Effects of lifestyle on incidence of colorectal cancer
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The document discusses the significant impact of lifestyle factors on the prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC), highlighting its rising incidence and mortality rates, particularly in the Western world. Key associations include poor dietary habits, obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, all contributing to increased CRC risk. Preventive strategies such as screening, lifestyle modifications, and public health policies are emphasized as essential measures to mitigate mortality from CRC.
Effects of lifestyle on incidence of colorectal cancer
- 1. EFFECTS OF LIFESTYLE ON PREVALENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER PRESENTER CHRISTA MARIA JOEL- B00495281
- 2. OUTLINE Introduction to colorectal cancer Epidemiology of colorectal cancer- Prevalence Association of diet with colorectal cancer Association of obesity and physical inactivity with colorectal cancer Association of lifestyle habits with colorectal cancer Global, national and local policies for colorectal cancer Preventive strategies Conclusion References
- 3. INTRODUCTION • “Colorectal cancer” (CRC) – progressive cancer, slow onset, tumor on the inner lining of the rectum or large intestine (American Cancer Society, 2016). • Rare in 1950, predominant cancer now , accounts for 10% of cancer-related mortality in the western world (Ferlay et al., 2015).
- 4. EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COLORECTAL CANCER- PREVALENCE • Second most common cancer in females; third most common cancer in males (Kuipers et al., 2015). • In UK: 42,886 cases of CRC; 16,571 deaths due to CRC. ( Cancer Research UK, 2020). • In Scotland: 3800 cases recorded; 1743 deaths recorded (Public Health Scotland, 2020)
- 5. (Ferlay et al., 2020)
- 6. ASSOCIATION OF DIET WITH COLORECTAL CANCER • Red and processed meats; cooking in high temperature; smoking of the meat: contributory factors for CRC (Chan et al., 2011). • Calcium, fiber, Vitamin D, fruits and vegetables- protective against CRC(Song, Garrett, Chan, 2015).
- 7. ASSOCIATION OF OBESITY & PHYSICAL INACTIVITY WITH COLORECTAL CANCER • PHYSICAL INACTIVITY: Physically active individuals- 25% less chance of developing CRC; sedentary individuals- 50% increased risk of developing CRC (Rawla, Sunkara, Barsouk, 2019). • OBESITY: 5-kg weight increment - 3% increased risk of CRC (Karahalios et al., 2016).
- 8. ASSOCIATION OF LIFESTYLE HABITS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER • SMOKING: Carcinogens in tobacco smoke- molecular abnormalities (Limsui et al., 2010). Smoking cessation- improved survival (Ordonez-Mena et al., 2018). • ALCOHOL: Moderate to heavy alcohol consumption- increased risk of CRC (Bagnardi et al., 2015). 2–3 alcoholic beverages - 20% increased risk, more than three drinks- increased risk of 40% (Fedriko et al., 2011).
- 9. GLOBAL, NATIONAL AND LOCAL POLICIES World Health Organization (WHO): Primordial prevention, detection, diagnosis management, palliative care (WHO, 2021). NICE Guidelines in UK: Recognition of risk factors, referral, information and support, diagnostics, treatment, palliative care (NICE Guidelines, 2020). Bowel Cancer Framework for Scotland: Lifestyle interventions, chemoprevention, population screening and surveillance of high-risk groups (Scottish Government, 2004).
- 10. PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES • SCREENING: Age group- 50 to 75 years, fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy (WHO, 2021). • LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION: More of fish, fiber, minerals (Gorham et al., 2005), exercise, (Baena, Salinas, 2015). Less of alcohol, smoking, red and processed meat (Chan et al., 2011). • FAMILY OR COMMUNITY SUPPORT: Motivation for screening, exercise, healthy diet (Breitkopf et al., 2014).
- 11. CONCLUSION • Colorectal cancer - one of the most common, deadly carcinomas; incidence and prevalence likely to increase in the coming years (Bray et al., 2018). • CRC exacerbated by poor dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, smoking and alcohol consumption . • Lifestyle modifications, screening and early diagnosis - major decrease in mortality and will do so in the future (Rawla, Sunkara, Barsouk, 2019).
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