education in re-opening and operating schools:
 To enrich the Filipinos culture and to stop patronizing western countries.
 To recognize that the Philippines as a part of GreaterEast Asia Co- Prosperity
Sphere so that Philippines and Japan could have good relations.
 To boost the morality of Filipinos and instill cautiousness of materialism

 To forget and to stop English language learning, and instead learn and adopt
Nippongo.
 To proliferate primary and vocational education
 To foster love for work.
 On October 14, 1943, the Ministry of Education was established by the
Japanese Government.
 The teaching of Tagalog, Philippine History and Character Education were
observed in schools.

EDUCATION- PRESENT PERIOD
 Among the 3 colonizers of the country, the Americans dominate. With English
as the medium of instruction, The Philippine education is a prototype of the
American System.
 Schools were categorized into public and private.
 The preparatoy level consists of nurseries, kindergarten, six years of primary
education, 4 years of Junior High School, 2 years of Senior High and College.
 Two or more years are added for graduate schooling (Masteral, Doctorate
degree)

An Overview of DepEd Roots
Year Official Name of
Department
Official Nominal Head Legal Order
1863 Superior Commission
of primary Instruction
Chairman Historical decree of
1863
1901-1916 Department of Public
Instruction
General
Superintendent
Act No. 74 of the
Philippine Commission,
Jan. 21, 1901
Instruction
Secretary Organic Act law of
1916 (Jones Law)
1942-1944 Department of
Education, Health and
Public Welfare
Commissioner Renamed by Japanese
Executive Commission,
June 11,1942
1944 Department of
Education, Health and
Public Welfare
Minister Renamed by Japanese
Sponsored Philippine
Republic

1944 Department of Public
Instruction
Secretary Renamed by Japanese
Sponsored Philippine
Republic
Instruction and
information
Secretary Renamed by the
Commonwealth
Government
Instruction
Secretary Renamed by the
Commonwealth
Government
Education
Secretary E.O N. 94 October 1947
(Reorganization Act of
1947)
Education and Culture
Secretary Proc. No. 1081,
September 24, 1972
1978-1984 Ministry of Education
and Culture
Minister P.D No. 1397, June 2,
1978
1984-1986 Ministry of Education,
Culture and Sports
Minister Education Act of !982
Education, Culture and
Sports
Secretary E.O. No. 117. January
30, 1987

Education, Culture and
Sports
Secretary RA 7722 and RA 7796,
1994 Trifocalizaton of
Education Management
2001-2013 Department of Education Secretary RA 9155. August 2001
(Governance of Basic
Education Act)
2013-Present Department of Education Secretary Enhanced Basic
education Act of 2013,
RA 10533

LEGAL BASIS IN PHILIPPINE EDUCATON
Educational Decree of 1863
The Educational Decree of 1863 was an effort by Spain
to reform the Philippine Colonial education system.
The decree established a complete system of
Education – it required two elementary schools in
each municipality (One for girls and one for boys)
Standardized the curriculum
Established normal schools

LEGAL ORDERS IN PHILIPPINE
EDUCATON
Act No 74 of 1901
Enacted into law by the Philippine Commission, the
Act:
 Created the Department of Public Instruction
 Laid the foundations of Public School Systems in the
Philippines
 Provided for the establishment of Philippine Normal
school in Manila
 Made English as the medium of instruction.

EDUCATON
Jones Law of 1916
An Act to declare the purpose of the people of the
United States as to the future political stats of the
people of the Philippine Islands, and to provide a more
autonomous government for those islands.

EDUCATON
Philippine Executive Commission of 1942
The PEC was created as the temporary care-taker
government of the Greater Manila area and eventually
of the whole Philippines during the Japanese
Occupation.

EDUCATON
Executive order No. 94 ( October 1947)
Transformed the commission into department of
Instruction under a general superintendent(until
1916),a secretary (Until 1944)

EDUCATON
Presidential Decree No. 1397 (June 2,
1978)
Transformed the Department of Education and Culture
established under proclamation No. 1081(s.1972) into
the Ministry of Education and Culture (MEC) which the
education act of 1982 reorganized to Ministry of
Education, Culture and Sports

EDUCATON
Executive order No. 117(January 30,
1987)
Reorganized the MECS to the Department of Education
Culture and Sports (DECS)

EDUCATON
Republic Act No. 7722 (May 18, 1994) and Republic Act
No. 7794 (August 23, 1994)
created the Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
and TESDA, respectively, giving rise to a trifocalized
education system which refocused DECS’ mandate to
basic education covering pre-school, elementary and
secondary, and non-formal education.

EDUCATON
Republic Act No. 9155 (August 11, 2001)
Known as Governance of Basic Education act of 2001,
renamed the DECS to the Department of Education
(DepEd), redefined its role and that of its field offices,
and reiterated the goal of basic education.

EDUCATON
Republic Act No. 10533 (September 24, 2013)
Otherwise known as Enhanced Basic Education Act of
2013.
An act enhancing the Philippine Basic education System
by strengthening its curriculum and increasing the
number of years for basic education, approaching funds
therefore and for other purposes.

Enhanced Basic Education
Act of 2013
Republic Act No. 10533 (September 24,
2013)

It is hereby declared the policy of the State that
every graduate of the Basic education shall be an
empowered individual who has learned, through a
program that is rooted on sound educational
principles eared towards excellence to engage in
work and be productive, the ability to coexist in
fruitful harmony with local and global communities,
the capability to engage in autonomous, creative,
and critical thinking, and the capacity and
willingness to transform others and one’s self

For the above purpose, the State shall create
a functional basic educational system that
will develop productive and responsible
citizens equipped with essential
competencies, skills and value for both life-
long learning and employment. In order to
achieve this, the State shall:

a. Give every student an opportunity to receive quality education
that is globally competitive based on a pedagogically sound
curriculum that is at par with international standards.
b. Broaden the goals of high school education for college
preparation, vocational and technical career opportunities as
well as creative arts, sports and entrepreneurial employment in
a rapidly changing and increasing globalized environment
c. Make education learner-oriented and responsive to the needs,
cognitive and cultural capacity, the circumstances and diversity
of learners, schools and communities through the appropriate
language of teaching and learning, including mother tongue as a
learning resource.

Section 4 of RA 10533
Enhanced Basic Education Program
This program encompasses at least one year of
kindergarten
6 years of elementary education
6 years of secondary education (4 years junior) and
(2 years senior)

Standards and Principles in developing the enhanced basic
education curriculum:
The curriculum shall be:
a. Learner –centered, inclusive and developmentally
appropriate.
b. relevant, responsive and research –based.
c. culture- sensitive

d. Contextualized and global
e. Use pedagogical approaches that are constructivist,
inquiry-based, reflective, collaborative and integrative.
f. Adhere to the principles and framework of (MTB-MLE)
g. Shall use spiral progression approach to ensure mastery
of knowledge and skills after each level.
h. shall be flexible enough to enable and allow schools to
localize, indigenize and enhance the same based on their
respective educational and social contexts.

MAGNA CARTA FOR PUBLIC
SCHOOL TEACHERS (R.A 4670)

Section 2. Title-Definition
This act shall be known as the Magna
Carta for Public School Teachers and
shall apply to all public school teachers
except to those in the professional staff
of state colleges and universities.

Section 3. Recruitment and Qualification
a. For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades,
Bachelor’s Degree in Elementary Education.
b. For teachers of secondary schools- Bachelors degree in Education
or its equivalent with a major and minor or a Bachelors degree in
Arts or Science with atleast eighteen professional units in
education.
c. For teachers of secondary vocational and two years technical
courses, Bachelor’s degree in the field or specialization with
atleast eighteen professional units in education
d. For teachers of courses on the collegiate level, other than
vocational, master’s degree with a specific area of specialization

Section 5. Tenure of Office
Stability on employment and security of tenure shall
be assured the teachers as provided under existing
law.
Subject to the provisions of section 3 thereof,
teachers appointed on a provisional status of lack of
necessary civil service eligibility shall be extended
permanent appointment for the position he is,
holding after having rendered at least ten years of
continuous, efficient and faithful service in such
position.

Section 6. Consent for Transfer-
Transportation Expenses
Except for cause and as herein otherwise provided,
no teacher shall be transferred without hos consent
from one station to another.
Provided, however, that no transfer whatever shall
be made three months before any local or national
elections.
Necessary transfer expenses of the teacher and his
family shall be paid for by the Government if his
transfer is finally approved.

Section 7. Code of professional Conduct
for Teachers
Within six months from the approval of this act, the
secretary of Education shall formulate and prepare a Code of
Professional Conduct for Public School Teachers. A copy of
the code shall be furnished each teacher.

Section 8. Safeguards in Disciplinary
Procedure
Every teacher shall enjoy equitable safeguards at each stage of
any disciplinary procedure and shall have:
a. The right to be informed, in writing, of the charges.
b. The right to full access to the evidence in the case.
c. The right to depend himself and to be defended by a
representative of his choice and/or by his organization,
adequate time being given to the teacher for the preparation of
his defense
d. The right to appeal to clearly designated authorities. No
publicity shall be given to any disciplinary action taken against
a teacher during the pendency of his case.

Section 9. Administrative Charges
 Administrative charges against a teacher shall be heard initially by a
committee composed of the corresponding School Superintendent of
the division or a duly authorized representative, who should at least
have the rank of a division supervisor, where the teacher belongs, as
chairman, a representative of the local or, in its absence, any
existing provincial or national teacher organization and a supervisor
of the Division, the last two be designated by the director of public
schools.
Provided ,however, that where the school superintendent is the
complainant or an interested party, all the members of the committee
shall be appointed by the Secretary of Education.

Section 10. No Discrimination
There shall be no discrimination
whatsoever in the entrance to the
teaching profession or during its
exercise, or in the termination of
services based on other than
professional consideration.

Section 11. Married Teachers
Whenever possible, the proper
authorities shall take all steps to enable
married couples, both of whom are
public school teachers, to be employed
in the same locality.

Section 12. Academic Freedom
Teachers shall enjoy academic
freedom in the discharge of their
professional duties, particularly with
regard to teaching and classroom
methods.

HOURS OF WORK AND REMUNERATION

Section 13. Teaching Hours
Any teachers engaged in actual classroom instruction shall
not be required to render more than six hours of actual
classroom teaching a day, preparation and correction of
exercises and other work incidental to his normal teaching
duties: provided, however, that where the exigencies of the
service so require, any teacher may be required to render
more than six hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual
classroom teaching a day upon payment of additional
compensation at the same rate as his regular remuneration
plus at least 25% of his basic pay.

Section 14. Additional Compensation
Not withstanding any provision to existing law to the contrary, co-
curricular and out of school activities and any other activities outside
of what is defined as normal duties of any teacher shall be paid an
additional compensation of at least 25% of his regular remuneration
after the teacher has completed at least six hours of actual teaching
a day.
In the case of other teachers of school officials not engaged in
actual classroom instruction, any work performed in excess of eight
hours a day shall be paid an additional compensation of at least 25%
of their regular remuneration.

Section 15. Criteria for salaries
a. They shall compare favorably with those paid in other
occupations requiring equivalent or similar qualifications, training
and abilities.
b. They shall be such as to insure for teachers a reasonable standard
of life for themselves and their families
c. They shall be properly graded so as to recognize the fact that
certain positions require higher qualification and greater
responsibility than others: Provided, however, that the general
salary scale shall be achieved by raising the lower end of the
salary scales relative to the upper end.

Section 16. Salary Scale
Salary scales of teachers shall provide for a
gradual progression from a minimum to a
maximum salary by means of regular
increments, granted automatically after
three years: Provided, that the efficiency
rating of the teacher concerned is at least
satisfactory. The progression from the
minimum to the maximum of the salary scale
shall not extend over a period of ten years.

Section 17. Equality in Salary Scales
The salary scales of teachers whose
salaries are appropriated by a city,
municipal, municipal district, or
provincial government, shall not be less
than those provided for teachers of the
National Government.

Section 18. cost of Living Allowance
Teachers’ salaries shall at the very least, keep pace
with the rise in the cost of living by the payment of
a cost-of-living allowance which shall automatically
follow changes in a cost-of-living index. The
secretary of Education shall, recommend to
Congress, at least annually, the appropriation of the
necessary funds for the cost-of-living allowances of
teachers employed by the National Government.

Section 19. Special Hardship Allowances
In areas in which teachers are exposed to hardship
such as difficulty in commuting to the place of work
or other hazards peculiar to the place of
employment, as determined by the secretary of
Education, they shall be compensated special
hardship allowances equivalent to at least 25% of
their monthly salary.

Sec. 20. Salaries to be Paid in Legal
Tender
Salaries of teachers shall be paid in legal tender of
the Philippines or its equivalent in checks or
treasury warrants. Provided, however, that such
checks or treasury warrants shall be cashable in any
national, provincial, city or municipal treasurer’s
office or any banking institutions operating under
the laws of the Republic of the Philippines

Section 21. Deductions Prohibited
No person shall make any deduction whatsoever
from the salaries of teachers except under specific
authority of law authorizing such deductions:
provided, however, that upon written authority
executed by the teacher concerned, (1) lawful dues
and fees owing to the Philippine Public School
Teachers Association and (2) premiums properly due
on insurance policies, shall be considered
deductible.

HEALTH MEASURES AND INJURY BENEFITS

Section 22 Medical Examination and
Treatment
Compulsory medical examination shall be provided free of
charge for all teachers before they take up teaching and
shall be repeated not less than once a year they take up
teaching, and shall be during the teacher’s professional life.
Where the medical examination show that medical
treatment and/or hospitalization is necessary, same shall be
provided free by the government entity paying the salary of
teachers.
In regions where there is scarcity of medical facilities
teachers may obtain elsewhere the necessary medical care
with the right to be reimbursed for their traveling expenses
by the government entity.

Section 23. Compensation for Injuries
Teachers shall be protected against consequences of
employment injuries in accordance with existing
laws. The effects of the physical and nervous strain
on the teacher’s health shall be recognized as a
compensable occupational disease in accordance
with existing laws.

SECTION 24. Study Leave
They shall be entitled to study leave not exceeding one school year
after seven years of service. Such leave shall be granted in
accordance with a schedule set by the Department of Education.
During the period of such leave the teachers shall be entitled at least
60% of their monthly salary: Provided, however, that no teacher shall
be allowed to accumulate more than one year study leave, unless he
needs an additional semester to finish his thesis for graduate study in
education or allied courses: Provided, further, that no compensation
shall be due the teacher after the first year of such leave. In all
cases, the study leave period shall be counted for seniority and
pension purposes

The compensation allowed for one study
leave as herein provided shall be subject to
the condition that the teacher takes the
regular load and passes at least 755 of his
course. Study leave of more than one year
may be permitted by the Secretary of
Education, but without compensation.

Section 25. Indefinite Leave
An indefinite sick leave of absence
shall be granted to teachers when
the nature of the illness demands a
long treatment that will exceed one
year at the last.

Section 26. Salary Increase upon
Retirement
Public school teachers having fulfilled the age and
service requirements of the applicable retirement
laws shall be given one range salary raise upon
retirement, which shall be the basis of the
computation of the lump sum of the retirement pay
and the monthly benefits thereafter.

Section 27. Freedom to Organize
Public school teachers shall have the
right to freely and without previous
authorization both to establish and to
join organizations of their choosing,
whether local or national to further and
defend their interests.

Section 28. Discrimination Against
Teachers Prohibited
The rights established in the immediately preceding section shall be
exercised without any interference or coercion. It shall be unlawful
for any person to commit any acts of discrimination against teachers
which are calculated to
a. Make the employment of a teacher subject to the condition that
he shall not join an organization,
b. Cause the dismissal of or otherwise prejudice a teacher by reason
of his membership in organization activities outside school hours,
or within the consent of the proper school authorities, within
school hours.

c. Prevent him from carrying out
duties laid upon him by his position
in the organization or to penalize
him for an action undertaken in that
capacity.

Section 29. National Teacher’s
Organization
National Teacher’s organization shall be
consulted in the formulation of national
educational policies and professional
standards, and in the formulation of
national policies governing the social
security of the teachers.

LEGAL BASES OF PHILIPPINE
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Major Legal Bases
1. 1935 const. Aticle XIV section 5
2. 1973 const. Article XV Sections 8 (1-8)
3. 1987 const. Article XIV Sections 1-5(5)

1987 Constitutions
Article XIV Sections 1-5 (5)
Section 1. the state shall protect and
promote the right of all the citizens to
quality education at all levels and shall take
appropriate steps to make such education
accessible to all.

1987 Constitutions
Section 2. The state shall
1. Establish, maintain and support a complete, adequate
and integrated system of education relevant to the
needs of the people and society.
2. Establish and maintain a system of free public
education in the elementary and high school levels.
Without limiting the natural rights of parents to rear
their children, elementary education is compulsory for
all children of school age.

1987 Constitutions
3. Establish and maintain a system of
scholarship grants, student loan
programs, subsidies and other incentives
which shall be available to deserving
students in both public and private
schools, especially to the
underprivileged.

1987 Constitutions
4. Encourage non-formal, informal and indigenous
learning system, as well as self-learning
independent and out-of-school study programs
particularly to those that respond to community
needs.
5. Provide adult citizens, the disabled and out-of-
school youth with training in civics, vocational
efficiency and skills.

1987 Constitutions
Section 3
1. All educational institutions shall
include the study of the Constitution as
part of the curricula.

1987 Constitutions
2. They shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism,
foster love of humanity, respect for human rights,
appreciation of the role of national heroes in the
historical development of the country, teach the
rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical
and spiritual values, develop moral character and
personal discipline, encourage critical and creative
thinking, broaden scientific and technological
knowledge and promote efficiency.

1987 Constitutions
3. At the option expressed in writing by the
parents or guardians, religion shall be allowed
to be taught to their children or wards in the
public elementary and high school within the
regular class hours by instructors designed or
approved by the religious authorities of the
religion to which the children or wards belong,
additional cost to the Government.

1987 Constitutions
Section 4.
1. The state recognizes the
complementary roles of the public and
private institutions in the educational
system and shall exercise reasonable
supervision and regulation of all
educational institutions.

1987 Constitutions
2. Educational institutions, other than those established by
religious groups and mission boards, shall be allowed solely by
citizens of the Philippines or corporations or associations at least
60% of the capital of which is owned by such citizens.
The Congress may, however, require increased Filipino equity
participation in all educational institutions. The control and
administration of educational institutions shall vested in citizens
of the Philippines. No educational institution shall be established
exclusively for aliens and no group of aliens shall comprise more
than one third of the enrollment in any school.

1987 Constitutions
The provisions of this subsection shall
not apply to schools established for
foreign diplomatic personnel and their
dependents and, unless otherwise
provided by law, for other foreign
temporary residents.

1987 Constitutions
3. All revenues and assets of non- stock, non profit
educational institutions used actually , directly and
exclusively for educational purposes shall be exempt from
taxes and duties. Upon the dissolution or cessation of the
corporate existence of such institutions, their assets shall
be disposed of in the manner provided by law. Proprietary
educational institutions, including those cooperatively
owned, may likewise be entitled to such exemptions
subject to the limitations provided by law including
restrictions on dividends and provisions of reinvestment.

1987 Constitutions
4. Subject to conditions prescribed by
law, all grants endowments, donations
or contributions used actually, directly
and exclusively for educational purposes
shall be exempt from tax.

1987 Constitutions
Section 5.
1. The state shall take into account regional
and sectoral needs and conditions and shall
encourage local planning in the development
of educational policies and programs.
2. Academic freedom shall be enjoyed in all
institutions of higher learning.

1987 Constitutions
3.Every citizen has a right to select a profession of
course of study, subject to fair, reasonable and
equitable admission and academic requirements.
4. The state shall enhance the right of teachers to
professional advancement. Non-teaching academic
and non-academic personnel shall enjoy the
protection of the state.

1987 Constitutions
5. The state shall assign the highest
budgetary priority to education and ensure
that teaching will attract and retain its
rightful share of the best available talents
through adequate remuneration and other
means of job satisfaction and fulfillment.

BATAS PAMBANSA BLG. 232 (THE
EDUCATION ACT OF 1982)
This was an act providing for the
establishment and maintenance of an
integrated system of education. In
accordance with section 2, this act shall
apply to govern both formal and non-formal
system in public and private schools in all
levels of the entire educational system.

Provided by this act, the national development goals are as
follows:
1. To achieve and maintain accelerating rate of economic
development and social progress.
2. To assure the maximum participation of all the people in
the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits such
growth: and
3. To achieve and strengthen national unity and
consciousness and preserve, develop and promote
desirable cultural, moral and spiritual values in changing
world.

Section 3
The state shall promote the right of every individual
to relevant quality education, regardless of sex,
age, creed socio-economic status, physical and
mental conditions, racial or ethnic origin, political
or other affiliation. The state shall therefore
promote and maintain equality of access to
education as well as the benefits of education by all
its citizens.

Section 9. RIGHTS OF STUDENTS IN SCHOOL
1. The right to receive competent instruction,
relevant quality education.
2. The right to freely choose their field of study
subject to existing curricula and continue their
course up to graduation, except in cases of
academic deficiency or violation of disciplinary
regulations.

3. The right to school guidance and counseling services.
4. The right to access to his own school records and the
confidentiality of it.
5. The right to issuance of official certificates, diplomas,
transcript of records, grades, transfer credentials and
similar document within 30 days from request.

6. The right to publish a student newspaper and
invite resource persons during symposia, assemblies
and other activities.
7.The right to free expression of opinions and
suggestions and to effective channels of
communication with appropriate academic and
administrative bodies of the school or institutions.

8. The right to form or establish, join and
participate in organizations and societies recognized
by the school, or to for, join and maintain
organizations and societies for purposes not
contrary to the law.
9. The right to be free from involuntary
contributions except those approved by their
organizations and societies.

Section 10.- RIGHT OF ALL SCHOOL PERSONNEL
1. Free expression of opinions and suggestions.
2. To be provided with free legal service by the
appropriate government office in case of public school
personnel and the school authorities concerned in case
of private personnel, when charged in administrative,
civil and/or criminal proceedings, by parties other than
the school authorities concerned, for actions committed
directly in the lawful discharged of professional duties
and/or in defense of school policies.

3. Establish join, maintain labor organization
of their choice to promote their welfare and
defend their interest.
4. To be free from involuntary contributions
except those imposed by their own
organizations.

Section 11- SPECIAL RIGHT AND/OR PRIVILEGES OF
TEACHING OR ACADEMIC STAFF
1.The right to be free compulsory assignment not
related to their duties defined in their appointment
or employment contracts unless compensated
thereof. (additional compensation sec.14 R.A 4670 –
at least 25% of his regular remuneration.

2. Right to intellectual property.
3 Teachers are persons in authority when lawful discharge of
duties and responsibilities… shall therefore be accorded due
respect and protection (Commonwealth Act No. 578)
4. Teachers shall be given opportunity to choose career
alternatives for advancements.

Section 12- RIGHTS OF ADMINISTRATORS
1. School administrators shall be deemed persons in
authority while in the lawful discharge of their
duties and responsibilities…. Shall be accorded due
respect and protection (Commonwealth Act No. 578)

Section 13. RIGHTS OF SCHOOLS
1. The right of their governing boards….. To adopt and
enforce administrative or management systems.
2. The right of institutions of higher learning to determine
on academic grounds who shall be admitted to study,
who may teach, and who shall be the subjects of the
study and research.

MAINTENANCE OF QUALITY EDUCATION
1. Voluntary Accreditation (Section 29)
2. Teachers and administrative Obligations
and Qualification (Section 176 and 17)
3. Government Financial Assistance to Private
Schools 9Section 41)

Act No. 74
This law was enacted on January 21, 1901 by the
Philippine Commission, and provided:
a. Establishment of the Department of Public
Instruction headed by the General Superintendent
b. The archipelago was divided into school divisions
and districts for effective management of the
school system

c. English was made as medium of instruction in all
levels of schooling.
d. Optional religious instructions in all schools
(section 16).

ACT NO.2706
This was known as “Private School Law”
enacted on March 10, 1917 by the Philippine
Legislature , which made obligatory the
recognition and inspection of private schools
and colleges by the Secretary of Public
Instruction so as to maintain standard of
efficiency in all private schools and colleges
in the country.

ACT NO.2706
This law was amended by Commonwealth Act
No.180 passed on November 13, 1936 which
provided that:
The secretary of Public Instruction was
vested with power to supervise, inspect and
regulate said schools and colleges in order
to determine efficiency of instruction given
in the same.

COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 1 (AMENDED
BY R.A 9163
Known as National Defense Act passed by the
Assembly on December 21, 1935, which
provided in section 81 that:
Preparatory Military Training shall be given in
the elementary grade school and shall extend
through the remainder of schooling into
college or post secondary education.

COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 1 (AMENDED
BY R.A 9163
By virtue of Presidential Decree 1706,issued
by the late President Marcos on August
8,1980, otherwise known as the “National
service Law”, Commonwealth Act No.1 was
amended, and required all citizens to render,
civic welfare service, law enforcement
service and military service.

COMMONWEALTH ACT NO.80
This law created the Office of adult
Education on October 26, 1936, so as to
eliminate illiteracy and to create
vocational and citizenship training to
adult citizens of the country.

COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 578
Enacted on June 8, 1940, conferred the
status of ‘persons in authority’ upon the
teachers, professors, and persons charged
with the supervision of public or duly
recognized private schools, colleges and
universities.

(REPEALED BY R.A.896)
This is known as Education Act of 1940. it was approved on August 7, 1940 by the
Philippine Assembly.
The law provided for the following:
a. Reduction of seven-year elementary course to six-year elementary course.
b. Fixing the school entrance age to seven.
c. National support of elementary education
d. Compulsory attendance in the primary grades for all children who enrolled
in Grade 1.
e. Introduction of double-single session-one class in the morning and another in
the afternoon under one teacher to accommodate more children.

This law, approved on August 19, 1940,
established school ritual in all public and private
elementary and secondary schools in Philippines.
The ritual consists of solemn and patriotic
ceremonies that include the singing of the
National Anthem and Patriotic Pledges

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 139 (REPEALED BY
R.A.8047)
Enacted on June 14, 1947, and the Board of Textbooks. This
law provided that all schools must only use one books that
are approved by the Board for a period of Six years from
date of their adoption.
The private schools may use books of their choice, provided
the Board of Textbooks has no objections with those books.

REPUBLIC ACT NO.896
Enacted on June 20, 1953 and known as the Elementary
Education Act of 1953, it repealed Commonwealth Act
586 and provided for the following:
a. Restoration of Grade 7 (but never implemented due
to lack of funds)
b. Abolition of the double-single session and return the
former practice of only one.

REPUBLIC ACT NO.896
c. Class under one teacher in the primary and
three teachers to two classes or five teachers
to three classes in the intermediate level.
d. Compulsory completion of the elementary
grades.
e. Compulsory enrollment of all children in the
public schools upon attaining seven years of
age.

REPUBLIC ACT NO.1124 (REPEALED BY
R.A 7722)
Approved on June 16, 1954, this law created the Board of
National Education charged with the duty formulating
general educational policies and directing the educational
interests of the nation.
However, this Board which was later renamed National Board
of Education (P.D No. 1), was abolished by virtue of the
Creation of the Board of Higher Education as stipulated in
Batas Pambansa Blg. 232. The Board’s function is now
assumed by the Commission on Higher Education by Virtue of
Republic Act 7722.

REPUBLIC ACT NO.1425
It was approved on June 12, 1956, it prescribed
the inclusion in the curricula of all schools, both
public and private, from elementary schools to
the universities, the life, works and writings of
Jose Rizal especially the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1079
Approved on June 15, 1959, it
provided that Civil service
eligibility shall be permanent and
shall have no time limit.

Known as Free Public Secondary Education Act of 1988.
It was approved on May 8, 1988 and provided for:
a. Free public secondary education to all qualified
citizens and promote quality education at all level.
b. No tuition or other fees shall be collected except
fees related to membership in the school community
such as I.D, student organization and publication.

c. Non-payment of these shall not hinder a
student from enrollment or graduation.
d. Nationalization of all public secondary schools.
e. A student who fails in majority of his
academic subjects for two consecutive years
could no longer fail of their program.

Assignment:
 This lesson provides you the history of formation and development
of educational system in the Philippines and the different provisions
stated in the different Educational Laws.
 For you reflection, cite your significant learning/ insight on the
Educational laws presented.
 1. Limit your reflections to one(1) or two(2) pages only;
 2. Use A4 size bond paper, Bookman Old Style, font size 11, double
space, and 1x1x1margin. Submit on or before 4th day of December
2022.
 Good luck, God bless and Stay safe!
(You have the option to choose which slide you’re going to reflect
with.)

REFERENCES:
 The impact of Spain’s 1863 Educational Decree on the spread
of Philippine Public schools and Language Acquisition-
Hardacker, Erin P.
 nest-atbp.jimdofree.com
 Officialgazette.gov.ph/constitution/the-jones-law-of-1916.
 Military.wikia.org/wiki/Philippine-Executive-Commission
 www.dbm.gov.ph
 www.deped.gov.ph/2013/09/24
 www.teacher.ph.com/legal-bases-of-Philippine-educational-
system

EDMGT-613-Educational-Laws-Practices-Trends-and-Issues-Lesson-1.pptx

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