EEDC Distributed Systems
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This document is a homework assignment from a distributed systems course. It is divided into 4 parts that define distributed systems, discuss their evolution and architectures, and provide examples of application fields. The 3 students listed submitted this homework on distributed systems.
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EEDC Distributed Systems
- 1. EEDC 34330 Execution Environments for Distributed Systems Distributed Computing Master in Computer Architecture, Networks and Systems - CANS Homework number: 1 Group number: EEDC-30 Group members: Javier Álvarez [email protected] Francesc Lordan [email protected] Roger Rafanell [email protected]
- 2. Content Distributed Systems – Part 1: Definition – Part 2: Evolution – Part 3: Fields of application – Part 4: Questions 2
- 3. EEDC 34330 Execution Environments for Distributed Computing Master in Computer Architecture, Networks and Systems - CANS Part 1 Definition 3
- 4. Definition “A distributed system is a set of autonomous computational resources, communicated through a computer network, that cooperate to achieve a common goal.” 4
- 5. Key Concepts Cooperation – Nodes work together to achieve a common goal. Autonomous – Each node has a limited knowledge of the whole system. Communication – Nodes communicate by passing messages. Homogeneity/Heterogeneity – Many types of computers. – Many network scopes (LAN/WAN). – Many networks topologies. 5
- 6. Advantages Reliability – Fault tolerance mechanisms, replication of processes, … Resource sharing – Many users interacting with the same resource at the same time. Resource aggregation – computing power, disk space, network bandwidth, … Scalability – Ease to modify the amount of computing resources. Openness – Easy integration of a part of another system. Price – No need to purchase resources if remote ones are used. 6
- 7. Disadvantages Security – Data, processes and computational resources are exposed through the network. Relies on network latencies – Message passing is slower than just reading from local memory. Complexity – Access, configuration and programming. 7
- 8. EEDC 34330 Execution Environments for Distributed Computing Master in Computer Architecture, Part 2 Networks and Systems - CANS Evolution and Architectures 8
- 9. Evolution First conference MPI Packet Switching in distributed computing 1992 & 1982 P2P Systems First WAN 1999 1965 Utility Grid ENIAC Computing Computing Internet Cloud Computing 1945 1961 1990 1995 2007 1951 1969 1998 1991 UNIVAC ARPANET SOAP WWW 1964 1973 1996 First Supercomputer TCP/IP Volunteer Computing (CDC 6600) 9
- 10. Architectures Master-worker – A master node orchestrates the execution of an application among a set of workers. Client-server – Simple clients contacts the server asking for data / process. 3-tier – A new node between the client and the server is added to the previous architecture. This middle layer contents the complex logic to interpret the result obtained from the server. The client logic is simplified. 10
- 11. Architectures N-tier – 3-tier but with many levels. The request is forwarded through n- layers and the response is treated by each one. Tightly coupled – Resources that closely work together (Clusters). Peer-to-Peer – There is no special machine. The responsibility is uniformly divided through all the nodes. Space based – Create the illusion of a single address-space even it is distributed. 11
- 12. EEDC 34330 Execution Environments for Distributed Computing Master in Computer Architecture, Networks and Systems - CANS Part 3 Fields of application 12
- 13. Fields of application Everywhere! 13
- 14. Applications Computer science – Distributed Databases (Hbase, Cassandra, …) – Distributed file systems (GlusterFS, HDFS, Lustre, … ) – Ad-hoc networks – Sensor networks – Mobile apps Transport – Aeronautics – VANET: Vehicular ad-hoc networks Entertainment: – Multiplayer Online Games – Gaming/Media-On-Demand 14
- 15. Applications Science & Engineering – Forecasting models – Simulators – Data Analysis Medics – Electronic medical history – Remote exploration, therapy Business – Business Intelligence – Accounting – Virtual shops Public administration – Services based on OpenData … 15
- 16. EEDC 34330 Execution Environments for Distributed Computing Master in Computer Architecture, Networks and Systems - CANS Part 4 Questions 16
- 17. Questions 17