Electoral politics
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India has a federal government with an elected Prime Minister and parliament. The parliament comprises the Lok Sabha whose members are directly elected, and the Rajya Sabha whose members are elected by state assemblies. Major national political parties in India that contest elections include the Indian National Congress, Bharatiya Janata Party, Bahujan Samaj Party, Communist Party of India, and Nationalist Congress Party. The election process is overseen by the Election Commission of India and involves delimitation of constituencies, preparation of voter lists, nomination of candidates, campaigning, voting, vote counting, and potential election petitions.
Electoral politics
- 2. An election is a formal decision- making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office.
- 3. HISTOR YOF ELECTIONS IN INDIA
- 4. India has a federal government. The head of government, Prime Minister, is elected by the members of Lok Sabha. All members of Lok Sabha except two, who can be nominated by president of India, are elected by the direct elections. Members of Rajya Sabha are elected by elected members of the legislative assemblies. In 2009, the elections involved an electorate of 714 million. Declared expenditure has trebled since 1989 to almost $300 million, using more than one million electronic voting machines.
- 5. Lok Sabha represents Anglo- Indian community, currently having members 545 members. Rajya Sabha has 245 members. The members are indirectly elected, being achieved by the votes of legislators in the state and union territories. The Parliament of India comprises the head of state and the two Houses rajya sabha and lok sabha.
- 6. Political parties that wish to contest local, state or national elections are required to be registered. Here are few political parties that contest in the elections at national level: Bahujan Samaj Party Elephant Bharatiya Janata Party Lotus Communist Party of India Sickle Indian National Congress Hand Nationalist Congress Party Clock
- 7. Chairman: Sonia Gandhi Leader of lok sabha: sushilkumar shindhe Leader of rajya sabha: manmohan singh Founded: december28, 1885
- 8. Leader in Lok Sabha: Sushma Swaraj Leader in Rajya Sabha: Arun Jaitley Chairperson: rajnath singh Founded: December 1980
- 9. BAHUJAN SAMAJ PARTY Chairperson: mayawati Leader in Lok Sabha: Rajesh Verma Leader in Rajya Sabha: Mayawati Founded:1984
- 12. HISTORY OF POLITICAL PARTIESThe dominance of the Indian National Congress was broken for the first time in 1977, with the defeat of the party led by Indira Gandhi. A similar coalition, led by VP Singh came in power in 1989. It lost its steam in 1990.the parties like the TDP and the AIADMK had been strong regional contenders, the parties like Lok Dal, Samajwadi Party, Bahujan Samaj Party and the Janata Dal came in 1990s. Presently, the United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress Party is in power, Manmohan Singh was re-elected the Prime Minister of India.
- 13. An election is a contest between different candidates from various parties out of which the voters elect one as their representative. There may also be independent candidates taking part in the election. There are following stages in the electoral process:
- 14. 1.DELIMITATIONOF CONSTITUENCIES First of all the entire area-the whole country in the case of Lok Sabha elections and of that particular State in the case of Legislative Assembly elections-is divided into as many constituencies as there are seats. 2.PREPARATIONOF VOTER’S LIST After the demarcation of constituency, the voters' list of each constituency is prepared and published.
- 15. 3.FILLING OF NOMINATION PAPER The dates of election, filing of nomination papers and withdrawals are fixed by the Election Commission. Any person, who wants to fight the election, can file his nomination papers. Every candidate has to deposit some security along with his nomination papers. 4.SCRUNITY OF NOMINATION FORMAND WITHDRAWAL A date is fixed for the scrutiny of all the nomination papers. If the nomination papers of any candidate are found to be not in order, they are rejected.
- 16. 5.ELECTION CAMPAIGN The next stage in the election is the election campaign by the candidates and political parties. Posters are distributed, meetings are held and speeches are delivered. it ends 48 hours before the election. It should be according to the election laws, no party or candidate can: (i) bribe or threaten the voters. (ii) appeal to the voters in the name of caste or religion. (iii) use government resources for election campaign. (iv) spend more than 25 lakhs for a Lok Sabha Election and Rs. 10 lakh for an Assembly Election. In case they indulge in any of the above practices their election can be annulled by the court.
- 17. On the date fixed earlier, voting takes place. For voting, election booths are set up. Voters go to the polling booths and cast their votes for the candidates of their choice. Voting is held by secret ballot. These days Electronic Voting Machines (EVM) is used to record votes. EVM has the names of the candidates and their election symbols. The voters have to press the button against the name and symbol of the candidate they wish to vote for. 6.VOTING
- 18. 7.COUNTING OF VOTE AND DECLARATION OF RESULT the ballot boxes are opened before the candidates or their agents and votes are counted under the supervision of the returning officer. A candidate who gets the highest number of votes is declared elected. If any candidate feels that the election in his Constituency has not been held properly, he can file an election petition in the Court. If the objections raised are found to be correct the court can set aside that election. In that Constituency, the election will be held again. 8.ELECTION PETITION
- 19. THE ELECTION COMMISION The Election Commission of India is federal authority responsible for all the electoral processes in India. It supervise elections in India. The Election Commission has the power of superintendence, direction and control of all elections. The commission consists of a Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and two Election Commissioners (EC), appointed by the President of India. The current CEC is V.S.Sampath.