Electoral politics
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The document discusses electoral politics and elections in India. It provides background on state assembly elections in Haryana in 1987, where the opposition Lok Dal party formed by Chaudhary Devi Lal promised loan waivers and won a majority of seats. It then discusses why elections are needed to choose representatives and form governments, and what makes elections democratic, including universal adult suffrage, multiple parties/candidates, and conducting elections freely and fairly.
Electoral politics
- 2. WHY ELECTION? 1982- 1987 congress party ruled over Haryana. 1987-Next State assembly election in Haryana. Chaudhary devi lal of opposition party formed new party called lok dal. He struggle for justice (Nyaya yudh). Devi lal and his front joint election campaign. He promise to waive the loan of farmers and business man. Most people were attracted with his promised and won the majority vote i.e. 60 out of 90 seats. Lok dal won the state assembly and formed MLA who later elected Devi Lal as chief minister. After 3 days, with the declaration of chief minister he fulfilled his promised. His party ruled for 4 years. In next 1991 election, congress party took over the govt.
- 4. WHY DO WE NEED ELECTION? To choose people’s representative Representative to take a proper decision on all matters. Can choose who will make laws for them. Can choose who will form the government and take major decision. Can choose the party whose policies will guide the government and law making.
- 5. WHAT MAKES AN ELECTION DEMOCRATIC? Everyone should able to choose through voting right. Needs parties and candidates to contest an election. Should offer real choice to the people. Choice should offered regular after interval. Candidates preferred by people should get elected. Election should conduct through free and fair.
- 6. Home Work Questions 1. What do you understand by the term election? 2. Why do we have representative government in most democracies? 3. What is the mechanism by which people can choose their representatives and change them if they wish to? 4. Why do we need election? 5. What makes an election democratic? Give five reason.
- 7. Is it good to have political competition? ?
- 8. Merits of Election Political leaders know what is good for the people Try and Improve the knowledge and character of political leaders Set up system where political leaders were rewarded or punish by people.
- 9. Demerits of the Election Creates a sense of disunity and factionalism in every locality. Political leaders often accuse against one another. Party and candidates always use dirty tricks to win election. Some good people do not enter into this political argument as they do not wanted to be in unhealthy competition.
- 10. What is our system of election? Election held every after five years for Lok- Sabha and Vidhan Sabha After the term representatives has to dissolve.
- 11. Election General Election:- Election held in all constituencies at the same time, day or within few days. By Election:- Election held in any constituency to fill the vacancy caused by death or resignation of a member.
- 12. Electoral Constituencies:- An area based system of electing representative. the voter can elect on representative.
- 13. Electoral Constituencies of India Lok Sabha: At Central Level 543 Constituencies Election for MP ( Member of Parliament )
- 14. At State Level State is divided into constituencies Election for MLA ( Member of Legislative Assembly)
- 15. At Local Level The Village or Town is divided into wards. Election for Panchayat and Municipal Committee
- 16. Gurbarga Lok Sabha Constituency
- 17. Reserve Constituencies In Democratic Country like India Every citizen has right to elect his/her representative Every citizen has right to be elected as a representative
- 18. Need of Reserve Constituencies Some weaker section may not get chance to elect in MP and MLA They may not be having required education and contact to contest election. Those who are influential and resourceful may prevent them from winning election
- 19. Reserve Seats SC : 79 seats in Lok Sabha ST : 41 seats in Lok Sabha OBC: Reserve seats in local and district bodies
- 20. Lok Sabha Constituencies PAGE ---63 MAP
- 21. Voter List After deciding constituencies, Now have to decide who can and who cannot vote. Electoral List or Voter List:- It is a list of eligible person who can give vote.
- 22. Right to Vote Universal Adult Franchise One person, one vote, one value is there No one should denied the right to vote without having good reason No any discrimination during voting time
- 23. Right to Vote Denied Person having criminal record Unsent Mind
- 24. Government responsibilities To get name of eligible voters Add the name of a person attain voting age to the voters’ list and delete of those who were dead. A complete revision of the list, every after five years. Voter can require to take Election Photo Identity Card or Ration Card or Driving License etc.
- 25. Nomination of Candidates no restriction on anyone to contest election. Voter can also as candidate in election. minimum age of 25 yrs for the candidate and 18 yrs for the voter Criminals can’t contest election Political parties nominate candidates, he should have party support and symbol. Ticket: Party’s nomination is called Ticket.
- 26. Rules for the Nomination of Candidate Person wishes to contest election should do the following: 1. Fill up the nominee form 2. Give security deposits 3. Give details of serious criminal record pending 4. Details of families, assets and liability 5. Detail of education qualification only for formalities
- 28. Election Campaign- Why and When Purpose of election is to give people chance to choose their leader To have free and open discussion is necessary Election campaign can done only to educate the voters about their future program and policies Campaign is for two weeks period -It is done between -the announcement of final list of candidates and date of polling
- 29. During campaign Candidates contact their voters Leaders address election meetings Mobilize their supporters Party try to focus public attention on big issues To attract the party in that issue they made slogans Election related stories and debates will show in the TV news or Newspaper.
- 30. Party’s Slogans To attract the voters. They give big issue or slogans E.g.:Parties Slogan Congress Party 1971– Garibi Hatao Janata Dal 1977- Save Democracy Left front 1977- Land to the tiller Telegu Democracy party 1983– Protect the self respect of telegu.
- 31. law for free and fair electionn According to election law, no party or candidate can Bribe and threaten voters are not acceptable. No suppose to use Government resources for Election campaign. Not allowed to appeal on religion and caste. Should not spend more than ` 25 lakh in constituency of lok Sabah ` 10 lakh in state or assembly election
- 32. Code of Conduct It is Set of rules and guidance for the parties and its candidates
- 33. Election Day and Venue Day :- The day when voters vote. Venue :- Polling booth situated in local schools and government offices.
- 34. To cast vote one should have Photo Identity Card Put a mark on finger
- 35. Early time voting Present day voting Ballot Paper Electronic Voting Machine
- 36. After Polling EVM are sealed and taken to a secure place Opened after a few days on a fixed date Counting is done in-front of candidate’s agent Highest number of vote from constituency is declared elected Result will announce or report the event in Television, radio and newspaper.
- 37. What makes elections in India democratic?
- 38. Unfair Practice in Election Inclusion of false names Misuse of government facilities by ruling party. Excessive use of money by rich candidates Threaten voters and fraud and mal practice on the poling day.
- 39. Election Commission He has the power to conduct Elections. Ruling party or the government cannot pressurize election commission. Is elected by the president of India. Is not answerable to the questions of president.
- 40. Power of Election Commission Takes decision of every aspects of election. Punishes if violates code of conducts. Gives guidelines like preventing usage of government property. During election, Election Commission controls the government. If Election Commission do not satisfied or see some unfair practice in election then he may ask parties for re-polling.
- 41. Popular Participant Voter Turnout:- People’s participation in election is measured by voter turnout figures. It is shown in graph, It shows how many of eligible voters have voted.
- 42. Most voters are poor, underprivileged and illiterate in India where as in America, costs of the voters are rich and the white people. Common people participate in Election as they believe that they can bring pressure on political parties to adopt policies in their favor. Interests in votes are increasing over a years.
- 43. Acceptance of Election Outcome Fair Election. Ruling parties always lose election (centre and state) Half of MP and MLA lose elections. Criminal connection and those who invest lots of money often lose election. Election accepts people verdicts
- 44. Challenges of Free and Fair Election Big parties and candidates enjoy unfair advantages over smaller parties. A candidate having criminal connection gets the ticket easily. Families tend to dominate the party and gibes tickets to their families and relatives. No choice to ordinary citizen regarding its policies and practice. Small parties suffer disadvantages as compared to bigger parties.
- 45. THANK YOU