EDUC 505 C_PEREZ_STANLEY Ba REPORT .pptx
- 1. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH “Phenomenology and Narrative Inquiry” Stanley B. Perez MAED-LI Education 505C-Research Seminar and Practicum
- 2. WHAT IS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH? Qualitative research can provide insight which is not possible to elucidate with purely quantitative data - A means for exploring and understanding the meaning individuals or groups ascribe to social or human problems - Study human behavior and social world • Help us to understand the world in which we live and why things are the way they are
- 3. Qualitative research answer questions on: - Why people behave the way they do - How opinions and attitudes are formed - How people are affected by the events that go on around them - How and why cultures have developed - The difference between social groups
- 5. what is phenomenolog y? • Study of a phenomena - describing something that exist as part of the world • Phenomena might be: - An event, a situation, an experience or a concept - e.g. back pain • It begins with the acknowledgment that there is a gap in our understanding • It may not necessarily provide definitive explanations but it does raise awareness and increase insight
- 6. • Phenomenological studies help in raising an understanding of the relationship between states of individual consciousness & social life. • Phenomenology attempts to uncover how human awareness is implicated in the production of a social action, social situation & social world
- 7. g.w.f. hegel • "Phenomenology is an approach to philosophy that begins with an exploration of a phenomenon, logical, ontological, metaphysical spirit that is behind the phenomenon. This is named as a "dialectical Phenomenology"
- 8. EDMUN HUSSERL • Defines Phenomenology as, "an approach to philosophy that takes the intutive experience of a phenomenon as it's starting point & tries to extract from it the essential features of experiences & the essence of what we experience"
- 9. objective • Phenomenological study is to trace out precisely the lived experiences of people & generate theories or models of phenomena being studied.
- 10. • Phenomenology tends to withstand the acceptance of those circumstances which are unobservable & is a grand system erected in speculative thinking. • Phenomenology opposes naturalism, i.e, objectivism & positivism. • Phenomenology tends to justify knowledge with reference to awareness of a substance itself, as disclosed in the most comprehensive, distinct & suitable way for some thing of it's kind. • Phenomenology tends to grasp that enquiry ought to emphasize upon "encountering" as it is directed at objectives as they are encountered. CHARACTERISTICS
- 12. Story telling is as old as human existence and at any given time human beings live multi-storied lives (Lai,2010; Freshwater&Holloway,20 07). Different types of narratives or story telling have been used in the African context to understand and make sense of experiences.
- 13. These range from metaphors,artefacts,poetry, myths and the use of figurative terms (White,1992,Zinchenko,Pruz hinin & Shchedrina, 2011). Within the psychological literature however the concept of applying metaphors takes on a more important and much richer role.
- 14. According to Zinchenko,Pruzhinin,Shchedr ina (2011:81) “metaphors and semantic images help to bring to life existing constructs or concepts of meaning…” This means that making use of a metaphor not only brings more meaning to what is explained or said but assists with the understanding or explanation.
- 15. WHAT IS narrative inquiry? Various researchers maintain that experiences cannot be quantified as in traditional methods of research (Saunders.2007;Grigoratos,2006;Hollow ay&Freshwater,2000). Narrative inquiry and narrative research are relatively new methods of the qualitative research approach and as such not much is known about them compared to other better known approaches.
- 16. WHAT IS narrative inquiry? Narrative inquiry is a “way of understanding experience. It is collaboration between researcher and participants, over time, in a place or series of places and in social interaction within a milieu…simply stated narrative inquiry is stories lived and told” (Clandinin&Connelly, 2000:20). Narrative inquiry through the study of experiences seeks to enrich and transform life experiences, not only for the participants, but for the researchers as well (Clandinin& Rosiek,2007;White,1995).
- 17. Data analysis in narrative inquiry has no clear cut methodology. It is broad based with procedures and processes used having been drawn from different scholars in various disciplines (Riessman,1993;Lieblich,Tuval- Mashiach&Zilber,1998;Priest,Roberts&Woods, 2002; Kelly&Howie,2007;Grigoratos,2007). Narrative data ana lysis
- 18. The first challenge was with data collection and interviewing. Stopping the flow of talk may lead to fractured narrative ,and selecting which parts to be used or reported may lead to bias. Bleakley advises researchers to look at data collection as a medium of active knowledge construction (Bleakley,2005:537). This advise was taken into account when conducting the study. challenges experienced
- 19. Data interpretation- how do you begin to interpret somebody else’s subjective account of his life? While there are various approaches according to different scholars, it is not simple. Constant reflection and decisions need to be made about whose story it is (Lai,2010;Bleakley,2005;Savin-Baden&Van Niekerk,2007;Riessman,1993). challenges experienced
- 20. This constant reflection includes going back to the participants and confirming with them if that was their intended meaning. Several authors agree that certain attributes are central to the quality of qualitative narrative inquiry (Lincoln&Guba,1994;Riessman,1993;Bleakley, 2005;Kelly&Howie,2007;Savin-Baden & Van Niekerk,2007;Priest,Roberts & Woods,2002;Moen,2006;Lai,2010). challenges experienced
- 21. The question of truth- whose truth is the real truth, how do you tell if the participant is telling the truth? In view of the post-modernistic philosophical assumption upon which the study was based there is no one complete truth, but rather multiple truths depending on context (White,1995). What is of importance is to see each other’s truths in a way that will bring new insights as to what happened by understanding how the person telling the story viewed that particular event (Wielenga,2010). challenges experienced
- 22. Stories can not be monologue in nature. Within one main story there are sub-stories which will always be interwoven and intertwined. Do you then as a researcher extract that which you need? Does that add to the wholesomeness of the story? The context greatly influences the story being told.
- 23. Using narrative inquiry helps in gaining new insights and empathic understanding of what is happening or has happened. It is this empathic understanding that leads to shifting of boundaries between ‘them’ as participants (students) and us as researchers (expects). There is a sense of one on one engagement; human being to human being.
- 24. The sharing of the stories can be cathartic, as the process of sharing and searching for meaning may bring healing where it’s needed and ‘new realisations’ on how to deal with the phenomenon in question. New shared stories or alternative stories are created as the participants relate their experiences and listen to each other, leading to a point where they are able to gain control over the situation.
- 25. Thank You!