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Efficient IoT solutions based on
LoRaWAN,	The	Things	Network	and	Mbed	OS
Jan	Jongboom	/	Johan	Stokking	
Etteplan		roadshow	
20	-	21	February	2019
2
Your	hosts
Jan	Jongboom	
Principal Developer Evangelist, Arm
22
Johan	Stokking	
CTO, The Things Industries
3
The	case	for	LoRa
Powerconsumption/Bandwidth
Range
4
10kilometers range years of battery life
Efficient IoT solutions based on LoRaWAN, The Things Network and Mbed OS
LoRa	PHYsics

crash-course
7
High	link	budget
TX
P (dBm)
RX
Derived	from	work	by	Thomas	Telkamp
TX	Power
Connector	loss
Antenna	gain
Connector	loss
Antenna	gain
RX	Power
Path	loss	and	fading
14
0
-100
Receiver	sensitivity
-137	dBm
14	dBm151	dBm	link	budget
8
Link	budget
Wi-Fi
Sub-GHz 6LoWPAN
LoRa
TX	Power RX	Sensitivity Link	budget
20 dBm -75 dBm 95	dBm
11 dBm -110 dBm 121	dBm
14 dBm -137 dBm 151	dBm
9
Theoretical	maximum	in	free	space
2.4	GHz,	with	95.5	dBm	link	budget:

550	meters	
915	MHz,	with	151	dBm	link	budget:

850,000	meters
10
11
Unfortunately...	we	don't	live	in	free	space
Attenuation Reflection and diffraction Fresnel zone
Based	on	Tokyo	-	model	for	calculating	realistic	path	loss
Picture by Moyan Brenn: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_(16043023330).jpg
Hata	model
Large city (250 bps)
Large city (1,760 bps)
Suburb (250 bps)
TX	height RX	height Range
0.1 m 40 m 4	km
0.1 m 40 m 2.5	km
0.1 m 40 m 9	km
Suburb (250 bps) 1 m 100 m 13	km
What	is	LoRaWAN?
14
LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN	is	a	standardized,	bi-directional	messaging	protocol	on	top	of	LoRa	modulation;	the	
physical	layer	
In	the	data	link	layer,	LoRaWAN	manages	channels,	data

rates	and	executes	MAC	commands	
LoRaWAN	messages	contain	device	addresses	and	the	server

selects	gateways	for	downlink	in	the	network	layer	
The	server	and	device	keep	track	of	frame	counters	and

perform	a	message	integrity	check	in	the	transport	layer	
LoRaWAN’s	over	the	air	activation	(OTAA)	manages	the

creation	of	a	new	session	with	security	context	
LoRaWAN	encrypts	application	payload	but	does	not	prescribe

a	binary	payload	format	to	use
15
Device	classes
Flexibility	in	power	conservation	versus	fast	network	initiated	transmission
Class	A	😴	 Class	B	⏰	 Class	C	⚡
Device	initiated	communication	
Devices	are	typically	in	deep	
sleep	and	send	messages	on	
intervals	and/or	events	
Only	after	uplink	transmission,	
there	is	a	receive	window	for	
downlink	messages	
Best	for	most	sensor	
applications	and	battery	
conservation
Time	synchronized	
communication	
The	network	broadcasts	beacons	
for	devices	to	sync	time	
In	so-called	ping	slots,	devices	
wake	up	and	the	network	may	
send	downlink	messages	
Best	for	most	downlink	intensive	
applications
Network	initiated	
communication	
The	devices	are	continuously	
listening,	often	temporarily	or	
on	power	supply	
The	network	can	send	downlink	
message	at	any	given	time	
Best	for	downlink	intensive	
applications	that	require	low	
latencies
16
Typical	LoRaWAN	Topology
Network	Session	Key:	Message	Integrity
Applicadon	Session	Key:	Join,	Encrypdon	and	Decrypdon
Devices Gateways Network	Server User

ApplicaXon
ApplicaXon	
Server
17
18
Limitations
Arm's	IoT	offering
20
IoT	gets	complicated	quickly
TLS,	low	bandwidth
Identity
Key	storage
Bootloader Updates
Provisioning
Transfer	of	ownership
Gateway
Factory	tooling
Your system
IoT	gets	complicated	quickly	-	do	it	yourself
21
TLS,	low	bandwidth
Identity
Key	storage
Bootloader Updates
Provisioning
Transfer	of	ownership
Gateway
Factory	tooling
Your system
Mbed OS
Arm Pelion
TLS,	low	bandwidth
Identity
Key	storage
Bootloader Updates
Provisioning
Transfer	of	ownership
Gateway
Factory	tooling
Your system
22
IoT	gets	complicated	quickly	-	license	from	Arm
Secure	connectivity-	and	management	

from	chip	to	cloud,	
during	the	full	life	time	of	the	device
Mbed	OS	5	-	
Unified	security	and	connectivity
25
LoRaWAN	is	evolving...
New	security	principles	
(join servers, root keys)
Firmware	Updates	
now standardized
Device	Management	
ongoing work
Complexity
https://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/5266523
26
Bootloader
Asymmetric	crypto
Storage	driver
Resilient	filesystem
Advanced	

LoRaWAN	stack
Radio	drivers
FlashIAP
Update	clientPower	management
Parts	required	in	an	IoT	device
27
Arm	Mbed
A	free,	open	source	Platform	OS	targeting	IoT	end	node	devices	
Mbed	
OS
Cortex-M	
RTOS

kernel
Portable

drivers
Integrated

security
IoT

connectivity
Device	
management
Development	
tools
Developer	
community
Partner	
ecosystem
150	development	boards
LoRa,	BLE,	Cellular,	Wi-Fi,	etc.
27
28
Open	source	and	community	built
325,000	developers	
70+	partners	
Apache	2.0	licensed	
https://os.mbed.com
29
Built	with	Mbed
LightGrid Smart Speakers Tilt monitor Beacons Parking sensor Gateway EV Charger Ocean Connect
Asset tracker Gateway Smart City Luminaire Patient tracker
Industrial
sensor Smart city bins Parking barrier
Electric meter
Pedometer Street light Smart shelf Agriculture
Water sensor Submarine
Factory
humidity
Air vent Food allergy
Indoor
positioning Door lock
City mapping
Office lighting
Mbed	OS	

and LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN	in	the	Mbed	community
Which	connectivity	do	you	plan	to	use	in	the	coming	year?
Source:	https://os.mbed.com/blog/entry/Results-of-the-Mbed-Developer-Survey-201/
Mbed	OS	LoRaWAN	stack
LoRaWAN	versions	
1.0.2,	1.0.3*,	1.1*	
Class	support	
A	&	C	
Radios	supported	
SX1272,	SX1276	
Features	
Firmware	updates	
Channel	plans	
Highly	configurable	
Better	reception	at	low	data	rates
*	in	branch
The	numbers
RAM ROM
Typical	microcontroller:	32K	RAM	/	256K	Flash	
Stack	is	fully	tuneable	
Minimum	configuration	(includes	everything):	
6K	of	RAM,	65K	of	ROM	
Optional:	offload	crypto	to	external	module	
*	Measured	on	NUCLEO-F411RE	with	SX1276	
19% 25%
Cryptography
TLS
In	software With	external	crypto	engine
Testing
~1,150	functional	tests	
Test	farm	of	>800	devices	
40,000	hours	of	testing	on	real	hardware	per	release	
Pre-certified	for	LoRaWAN	1.0.2	
http://www.redwoodcomm.com/product/01.php
The	secret	behind	LoRaWAN's	battery	life...
😴
Automatic	sleep	management
DISCO-L475VG	with	SX1276	LoRa	radio,	MBED_TICKLESS	enabled
Developing	for	Mbed	OS
39https://os.mbed.com/platforms
40
LoRa	radio
SX1272	/	SX1276	shieldTarget	with	built-in	radio
41
Three	development	environments
Online	compiler Mbed	CLI Offline	IDE
C:> mbed
42
Getting	started	-	Online	Compiler
Import https://github.com/ArmMbed/mbed-os-example-lorawan
43
Getting	started	-	Mbed	CLI
Install	Mbed	CLI:	https://github.com/armmbed/mbed-cli	
$	mbed	import	mbed-os-example-lorawan
Efficient IoT solutions based on LoRaWAN, The Things Network and Mbed OS
Efficient IoT solutions based on LoRaWAN, The Things Network and Mbed OS
Developing	on	
The	Things	Network
Efficient IoT solutions based on LoRaWAN, The Things Network and Mbed OS
Efficient IoT solutions based on LoRaWAN, The Things Network and Mbed OS
49
Community	Map
The	Things	Network	has	more	than	900	communities	in	137	countries
50
The	Things	Network	Stack	V3
Released	early	2019,	The	Things	
Network	Stack	V3	is	a	next	
generation	LoRaWAN	server	stack.	
It	is	available	open	source	for	
private	networks.	
We	will	migrate	the	community	
network	in	Q3	2019.
51
In progress or RFP
$%&'
()*+
The Things Network Foundation
+*,-
Open Network Infrastructure Association
.
Meshed
/
The	Things	Network	community	network
The	Things	Network	has	more	than	900	communities	in	137	countries
52
The	Things	Industries
The	Things	Industries	is	a	key	provider	of	private	LoRaWAN	networks.	Our	enterprise	
grade	network	server	is	trusted	by	over	100	customers	for	production	networks,	across	a	
range	of	industries.	
The	Things	Industries	is	the	enabler	of	The	Things	Network,	world’s	largest	open	and	free,	
crowd	sourced	LoRaWAN	network.
Efficient IoT solutions based on LoRaWAN, The Things Network and Mbed OS
Efficient IoT solutions based on LoRaWAN, The Things Network and Mbed OS
55
Getting	started
1. Create	an	account

https://account.thethingsnetwork.org/register	
2. Start	adding	devices	and	create	applications	from	the	console

https://console.thethingsnetwork.org	
3. Learn	about	LoRaWAN	from	the	Docs	and	go	through	the	commonly	asked	questions	on	the	Forum

https://forum.thethingsnetwork.org	
4. Follow	the	webinar	series	on	YouTube

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCv85CXnZUXEKnlZpQapTAwQ
One	more	thing...
Efficient IoT solutions based on LoRaWAN, The Things Network and Mbed OS
58
http://mbed.com/js
Efficient IoT solutions based on LoRaWAN, The Things Network and Mbed OS
60
Google:	"firmware	updates	lorawan"
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0NoshDOqmdM
Let's	build	this	thing	together!
Recap
LoRaWAN	is	awesome	
Remember	the	limitations	
Mbed	OS,	The	Things	Network	and	Etteplan	are	here	to	help!
Thank	You!	
Danke!	
Merci!	
谢谢!	
ありがとう!	
Gracias!	
Kiitos!	
감사합니다	
धन्यवाद
63
Jan	Jongboom	/	Johan	Stokking	
Slides:	http://janjongboom.com
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