Embedded systems
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- 3. www.studymafia.org Computing systems in the past... 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 3
- 4. www.studymafia.orgEVOLUTION 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 4
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- 6. www.studymafia.orgInternet of Things An Internet of Things(IOT) is simply a network of internet connected objects able to collect and exchange data amongst themselves. Kevin Ashton coined the term IOT in the year 1999. He quoted “Today Computers and internet are wholly dependent on human beings for data. Nearly 50 petabytes of data available are due to the influence of human being.” IOT took pace in 2008-09 There is a drawback here(limited time, accuracy, etc..). Example of IOT device is Nest.1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 6
- 7. www.studymafia.orgStatistics 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 7
- 8. www.studymafia.org 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 8
- 9. www.studymafia.orgOUTLINE Embedded Systems Overview? Characteristics of Embedded Systems. Applications of Embedded Systems. Development Cycle. Leading companies producing embedded systems. Challenges of Embedded System. Embedded System Projects. Demo. Arduino v/s mbed Advantages and Disadvantages of embedded Systems Future Of Embedded Systems. Reference 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 9
- 10. www.studymafia.orgEMBEDDED SYSTEMS OVERVIEW Computing systems are everywhere. Most of us think of “desktop” computers. PC’s Laptops Mainframes Servers But there’s another type of computing system Far more common... 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 10
- 11. Computers are in here... and here... and even here... EMBEDDED SYSTEMS OVERVIEW(contd…) 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 11
- 12. www.studymafia.orgEMBEDDED SYSTEMS OVERVIEW(contd…) 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 12
- 13. www.studymafia.orgEMBEDDED SYSTEMS OVERVIEW(contd…) • It uses microprocessor or microcontroller to do only one task. • There is typically only one application software that are typically burned into ROM. • Billions of units produced yearly, versus millions of desktop units. • Embedded Systems are also called Ubiquitous Computers Embedded real time systems 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 13
- 14. www.studymafia.org 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 14
- 15. www.studymafia.orgCharacteristics Of Embedded Systems Price Maintaibility Time To Market Power SizeFunctionality Performance Safety 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 15
- 16. www.studymafia.orgApplications Of Embedded Systems 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 16
- 17. www.studymafia.orgApplication Of Embedded Systems(cont…) Eg:- Snack Vending Machine “Good Machine v/s Bad Machine”. Some machines can have the luxury of falling into the category of bad machine. 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 17
- 18. 3.2 8.9 3.2 3.7 9.4 8.5 10.1 19.4 3.6 5.3 7.3 6.8 4.1 HOME APPLIANCES AUDIO/VISUAL EQUIPMENTS ENTERTAINMENT &EDUCATION PERSONAL INFORMATION APPLIANCES COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT TRANSPORTATION RELATED FACTORY AUTOMATION ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MEDICAL EQUIPMENT COMMERCIAL SYSTEM MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS OTHER Application Areas 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 18
- 19. www.studymafia.orgDevelopment Cycle Write Source Code Assemble/Compile Simulate Download Test In Hardware 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 19
- 20. www.studymafia.org Leading Companies in Embedded System Design 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 20
- 21. www.studymafia.org Challenges Of Embedded Systems- Optimizing Design Metric Unit cost NRE cost (Non-Recurring Engineering cost) Size Performance Power Flexibility Time-to-prototype Time-to-market Maintainability 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 21
- 22. www.studymafia.org Time required to develop a product to the point it can be sold to customers. Market window • Period during which the product would have highest sales. Average time-to-market constraint is about 8 months. Delays can be costly. Revenues($) Time (months) Time-to-Market: a demanding Design Metric 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 22
- 23. www.studymafia.org Losses due to delayed market entry On-time Delayed entry entry Peak revenue Peak revenue from delayed entry Market rise Market fall W 2W Time D On-time Delayed Revenues($) Simplified revenue model Product life = 2W, peak at W. Time of market entry defines a triangle, representing market penetration. Triangle area equals revenue. Loss The difference between the on-time and delayed triangle areas. 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 23
- 24. www.studymafia.org Losses due to delayed market entry(contd…) On-time Delayed entry entry Peak revenue Peak revenue from delayed entry Market rise Market fall W 2W Time D On-time Delayed Revenues($) Area = 1/2 * base * height On-time = 1/2 * 2W * W Delayed = 1/2 * (W-D+W)*(W-D) Percentage revenue loss = (D(3W-D)/2W2)*100% Delays are Costly. 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 24
- 25. www.studymafia.org NRE and Unit cost Metrics Costs: • Unit cost: the monetary cost of manufacturing each copy of the system, excluding NRE cost • NRE cost (Non-Recurring Engineering cost): The one-time monetary cost of designing the system. • total cost = NRE cost + unit cost * # of units • per-product cost = total cost / # of units = (NRE cost / # of units) + unit cost Example – NRE=$2000, unit=$100 – For 10 units – total cost = $2000 + 10*$100 = $3000 – per-product cost = $2000/10 + $100 = $300 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 25
- 26. www.studymafia.org NRE and Unit cost Metrics(contd…) Compare technologies by costs • Technology A: NRE=$2,000, unit=$100 • Technology B: NRE=$30,000, unit=$30 • Technology C: NRE=$100,000, unit=$2 $0 $40,000 $80,000 $120,000 $160,000 $200,000 0 800 1600 2400 A B C $0 $40 $80 $120 $160 $200 0 800 1600 2400 Number of units (volume) A B C Number of units (volume) totalcost(x1000) perproductcost 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 26
- 27. www.studymafia.org Embedded System Projects Lightsaber video overlay. Sound Controlled Video Game. Networked Video Phone. Visual Object Tracker 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 27
- 28. www.studymafia.orgDemo Programs:- • Binary Search program. • Alternative Blinking of two LED. • Controlling LED with switch. • Seven Segment Display Demo. • LCD Display Demo. 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 28
- 29. www.studymafia.org Arduino v/s mbed ARDUINO mbed Uses Atmel microcontroller. Uses ARM microcontroller. Limited functionality. Wide range of functionality. Simple IDE. Sophisticated IDE(Online). Only good for demo purpose. Can be used in production areas. 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 29
- 30. www.studymafia.org Advantages and Disadvantages MERITS Smaller Size Smaller Weight Lower Power Consumption Lower Electromagnetic Interference Lower Price DEMERITS Lower Mean Time Between Failure Repair and Maintenance is not possible Faster Obsolesce Unmanageable Heat Loss Difficult to Design 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 30
- 31. www.studymafia.org So what does the future looks like ? 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 31
- 32. www.studymafia.org 1/21/2017 ABHISHEK GUPTA, I MTECH(CS), 16552 32 Reference www.google.co.in www.embeddedindia.com www.embeddsys.com www.stackoverflow.com Minimizing Cost of Scheduling Tasks on Heterogeneous Multicore Embedded Systems ACM-Transaction(November 25,2016) JING LIU, Hunan University and Wuhan University of Science and Technology KENLI LI, Hunan University DAKAI ZHU, The University of Texas at San Antonio JIANJUN HAN, Huazhong University of Science and Technology KEQIN LI, Hunan University and State University of New York
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