Effective Java - Always override toString() method
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- The toString() method in Object provides a default implementation but it does not generally provide useful output for custom classes. - Classes should override toString() to provide a concise but informative string representation of the object in a human-readable format. - This makes objects more pleasant to use with operations like println and string concatenation which implicitly call toString().
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Introduction to HTML and CSSFerdous Mahmud Shaon This document summarizes a knowledge sharing session on HTML and CSS basics. It covers topics like HTML tags and structures, CSS rules and selectors, the CSS box model, positioning, sprites, and hacks for dealing with browser inconsistencies. The session introduced fundamental concepts for using HTML to structure content and CSS for styling and layout, providing examples for common tags, selectors, properties and techniques. It aimed to give attendees an overview of the core building blocks of HTML and CSS.
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Business CommuncationFerdous Mahmud Shaon This case study examines effective communication in a business setting. It describes the story of Jobaer, a project trainee who was assured by his manager Arif that he would be hired permanently after an interview that was said to be a formality. However, during the interview without Arif present, Jobaer was rejected. When he questioned Arif, Arif cited the interviewers' opinion that Jobaer's profile was different than the open role. This highlights issues with lack of transparency, unfulfilled commitments, and distrust between management and employees. It also finds fault with the company's policy that gives interviewers sole decision power without feedback.
Effective Java - Override clone() method judiciously
Effective Java - Override clone() method judiciously Ferdous Mahmud Shaon The document discusses the Cloneable interface and cloning objects in Java. It covers shallow cloning vs deep cloning and the problems that can arise from mutable fields. The key points are:
- Cloneable is a marker interface with no methods, clone() is defined in Object.
- By default, clone() performs a shallow clone, so mutable fields still refer to the original object.
- To deep clone, override clone() to also clone any mutable fields.
- Alternatively, provide a copy constructor or factory method instead of relying on cloning.
Composite Design Pattern
Composite Design PatternFerdous Mahmud Shaon The composite design pattern allows clients to treat both individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly. It composes objects into tree structures to represent part-whole hierarchies. The pattern allows clients to ignore the difference between compositions of objects and individual objects. This makes it possible to treat both kinds of objects uniformly.
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Effective Java - Always override toString() method
- 1. Effective Java - Item 9 By Ferdous Mahmud Shaon and Hasan Shihab Uddin Software Engineer, Escenic Bangladesh.
- 2. Item 9 :: Always override toString() While java.lang.Object provides an implementation of the toString() method, the string that it returns is generally not what the user of your class wants to see. It consists of the class name followed by an “at” sign (@) and the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code, For example, “PhoneNumber@163b91”
- 3. Always override toString() - contd But the returned string should be: “a concise but informative representation that is easy for a person to read.” “ PhoneNumber@163b91” is concise and easy to read, it is not very informative when compared to “(408) 867-5309”. So, it is recommended that all subclasses of java.lang.Object should override this method.
- 4. Always override toString() - contd providing a good toString implementation makes your class much more pleasant to use . The toString method is automatically invoked when any object is passed to println method or the string concatenation operator (+). System.out.println("Failed to connect: " + phoneNumber); Without a good toString() implementation, the above output won’t be intelligible.
- 5. Always override toString() - contd The toString method should return all of the interesting information contained in the object, as in the phone number example just shown: area code, exchange, extension. But it is impractical if the object is large . In that case, the toString method should return a summary such as “Manhattan white pages (1487536 listings)”
- 6. Always override toString() - contd One important decision you'll have to make when implementing a toString method is whether to specify the format of the return value in the documentation . The advantage of specifying the format in the documentation is that it serves as a standard , unambiguous , human-readable representation of the object.
- 7. Always override toString() - contd
- 8. Always override toString() - contd If you specify the format, it's usually a good idea to provide a matching String constructor , so that programmers can easily translate back and forth between the object and its string representation. public final class PhoneNumber { private final int areaCode; private final int exchange; private final int extension; public PhoneNumber(int areaCode, int exchange, int extension) { this.areaCode = areaCode; this.exchange = exchange; this.extention = extention; }
- 9. Always override toString() - contd The disadvantage of specifying the format of the toString return value is that once you've specified it, you're stuck with it for life . If you want to change the format in the future release, you'll have to break the code. So if format is not specified , you preserve the flexibility to add information or improve the format in a subsequent release. Whether or not you decide to specify the format, you should clearly document your intentions. If you specify the format, you should do so precisely.
- 10. Thank You