Educational Philosophy in relation to curriculum
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This document summarizes four educational philosophies - perennialism, essentialism, progressivism, and reconstructivism - and how they influence curriculum development. It describes the key aspects of each philosophy, including their aims of education, the role of teachers, curriculum focus, and trends. Additionally, it discusses how theories from philosophers like Piaget, Vygotsky, and influences from Reggio Emilia shape the curriculum at a child development center to be developmentally appropriate, child-centered, and focused on active learning through exploration and social interaction. Philosophy guides the overall goals and approaches to education, while curriculum implements these philosophically-driven ideas into specific learning experiences.
Educational Philosophy in relation to curriculum
- 1. Curriculum Development Assignment#1 Joerigene Odette C. Neri Education 14 Liceo de Cagayan University
- 2. Perennialism Essentialism Progressivism Reconstructivism Aim of Education Educate the rational person; to cultivate the intellect. Promote intellectual growth of the individual and educate a competent person. Promote democratic and social living. Education for change, improve and reconstruct society. Describe the educational philosophies related to curriculum.
- 3. Describe the educational philosophies related to curriculum. Perennialism Essentialism Progressivism Reconstructivism Role of Education Teacher helps think with reason; based on Socratic methods; explicit or deliberate teaching of values. The teacher is the sole authority in his or her field of specialization Knowledge leads to growth and development of lifelong learners who actively learn by doing. Teachers act as agent of change and reform various educational projects including research.
- 4. Describe the educational philosophies related to curriculum. Perennialism Essentialism Progressivism Reconstructivism Focus in the Curriculum Classical subjects, literacy analysis and curriculum is constant Essential skill of 3 R’s and essential subjects of English, Science, History, Math and Foreign Language Subjects are interdisciplinary, integrative and interactive. Focus on students’ interest, human problems and affairs. Present and future trends and issues of national and international interest.
- 5. Describe the educational philosophies related to curriculum. Perennialism Essentialism Progressivism Reconstructivism Curriculum Trends Use of great books and return to liberal arts. Excellence in education, back to basics and cultural literacy. School reforms, relevant, and contextualized curriculum, humanistic education Equality of educational opportunities in education, access to global education.
- 6. How does philosophy influence curriculum Philosophy "It is important that we learn, because we learn things and it makes us know a lot. It is good to know things because people are counting on us.” ~ child, 4 years The overarching philosophy of the Mentor Graphics Child Development Center is to provide a developmentally appropriate program for young children that fosters the development of emotionally healthy children and stimulates children’s natural interest in, and enjoyment of, learning. Our program philosophy and practice has roots in a social constructivist theory of learning. Our broad, long-term program goals include helping children: • To become creative, independent thinkers • To feel competent and productive, with good self-esteem and a sense of self-worth • To develop a sense of responsibility for their own mental and physical health • To understand that they are a part of a diverse, multicultural global community and that their actions influence the quality of that community • To recognize the riches human differences bring to our world • To understand the various kinds of intelligences – linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, physical, spatial and personal -- that are valuable and important to our communities • To develop higher moral reasoning and to develop into adults with an internalized code of ethics and principles
- 7. How does philosophy influence curriculum Curriculum “All children have preparedness, potential, curiosity and interest in constructing their learning; negotiating with everything their environment brings to them.” ~Lella Gandini The curriculum in each classroom is negotiated as a conversation between children, teachers, and parents and is further supported by the design of the environment. There have been many theoretical influences on our curriculum work that have helped us to continue to learn and develop best practice. Some of the best known contributors to our work are Piaget, Vygotsky, Magda Gerber’s RIE philosophy and the municipal preschools and infant-toddler centers of Reggio Emilia, Italy. Piaget’s work reminds us that open ended activities and questions support the cognitive development of children because they ask the child to do their own thinking. Through this type of learning teachers support inquiry and finding out what the possibilities are in any given experience rather than strictly teaching correct or incorrect fact based information. Vygotsky’s theories support teachers being keen observers so that they can provide supportive information to help children to get to the next step in their learning process. Vygotsky referred to this support as “scaffolding”. His work contributed to an increased understanding in field about how social and cognitive growth influence one another.
- 8. How does philosophy influence curriculum Our work is strongly influenced by our developing understandings of the municipal preschools in Reggio Emilia, Italy. The infant/toddler and preschool programs of Reggio have been hailed as exemplary models of early childhood education (Newsweek, 1991). The Reggio Emilia approach to education is committed to the creation of conditions for learning that will enhance and facilitate children's construction of "his or her own powers of thinking through the synthesis of all the expressive, communicative and cognitive languages" (Edwards and Forman, 1993). As a Center staff, we continuously research the ideas about excellence in education for young children that the schools in Reggio offer to improve our practices within the classroom. In the CDC infant and toddler rooms, our methods of care giving are strongly impacted by the RIE philosophy. RIE stands for Resources for Infant Educators. As taught by RIE founder Magda Gerber, this approach models and promotes mutually respectful relationships between infants and their caregivers. Infants and Toddlers are seen as unique individuals with a surprising capacity to participate in relationships and in their own learning. To offer an overview of the RIE Philosophy the cornerstones of the practice are: • Respecting the child • Fostering his/her independence • Allowing for natural gross motor development • Developing a reciprocal trusting relationship
- 9. How does philosophy influence curriculum In summary curriculum is a plan for learning that is: • Developmentally and individually based • Concerned with process, and having the child be an active participant in learning- a constructivist approach supported by Jean Piaget’s theories • Sensitive to the child, each child's ability to set his/her own learning pace • Based on the child’s interests and abilities • Designed to help the child solve problems, question, experiment and hypothesize- based on Vygotsky’s work that demonstrates the importance of a social community • Culturally relevant to children and their families Philosophical bases of curriculum: Philosophy is the end and education is the means to achieve that end. Philosophy determines the goal of life and education tries to achieve the goal Curriculum is positively correlated with the needs and requirements of the society. The contents of curriculum change to suit the prevalent ideologies and social ways of thinking Philosophy provides curriculum specialists with a framework for broad issues and tasks, in general what experiences and activities to stress in schools and classrooms. Relationship between Education and Philosophy in the modern world. The basic relationship between philosophy and education. It is philosophy, that provides the purpose or the aim and it is education which makes it practical. Philosophy shows the way and education moves on in that direction. Education is the modification of behavior, the direction in which, modification to be carried out is determined by philosophy. Education is a laboratory where philosophic theories and speculations are tested and made concrete. Education may, therefore, be rightly called applied philosophy. Philosophy is wisdom; education transmits that wisdom from one generation to the other. Philosophy is in reality the theory of education. Philosophy formulates the method, education its process.