Effects of global climate change on human life

Saurav Singhania (15030122031)
Ayushi Goel (15030122099)
Geetha Ragiphani (15030122050)
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE
CHANGE ON HUMAN LIFE
RISING TEMPERATURE IN INDIA

1
Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 2
Background........................................................................................................................................ 2
Problem Definition.............................................................................................................................. 2
Objectives .......................................................................................................................................... 3
Literature Review................................................................................................................................... 3
Variables............................................................................................................................................ 4
Relationship among Variables............................................................................................................ 5
Methodolgy............................................................................................................................................ 6
Research Design................................................................................................................................ 6
Data Collection Method...................................................................................................................... 7
Data Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 8
Purpose of Data Analysis................................................................................................................ 9
Other Areas of study due to heat...................................................................................................... 10
Results ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Maximum Temperature .................................................................................................................... 11
ANOVA......................................................................................................................................... 11
Scatter chart ................................................................................................................................. 11
Number of Heat Deaths.................................................................................................................... 12
Clustered Column Chart ............................................................................................................... 12
Comparison of Max. Temperature with Number of Deaths ............................................................... 12
Limitations ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Recommendation................................................................................................................................. 14
Conclusion........................................................................................................................................... 14
References .......................................................................................................................................... 15

2
INTRODUCTION
In this research we are focusing on how the Rising Temperatures affects the human life
which leads to heat deaths and also effects human health. There are many effects of
climate changes on human life all over the world. But here we are focusing on a
specific climate change effect called ‘Rising Temperatures’ which leads to heat deaths
and also effects human health. This effect may have different reasons behind it
depending upon geographical location.
When people are exposed to extreme heat, they can suffer from potentially deadly
heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Heat is the global
leading weather-related killer, even though most heat-related deaths are preventable
through outreach and intervention.
The research will help us to figure out, how to deal with the heat waves, as the high
temperatures are not going away any time soon and also to find out the reason behind
increasing in the number of heat deaths globally.
Background
The research study was conducted to focus on the environmental effects on human life.
This research study has been done conducted after observing many heat deaths
especially in the phase of March-May which is considered as the phase of more
temperature in country like India. The study has been done to observe the patterns that
have been repeating for the decades.
Problem Definition
The research focuses on, how the changing climate is effecting the human health in
many ways, which results in different types of human health problems. Such as Heat
exhaustion reaction has symptoms such as dizziness, headache and fainting. And
similarly other variables effects human health, resulting in different types of diseases or
else death. It also discusses about how the temperature varies from place to place all

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over the world. The moment a person step into oppressive heat, the body senses life-
threatening danger and starts fighting to keep things cool.
And it also has a purpose that how the factors have to be brought under human control
that are responsible for the unusual changes in environment? We could reduce the
climate change by controlling over the industrial pollution, air pollution, or also planting
new trees and using 3R’s scientific methods.
Objectives
Objective of research is to find distinct unusual effects of temperature on the life of
human beings. The research has been conducted to show the various unhealthy effects
that have been generated by heat. This research study would help many researchers in
drawing out conclusions that would improve the environment human friendly. This also
shows various variables that have to be worked upon to keep the temperature near to
optimum. The variables that influence the global temperature are global warming,
greenhouse gas effect, heat effect, ozone depletion.
LITERATURE REVIEW
There are many effects of climate changes on human life all over the world. But here
we are focusing on a specific climate change effect called ‘Rising Temperatures’ which
leads to heat deaths and also effects human health. This effect may have different
reasons behind it depending upon geographical location.
When people are exposed to extreme heat, they can suffer from potentially deadly
heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Heat is the global
leading weather-related killer, even though most heat-related deaths are preventable
through outreach and intervention.
The research will help us to figure out, how to deal with the heat waves, as the high
temperatures are not going away any time soon and also to find out the reason behind

4
Variables
1. Heat waves
2. Greenhouse Gas
3. Global Warming
4. Ozone Depletion
Heat Waves:
Heat waves is considered as a duration where the environment has more humidity and
remains warmer than usual during the nights. Heat waves are responsible for many
deaths that mostly occur in summer globally. Our study focuses how number of
sickness cases due to heat increase with the abrupt rise of temperature.
Greenhouse Gas:
Greenhouse gas effect acts as a major cause for the initiation of global warming where
an ultimate effect falls on the health of human beings as mankind are sensitive abrupt
environment changes. The gases which cause emission of greenhouse gases are
methane, chlorine, fluorine, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide etc. The increase in the
amount of these gases in the environment increases the global temperature that lead to
many sicknesses like dizziness, dehydration, skin allergies etc.
Global Warming:
Global warming poses an unprecedented threat to our environment and our economy.
It kills thousands of people through its effect every year and many numbers of people
are dying from “side-effects” of climate changes, such as malaria and malnutrition, as
researcher says it can get doubled in upcoming decades.
Ozone Depletion:
The decreasing thickness of ozone layer results in the fall of UV rays directly on the
humans resulting in various skin related diseases which may lead to even deaths
sometimes. The ozone layer is depleted by chloro flouro hydrocarbons (CFC) which are
emitted into the atmosphere that reach the ozone layer in stratosphere and depletes it.

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Relationship among Variables
Relation between Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Gases & Global Warming:
The reason for the warming up of earth is not only that heat from the sun is being
directly hitting the earth through the ozone layer. However there are fewer connections
between the two problems that have to be highlighted.
Firstly there are CFC s and HCF s which are greenhouse gases while ozone layer
comprises greenhouse gases as well as it acts as an absorber of solar radiation.
Therefore changes in the concentrations of greenhouse gases affect the radiation that
is being entered into the atmosphere.
Secondly the loss of ozone layer is very sensitive to the local existing temperature
and humidity which are effected by climate change that results in the ozone depletion
as well.
Some climatic changes that affect the ozone layer are connected to Arctic ozone
levels. The effects are both chemical and dynamical. The chemical effects relate
primarily to inflating concentrations of methane and stratospheric water vapor directly
effecting the chemical reaction that take place in the atmosphere. Moreover
stratospheric frost which is caused by increasing co2 has an impact on many risky
ozone destroying reactions.
The dynamic changes are planetary and gravity wave activity which are connected to
convection, jet streams and many other also affect momentum balance in the
stratosphere and balances Brewer- Dobson overturning circulation. Consequently
changes to those can possibly affect the stratospheric circulation and hence change the
stratospheric winds and stability. These dynamic effects often lead to changes in
temperature especially high altitudes and are much greater than any radioactive
change that is possibly effecting the strength of polar vortex.
Relation between Greenhouse Gases & Global Warming:
The greenhouse effect is when all the CO2 and other pollution get caught up in the
atmosphere and keeps the heat there. This is what causes the Greenhouse effect.
Carbon dioxide in atmosphere plays a very important role in environment.
When we burn fossil fuel (coal, oil and natural gas) then extra Carbon dioxide released
in the atmosphere. This extra Carbon dioxide is too much for the carbon cycle to deal
with and it's causing global warming.

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METHODOLGY
The data for research has been collected from IMD, and then we used MS EXCEL tools
i.e. its Data Analysis tools for further calculations and results. The one of the data
Analysis tool that is ANOVA helped us to find out the variances for each of the four
phases of months for 15 years. And also used the different Excel diagrams & charts
tools to graphically represent our data & results.
Research Design
The research details of Study-
1. Purpose of the study- Hypothesis Testing
2. Types of Investigation- Correlational
3. Study Setting- Non contrived
4. Population to be studied- Groups
5. Time Horizon- Multiple cross Sectional
6. Extend of researcher interface- Minimal
Our project study is a Hypothesis Testing, as it explains the nature of certain
relationships, or establish the differences among groups or the independence of two or
more factors in a situation. In our study, it will explain the relationships between
variables (heat deaths, global warming, greenhouse gas and ozone layer) and how
they are independent of two or more factors in this situation.
The type of investigation that has to be carried out in our research design is
Correlational study as it explains relationship among the variables in form of question
that is “how changes in the climate and human health are correlated?”
The study setting for our research design is Non-contrived as it discusses about the
natural climate variation which is a normally occurring event.
The population to be studied in our research study is Groups as we are focusing on
different kinds of people from various places.

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Data Collection Method
For the research we have used the secondary data, which has been collected from
different websites, but the entire data are from the same source of IMD (Indian
Meteorological Department) & Ministry of Earth Sciences. The data has been used to
figure out the results for the research and has not been manipulated. This data has
helped us to get the insights and to analyze & compare the information. The data which
has been used are:
Maximum Temperature of INDIA from 2000 to 2014:
Years MAR-MAY JUN_SEP OCT_DEC JAN_FEB
2000 32.22 31.25 28.53 24.82
2001 32.61 31.62 28.13 25.88
2002 33.06 32.02 28.36 25.37
2003 32.05 31.72 27.7 25.32
2004 32.69 31.42 27.65 25.47
2005 31.84 31.84 27.5 24.96
2006 32.08 31.39 27.78 27.44
2007 32.32 31.4 28.03 25.73
2008 32.11 31.28 28.29 24.72
2009 32.57 32.24 27.96 26.51
2010 33.47 31.43 27.78 25.96
2011 32.07 31.55 28.23 25.33
2012 32.33 31.77 27.88 25.03
2013 32.58 31.33 27.83 25.58
2014 31.82 32 27.81 24.9

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Number of Deaths (Male &
Female)
Year
No. of Deaths
Total
Male Female
2010 1041 233 1274
2011 626 167 793
2012 1019 228 1247
2013 1004 212 1216
2014 1036 212 1248
Data Analysis
The data of maximum temperature recorded in past 15 years i.e. 2000-2014 is
collected from “Ministry of home affairs and IMD”. The data of Maximum temperature in
India & Number of Deaths occurred due to excess heat has been used for analysis.
Various insights were drawn out after analyzing the data using a statistical tool called
“ANOVA”. The statistical analysis resulted in the following conclusions.
Insights drawn for Maximum temperatures Data Using ANOVA & Scatter Chart:
1. We have used ANOVA to find out the variance between 15 years within the 4
Phases.
2. The phase Jan-Feb has been resulted in Maximum Variance.
3. The phase Oct-Dec has been resulted in Minimum Variance.
4. Every year, Mar-May shows the maximum average temperature.
5. Scatter Chart helped us to know the frequent changes in weather in past few years.
6. Oct-Dec has the stable average temperature during the period, as per the
observation.
7. Jan-Feb has the fluctuating average temperature i.e. with high variance.

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Insights drawn from Comparison between Temp. & Deaths data:
1. 2010 has maximum average temperature from 2010 to 2014.
2. Maximum number of deaths have occurred in 2010 where high temperature has
been considered as the reason.
3. Least number of deaths have occurred in 2011 although the 2011 doesn't have least
temperature.
4. Mar-May has been the phase of each year where maximum temperature has
recorded when compared to other seasons in the respective year.
5. From the above data we observe that number of deaths and average temperature
are not directly related.
6. Scatter Chart shows that, 2012-2014 the number of heat deaths are at same range,
as it can also be seen in same period of heat temperature.
The data of deaths on the basis of gender was also collected for the past 5 years i.e.
from 2010-2014. The analysis resulted in the following conclusions:
1. More number of male deaths have occurred than female deaths.
2. 2011 has the least number of heat deaths than 2010.
PURPOSE OF DATA ANALYSIS
The data was analyzed to see the effect of heat on human life and to obtain the
information of temperature effect on the basis of gender. The data analysis also
resulted in the maximum temperature that is sustainable by the mankind depending
upon their living habits.
The analysis helped in comparing the data of rising temperature and number of deaths
which explains, how the increasing temperature can lead to increasing number of
deaths. And for some instance this possibility may go wrong too i.e. we observed that in
2011 the higher temperature didn’t lead to high number of deaths.

10
Other Areas of study due to heat
Temperature effect on animals:
The research study is also conducted to examine how other living beings are effected
by the rising temperature leading to fatal sickness. Animals in zoo also show distinct
signs of discomfort. Human beings are not the only one who try to keep themselves
cool amidst the summer, animals also have to find ways to protect themselves from the
mounting temperature. Animals also suffer from humidity and lack of clean water which
often lead to dehydration, dizziness etc.
To protect zoo animals from overheat they should be protected by coolants like
sprinklers, foggers etc. They also should be kept way from industrial pollution, vehicle
pollution which otherwise lead them to death.
Temperature effects on vegetation:
Rate of plant growth is dependent on the temperature surrounding it and each species
have a specific temperature range represented by minimum, maximum and optimum.
Plants react to extreme heat especially in the phonological stage i.e. the stage of
development.
RESULTS
The results show that how precautions should be taken for various variables that are
responsible for rising temperature. These variables have to be brought under human
control to prevent the reaction of unusual temperature on the living beings globally. The
study shows us many solutions such as how trees should be protected to keep the
environment cool, how necessary it is to provide drinking water to human beings and
animals. It tell us the importance of reducing various kinds of pollution in order to keep
the environment pleasant and fresh. The results of the study mean that rising
temperature can be controlled by practicing pollution free activities such as avoiding the
use of plastic, more fuel, deforestation, drinking insufficient amount of water, polluting
air with the usage of vehicles etc.
The research has also helped us to figure out, how to deal with the heat waves, as the
high temperatures are not going away any time soon and also the reason behind

11
Maximum Temperature
ANOVA
Anova: Single Factor
SUMMARY
Groups Count Average Variance
MAR-MAY 15 32.388 0.205674286
JUN-SEP 15 31.61733333 0.092035238
OCT-DEC 15 27.964 0.084725714
JAN-FEB 15 25.53466667 0.514526667
Here we can observe that, ANOVA has analyzed the data and has identified the groups
who have maximum & minimum variance. Therefore, the period of Jan-Feb has highest
number of variance between its temperatures within the 15 years. And similarly, the
Oct-Dec has the least number of variance.
SCATTER CHART

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Scatter Chart shows us that, the temperature of phase of Jan – Feb fluctuate more than
other phases, as it relates to ANOVA result i.e. having high number of variance. And
so, Oct – Dec has the stable temperature within the 15 years i.e. it is having the least
number of variance.
Number of Heat Deaths
CLUSTERED COLUMN CHART
The data of deaths was also analyzed on the basis of gender for the past 5 years i.e.
from 2010-2014. The analysis identified that more number of male deaths have
occurred than female deaths due to of high heat temperature.
Comparison of Max. Temperature with Number of Deaths
Table of data merged of both the variables:

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Comparison Between Heat Temperature & Number of Deaths
per year
Year
Heat
Average
MAR-MAY
Total No.
of Death
2010 29.66 33.47 1274
2011 29.295 32.07 793
2012 29.2525 32.33 1247
2013 29.33 32.58 1216
2014 29.1325 31.82 1248
The comparison of both the data has helped us to understand the relation of rising
temperature that leads to increasing number of deaths, which can be observe in the
table i.e. 2010 having highest temperature lead to highest number of deaths, and
similarly happened in 2012, 2013 & 2014. But in 2011, having the least number of heat
deaths than 2010, which proofs negative result that the rising temperature may not
always lead to increasing number of deaths.
LIMITATIONS
1. It was possible to collect data till 2014.
2. The conclusion could not satisfy the direction relation between Increasing
temperature and deaths.
3. It was stereotypical to say that more men died than female as men work outside.
4. No primary data could be collected as it was a research based on occurred
environmental changes from decades.

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RECOMMENDATION
This research is useful in helping out the researchers with the description of root of the
problem. It recommends researchers, weather analysts with various conclusions drawn
out from data analysis for the past 15 years and categories of heat deaths for the past 5
years. The research recommends human beings to protect themselves from excess
heat by practicing good life habits and environment protection activities.
CONCLUSION
Our research study’s objective is to show how changes in temperature effect the life of
human beings in terms of health. The study also shows how various natural and
unnatural factors are responsible for the abrupt rise and fall of global temperature. We
observed several identical patterns from the past few years that how quickly human
body reacts to temperature unfavorably causing sickness, even deaths sometimes.
This study helps us to protect ourselves from various sources of temperature which
leads us to fatal effects of sickness and how these variables are brought under human
control to reduce the effects of heat on human life.
This research will help us to analyze the fluctuations in weather patterns and death
rates from past-decades to characterize the associations between temperature and
mortality. Regional variations in temperature also leads to different number of death
rates. The most direct way in which climate change is expected to result in heat deaths
relates to changes in mortality rates associated with ambient temperature.

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REFERENCES
[1] D. Murthy, Environmental Awareness and Protection, New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications Pvt.
Ltd., 2004.
[2] A. Dutta, Environment Issues and Challenges, New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation, 2005.
[3] Sivasakthivel.T, "Ozone Layer Depletion and Its Effects: A," ijesd.org, 2010.
[4] S. Singh, Environmental Geography, Allahabad: Prayag Pustak Bhawan, 2008.
[5] V. Mohan, "Greenhouse gases: India fourth biggest emitter, but lags far behind top three," The
Times of India, p. 1, 25 June 2015.
[6] P. D. SHARMA, "Global Warming, greenhouse gases and their harmful effects – Urgent reduction
of these are essential to save our environment:," Saferenvironment Wordpress, p. 1, 2008.
[7] W. -. W. H. Organization, "CLIMATE CHANGE AND HUMAN HEALTH - RISK AND
RESPONSES".
[8] K. Chan, "The greenhouse effect: altering the climate with CO2," odec.ca, 2008.
[9] J. A., "India Record-Breaking Heatwave Kills Hundreds, Destroys Crops," natureworldnews, 25
May 2016.
[10] A. C. a. S. Breslin, "“330 Million Impacted By India Heat Wave That Has Killed At Least 160”,"
Weather.com , 2016.
[11] Wikipedia, "2015 Indian heat wave," Wikipedia, 2015.
[12] D. Sandink, "Reducing heat-wave risk," iclr.org, 2013.
[13] G. Gould, "The Impact of Global Warming on Human Fatality Rates".Scientific American.
[14] Gianamam, "“Global Warming & Climate Change”," Laugondodi, 2012.
[15] P. Nicklen, "What Is Global Warming?," nationalgeographic.
[16] J. Nandi, "Ozone layer that started depleting in 1980s healing," timesofindia.indiatimes, 11 Sep
2014.
[17] R. Inani, "“More Than 2,300 People Have Now Died in India’s Heat Wave”," 2015.

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