EIA 2013.pptx
- 1. Occupational Standard: Natural Resources Conservation and Development Level III Unit Title:- Undertake Environmental Impact Assessment Unit Code AGR NCD3 03 0715 12/28/2022 1
- 2. This competence covers: understanding the detail process of the proposed project and its interaction with environment locally analyzing the impacts (positive and negative) of each activities of the proposed project to the environment, identifying of the mitigation measures (avoid, reduce, replace, restore and compensate) and their implementation procedures and system of auditing the compliance/fulfillment. To do these; It requires knowledge of environmental law, policies and regulation; environmental management techniques, environmental valuation, sustainable development, system thinking, carrying out cost benefit analysis. 12/28/2022 2
- 3. (EIA) – The systematic, reproducible and interdisciplinary identification, prediction and evaluation, mitigation and management of impacts from a proposed development and its reasonable alternatives -Is a formal process for identifying:- likely effects of activities or projects on the environment, and on human health and welfare -The process concerned with all types of impacts direct & indirect, short term & long term, adverse & beneficial and Cumulative 12/28/2022 3
- 4. Objectives of EIA Short term To improve the environmental design of the proposal; To Ensure the appropriate and efficient use of resources To identify appropriate measures for mitigating the potential impacts of the proposal; and To inform the process of decision-making by identifying the potentially significant environmental effects and risks of development proposals. 12/28/2022 4
- 5. Long term To promote sustainable development ◦ Economic benefit ◦ Social benefit Sustainable development ◦ Environmental benefit To protect human health and safety; To avoid irreversible changes and serious damage to the environment; To safeguard valued resources, natural areas and ecosystem components; and To enhance the social aspects of the proposal. 12/28/2022 5 Current Benefits Sustainab ly develope d Future Benefits
- 6. Purposive- EIA should meet its aim Certainty: The process and timing of the assessment adjust by all participants. Integrated (social, economic and biophysical aspects) Adaptive- focuses on the realities Rigorous- best practicable methodologies to address the impacts Credibility/Interdiscipli nary : Assessment is undertaken with professionalism and objectivity. Cost- effectiveness/Efficient Accountability Practical Participative Transparency Relevant Focused - 12/28/2022 6
- 7. Acquisition of project proposal and EIA report EIA Report The EIA report should contain a brief introduction explaining the need for and context of the project. Contents:- Executive Summary Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework Description of the environment Description of the Proposed Project in detail Significant Environmental Impacts Socio-economic analysis of Project Impacts Identification and Analysis of Alternatives Mitigation Action/Mitigation Management Plan Environmental Management and Training Monitoring Program Public Involvement List of References Terms of Reference Consulting team composition Notes of Public Consultation sessions 12/28/2022 7
- 8. We will get the information that will be carried out during the project implementation from the EIS. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). -Is a comprehensive document that reports the findings of the EIA and required by law before a new project can proceed. usually prepared by the project on behalf of the proponent (usually by consultants), focuses on the issues most relevant to decision-making Types • Volume 1 - a comprehensive and concise document drawing together all relevant information regarding the development project; Non-Technical Summary (NTS) - a brief report of volume 1 in non-technical language that can easily be understood by the public; Volume 2 - a volume that contains a detailed assessment of the significant environmental effects. (Not necessary when there are no significant effects either before or after mitigation). 12/28/2022 8
- 9. The positive and negative interaction of activities with the environment To identify the interaction of activity Interdisciplinary team is important. Beneficial Impact Employment opportunity to local people Increase in income and Improve living standard for individual increase in agricultural products Impact on agro-based local economy Impact on landless farmers and small landholders Appreciation of Land Value Enhancement of technical skill Other 12/28/2022 9
- 10. Negative/ adverse impacts Land use Geology, topography and soils Hydrology and water quality Air quality Climate change Ecology: terrestrial and aquatic Noise and vibration Socio-economics Transport Landscape, visual quality Historic environment Recreation and amenity 12/28/2022 10
- 11. Initial Environmental Examination or Evaluation (IEE) is a report containing brief, preliminary evaluation of the types of impacts (direct & indirect, short term & long term, adverse & beneficial and Cumulative) that would result from an action. It often used as a screening process to assess whether or not proposals should undergo full scale EIA. It determine whether potentially adverse environmental effects are identified or whether mitigation measures can be adopted to reduce or eliminate these adverse effects. contains a brief statement of key environmental issues, used in the early (pre-feasibility) phase of project planning. It suggests whether or not depth studies are needed. The general objectives of IEE study should at least cover the following 12/28/2022 11
- 12. To provide information on the general environmental settings of the project area as baseline data; potential impacts of the project and the characteristic of the impacts, magnitude, distribution, who will be the affected group, and their duration; potential mitigation measures including mitigation costs; the best alternative project at most benefits and least costs in terms of financial, social, and environment. formulating management and monitoring plan 12/28/2022 12
- 13. water scarcity land degradation tropical forest clearance species loss and climate warming 12/28/2022 13 are global issues, they affect all countries are concentrated regionally and thus affect only certain countries Major environmental issues in developing regions Developing Countries Major Environmental Issues Africa desertification and soil degradation, declining food security, and increasing water scarcity Eastern Europe and Central Asia industrial pollution and contaminated land Latin America and the Caribbean the destruction of tropical forests and loss of biodiversity Middle East Desertification, nutrient deposition,air and water pollution
- 14. Another way of subdividing environmental issues is to group them under green and brown agendas. The green agenda focuses on natural resource management and environmental protection issues, such as rural land and water use, forestry and fisheries and habitat and species conservation. The brown agenda is concerned with issues of industrial pollution, waste management and urban development. 12/28/2022 14
- 15. Stakeholders – those who may be potentially affected benefited by a proposal. local people the proponent government agencies NGOs donors Decision makers experts 12/28/2022 15
- 16. Identification and determination of mitigation measures Mitigation:- Mitigation is the activity done to avoid, minimize or offset predicted adverse impacts. For each potential adverse impact the plan for its mitigation at each stage of the project should be documented and costed to be successful Mitigation measures must be translated into action in the correct way and at the right time A written plan should be prepared for this purpose, and includes a schedule of agreed actions 12/28/2022 16
- 17. Avoid, Replace, Reduce, Restore and Compensate Carrying out feasibility studies Cost benefit analysis (CBA)-A method of comparing alternative actions according to the relative costs incurred (technical, environmental and economic) and the relative benefits gained 12/28/2022 17
- 18. Develop Environmental Action Plan or Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plan (EMP) -is a detailed plan and schedule of measures necessary to minimize, mitigate, etc. any potential environmental impacts identified by the EIA. Should consist of a set of mitigation, monitoring, cost needed and institutional measures to be taken during the implementation and operation of the proposed project to eliminate adverse environmental impacts 12/28/2022 18
- 19. Impact management plan – A structured management plan that outlines the mitigation, monitoring and management requirements arising from an environmental impact assessment. For each potential adverse impact the plan for its mitigation at each stage of the project should be documented and its cost assessed. It is essential that these costs of mitigation be adequately assessed and be fully documented. 12/28/2022 19
- 20. Environmental monitoring is the systematic measurement of key environmental indicators over time within a particular geographic area (World Bank, 1999). Monitoring should focus on the most significant impacts identified in the EIA. Monitoring should be regular and performed over a long period of duration The main aim of EIA monitoring is providing information required to ensure the project implementation has to be the least possible negative impacts on the people and environment 12/28/2022 20
- 21. What to avoid in monitoring: Overestimation of data needed as this can lead to drowning in data without information. Under-estimation of time and cost for data analysis Weak coordination between the data collection with project time table and seasonal factors Ignoring requirements for baselines Types of monitoring. Baseline Monitoring: A survey should be conducted on basic environmental parameters in the area surrounding the proposed project before construction begins. Subsequent monitoring can assess the changes in those parameters over time against the baseline. 12/28/2022 21
- 22. Impact Monitoring: The biophysical and socio- economical (including public health) parameters within the project area, must be measured during the project construction and operational phases in order to detect environmental changes, which may have occurred as a result of project implementation e.g. air emission, dust, noise, water pollution etc (European Commission, 1999 Compliance Monitoring: This form of monitoring employs a periodic sampling method, or continuous recording of specific environmental quality indicators or pollution levels to ensure project compliance with recommended environmental protection standards 12/28/2022 22
- 23. The monitoring program should clearly state the: Institutional arrangements for carrying out the work Parameters to be monitored Methods to be employed Standards or guidelines to be used Evaluation of the results Schedule and duration of monitoring Initiation of action necessary to limit adverse impacts disclosed by monitoring Format and frequency of reporting 12/28/2022 23
- 24. Is a management tool comprising a systematic, documented, periodic and objective evaluation of the performance of the organization, management system and processes designed to protect the environment. Is the systematic examination of the interaction between any business operation and its surrounding; this includes all emissions to air, land and water legal constraints; the effects on the neighboring community, landscape and ecology; and the public's perception of the operating company in the local area. 12/28/2022 24
- 25. Goals of environmental auditing : Identify and document facility compliance status Improve overall environmental performance at facilities Assist facility management Increase environmental awareness throughout the company Identify and assess environmental risks Optimize Resources Provide assurance to senior management. 12/28/2022 25
- 26. compliance audit - the most common type of audit consisting of checks against environmental legislation and company policy; issues audit - an evaluation of how a company's activities relate to an environmental issue or (e.g. global pollution, energy use) or an evaluation of a specific issue (e.g. buildings, supplies); health and safety audit - an assessment of risks and contingency planning (sometimes merged with environmental auditing because of the interconnected impacts of industrial processes and hazards); site audit - an audit of a particular site to examine actual or potential environmental problems; corporate audit - an audit of the whole company and its polices, structures, procedures and practices; 12/28/2022 26
- 27. due diligence audit - an assessment of potential environmental and financial risks and liabilities carried out before a company merger or site acquisition or divestiture (e.g. contaminated land remediation costs); activity or operational audit - an assessment of activities that may cross company departments or units (e.g. energy or waste management) and Product or life cycle audit - an analysis of environmental impacts of a product throughout all stages of its design, production, use and disposal, including its reuse and recycling (cradle to grave). 12/28/2022 27
- 28. External audit - 'An assessment of the condition of the local environment, usually resulting in a State of the Environment Report Internal audit - consisting of two areas: 'Policy Impact Assessment - a review of the activities (objectives, services, practices and policies) of the authority' and 'Management Audit - a review of the procedures and structures by which environmental policies are managed by the authority'. 12/28/2022 28
- 29. Pre-audit stage full management commitment; setting overall goals, objectives, scope and priorities; selecting a team to ensure objectivity and professional competence; Audit stage on-site audit, well defined and systematic using protocols or checklists; review of documents and records; review of policies; interviews; site inspection; Post- audit stage evaluation of findings; reporting with recommendations; preparation of an action plan; and Follow-up. 12/28/2022 29 END