This document discusses embedded systems. It defines an embedded system as a microprocessor-based system designed to perform dedicated functions. Embedded systems are found in devices ranging from household appliances to spacecraft. The document discusses the history of embedded systems and how they have evolved from using microprocessors to typically using microcontrollers. It also discusses the hardware and software components of embedded systems as well as common programming languages. Examples of different types of embedded systems are provided.
This document provides an overview of embedded systems and their processors. It defines an embedded system as having computer hardware and software embedded as important components. Processors are the heart of embedded systems and can be microprocessors or microcontrollers. Components include hardware, memories, ports and application software. Languages for programming embedded systems include C and C++. Embedded systems are classified based on scale, connectivity and mobility. They have constraints like limited memory and need for low power. Common applications include household appliances, audio players, vehicle controllers and medical equipment.
EC8791-Embedded and Real Time Systems #7th Sem ECE #Embedded System Introduction # Embedded System Real Time Examples #Career opportunity in Embedded System Filed #Growth of Embedded System
1) The document summarizes an internship project to build a low-cost asynchronous web server using an ESP32 microcontroller interfaced with a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor.
2) The project measures real-time temperature and humidity data and sends it to a web server.
3) Key hardware components included the ESP32, DHT11 sensor, jumper wires, and breadboard. The Arduino IDE was used as the software tool to program the ESP32 and interface it with the DHT11 sensor. Real-time temperature and humidity data was successfully obtained and displayed.
The presentation provides an overview of machine learning, including its history, definitions, applications and algorithms. It discusses how machine learning systems are trained and tested, and how performance is evaluated. The key points are that machine learning involves computers learning from experience to improve their abilities, it is used in applications that require prediction, classification and pattern detection, and common algorithms include supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning.
The document discusses the functional components of a computer. It explains that a computer accepts input, stores data, processes data, provides output, and controls operations. It then describes each of these functions in more detail. Specifically, it notes that input involves entering data, storage saves data permanently, processing performs calculations on stored data, and output produces results. Control coordinates all internal operations. The document further breaks down the processing function among the arithmetic logical unit, control unit, and central processing unit. The arithmetic logical unit performs calculations, the control unit coordinates operations, and the central processing unit directs different parts of the computer.
This document discusses image processing techniques in MATLAB. It begins with an introduction to MATLAB and its uses for numerical computation, data analysis, and algorithm development. It then covers image processing basics like image formats and color models. The main techniques discussed are enhancement, restoration, watermarking, cryptography, steganography, and image fusion. Examples of algorithms and real-world applications are also provided.
This presentation provides an overview of embedded systems and describes a collision avoidance robot project. It introduces embedded systems and gives examples. It then describes the key components of embedded systems like processors and memory. It discusses the software used for the project. It introduces the collision avoidance robot project, describing its sensors, control unit, actuators and working. It provides code snippets to show how the robot's movement is controlled based on sensor input to avoid collisions.
The document discusses embedded systems, their components, software architectures, applications, challenges, development tools, and future trends. It defines embedded systems as special purpose computers used inside devices and notes they consist of a combination of hardware and software. It describes common embedded system components, software architectures for scheduling tasks, the toolchain for developing embedded software, examples of embedded applications, and emerging trends in areas like adaptive cruise control and telemedicine.
The document provides an introduction to embedded systems, including:
- An embedded system combines both hardware and software, with computer hardware and software embedded as a component.
- Early examples include NASA's Apollo guidance computer and the Autonetics D-17 guidance computer.
- Embedded systems typically include a CPU, memory, and input/output devices integrated into a single microprocessor-based unit.
- They are classified as standalone, real-time, network information appliances, or mobile devices depending on their use and connectivity.
- Embedded systems have wide applications in areas like industrial control, scientific instruments, biomedical devices, mobile phones and more.
This document discusses embedded systems, including their definition, characteristics, and applications. It notes that embedded systems are designed to perform specific tasks, like in MP3 players or aircraft navigation systems. They have limited hardware and software compared to general purpose computers. Embedded systems are used in various applications at home, in vehicles, and industry. They are characterized by being designed for specific tasks, storing software in ROM, and providing low power consumption. The document also compares embedded systems to personal computers and discusses microprocessors, microcontrollers, assembly language, C language, and operating systems in the context of embedded systems.
It is a presentation for the Embedded System Basics. It will be very useful for the engineering students who need to know the basics of Embedded System.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Akhil Garg to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. It discusses embedded systems and the 8051 microcontroller family. Specifically, it provides an introduction to embedded systems, compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, describes the architecture and features of the 8051 microcontroller, explains programming the 8051 in both assembly and C languages, and includes examples of programming the 8051 to control LEDs, 7-segment displays, LCDs, keypads and more. It also discusses the tools needed for 8051 programming including the Keil compiler and Flash Magic programmer.
Introduction to Systems with Examples and Introduction to Embedded Systems, History, Advantages, Applications, Classifications,What is inside Embedded System, Architecture, Features and Languages used in Embedded Systems advantages and disadvantages
An embedded system is a dedicated computer system that performs specific tasks, and is embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and software. Examples include watches, washing machines, cell phones and more. Embedded systems have limited memory and processing capabilities compared to general purpose computers. They also have dedicated functions and real-time constraints. Microcontrollers are commonly used in embedded systems and contain a CPU, memory and programmable input/output peripherals on a single chip. Real-time operating systems help schedule tasks to meet timing constraints in embedded systems.
An embedded system is a combination of hardware and software that performs a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system. Embedded systems are designed to respond to events in real-time and operate with limited resources. They are used across many industries in applications like automotive systems, industrial controls, medical devices, office equipment, and more.
The document provides an overview of embedded systems. It defines embedded systems as devices used to control, monitor or assist equipment that contain both computer hardware and software. The document then classifies embedded systems based on performance and functional requirements such as real-time, standalone, networked, mobile, and sophistication. Examples of embedded system applications are given across several industries like automobiles, telecommunications, smart cards, missiles, satellites, and consumer electronics. The document concludes by explaining how embedded systems are implemented using either digital circuits or microprocessor-based systems.
1. Introduction to Embedded Systems & IoTIEEE MIU SB
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines embedded systems as hardware and software components that perform dedicated tasks as part of larger machines. Embedded systems are designed for specific tasks without human intervention and must meet real-time performance constraints. Examples are given of embedded systems applications. It then discusses microprocessors versus microcontrollers. The document introduces Arduino, an open-source hardware and software platform used to build electronics projects, and describes its various components. It defines IoT as the network of physical objects embedded with electronics that collect and share data over the internet. Applications and evolution of IoT are briefly outlined.
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller, including its architecture, pin configuration, memory organization, timers, interrupts, and interfacing capabilities. It describes the 8051's features like on-chip RAM, ROM, timers and low power consumption which make it suitable for control applications. The document outlines the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, and covers various interfacing examples like switches, LEDs, 7-segment displays, LCDs, ADCs and relay interfacing. It concludes with common applications of the 8051 such as in automobiles, industrial processing, robotics and consumer electronics.
The document provides an overview of microcontrollers and embedded systems. It defines an embedded system and describes their characteristics such as real-time operation, small size, low power usage, and operation in harsh environments. It discusses the hardware components of typical embedded systems including microcontrollers. It then focuses on the 8051 microcontroller, describing its architecture and pin layout.
A microcontroller is an integrated circuit that can be programmed to control electronic devices. It contains a processor, memory, and input/output ports on a single chip. Microcontrollers come in various sizes based on their word length and internal bus width, from 4-bit to 32-bit. They also differ based on their memory architecture and instruction set. A microcontroller allows easy programming to control devices in embedded systems and provides advantages like low cost, small size, and flexibility.
This document is a practical training report submitted by Roshan Mani, a student of Electronics and Communication Engineering at GCET Bikaner, as part of an industrial training completed at CMC Academy in Jaipur. The report provides details about the training, including an overview of CMC Academy and the topics covered during the training such as microprocessors vs microcontrollers, embedded systems, memory addressing types, and the AT89C51 microcontroller. It also describes various electronic components and a bidirectional visitor counter home automation project developed during the training.
This document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers. It states that a microprocessor is an integrated circuit containing transistors that serves as the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. A microcontroller, on the other hand, is a highly integrated chip containing a CPU, memory, I/O ports, and timers designed to control a specific system. The key differences are that microprocessors have external memory and interfaces, larger size and power consumption, and are used in non-predefined applications, while microcontrollers have integrated memory and interfaces, smaller size, lower power consumption, and are used in predefined embedded applications.
This document discusses trends in embedded systems. It outlines that embedded systems integrate computer hardware and software onto a single microprocessor board. Key trends in embedded systems include systems-on-a-chip (SoC), wireless technology, multi-core processors, support for multiple languages, improved user interfaces, use of open source technologies, interoperability, automation, enhanced security, and reduced power consumption. SoCs integrate all system components onto a single chip to reduce power usage. Wireless connectivity and multi-core processors improve performance. Embedded systems also support multiple languages and have improved user interfaces.
An embedded system is a combination of the computer hardware and software accomplished with additional mechanical or other parts designed to perform a specific function.
Embedded software is an almost every electronic device in the use today. There is a software hidden away inside our watches, VCR's, cellular phones.A well-designed embedded system conceals the existence of the processor and the software .
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on embedded system by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified embedded system kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
Embedded systems combine both hardware and software to form an integral part of a larger system or machine. They are designed to perform specific tasks, such as controlling an engine or processing signals in real time, without human intervention. Examples include processors in cars, robots, televisions, and consumer electronics. Embedded systems have a long design life cycle that involves acquiring components, testing and certifying the system, planning logistics and repairs, and potentially upgrading the system over time. Many embedded systems now also connect to the internet, allowing consumer products and industrial equipment to access online services. Common application areas of embedded systems include the military, automotive, medical, telecommunications, consumer, and industrial sectors.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems. It defines embedded systems as electronic systems that perform dedicated tasks and include microcontrollers. Characteristics of embedded systems include high speed, low power consumption, small size, accuracy, adaptability, and reliability. Embedded systems are classified based on their functionality and performance requirements. The document also discusses the hardware architecture of embedded systems including the CPU, memory, I/O ports, communication interfaces, and application-specific circuitry. Recent trends in embedded systems include faster processors, lower power consumption, improved communication interfaces, new operating systems, and programming languages.
This presentation provides an overview of embedded systems and describes a collision avoidance robot project. It introduces embedded systems and gives examples. It then describes the key components of embedded systems like processors and memory. It discusses the software used for the project. It introduces the collision avoidance robot project, describing its sensors, control unit, actuators and working. It provides code snippets to show how the robot's movement is controlled based on sensor input to avoid collisions.
The document discusses embedded systems, their components, software architectures, applications, challenges, development tools, and future trends. It defines embedded systems as special purpose computers used inside devices and notes they consist of a combination of hardware and software. It describes common embedded system components, software architectures for scheduling tasks, the toolchain for developing embedded software, examples of embedded applications, and emerging trends in areas like adaptive cruise control and telemedicine.
The document provides an introduction to embedded systems, including:
- An embedded system combines both hardware and software, with computer hardware and software embedded as a component.
- Early examples include NASA's Apollo guidance computer and the Autonetics D-17 guidance computer.
- Embedded systems typically include a CPU, memory, and input/output devices integrated into a single microprocessor-based unit.
- They are classified as standalone, real-time, network information appliances, or mobile devices depending on their use and connectivity.
- Embedded systems have wide applications in areas like industrial control, scientific instruments, biomedical devices, mobile phones and more.
This document discusses embedded systems, including their definition, characteristics, and applications. It notes that embedded systems are designed to perform specific tasks, like in MP3 players or aircraft navigation systems. They have limited hardware and software compared to general purpose computers. Embedded systems are used in various applications at home, in vehicles, and industry. They are characterized by being designed for specific tasks, storing software in ROM, and providing low power consumption. The document also compares embedded systems to personal computers and discusses microprocessors, microcontrollers, assembly language, C language, and operating systems in the context of embedded systems.
It is a presentation for the Embedded System Basics. It will be very useful for the engineering students who need to know the basics of Embedded System.
This document is a summer training report submitted by Akhil Garg to fulfill requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering. It discusses embedded systems and the 8051 microcontroller family. Specifically, it provides an introduction to embedded systems, compares microprocessors and microcontrollers, describes the architecture and features of the 8051 microcontroller, explains programming the 8051 in both assembly and C languages, and includes examples of programming the 8051 to control LEDs, 7-segment displays, LCDs, keypads and more. It also discusses the tools needed for 8051 programming including the Keil compiler and Flash Magic programmer.
Introduction to Systems with Examples and Introduction to Embedded Systems, History, Advantages, Applications, Classifications,What is inside Embedded System, Architecture, Features and Languages used in Embedded Systems advantages and disadvantages
An embedded system is a dedicated computer system that performs specific tasks, and is embedded as part of a complete device including hardware and software. Examples include watches, washing machines, cell phones and more. Embedded systems have limited memory and processing capabilities compared to general purpose computers. They also have dedicated functions and real-time constraints. Microcontrollers are commonly used in embedded systems and contain a CPU, memory and programmable input/output peripherals on a single chip. Real-time operating systems help schedule tasks to meet timing constraints in embedded systems.
An embedded system is a combination of hardware and software that performs a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electrical system. Embedded systems are designed to respond to events in real-time and operate with limited resources. They are used across many industries in applications like automotive systems, industrial controls, medical devices, office equipment, and more.
The document provides an overview of embedded systems. It defines embedded systems as devices used to control, monitor or assist equipment that contain both computer hardware and software. The document then classifies embedded systems based on performance and functional requirements such as real-time, standalone, networked, mobile, and sophistication. Examples of embedded system applications are given across several industries like automobiles, telecommunications, smart cards, missiles, satellites, and consumer electronics. The document concludes by explaining how embedded systems are implemented using either digital circuits or microprocessor-based systems.
1. Introduction to Embedded Systems & IoTIEEE MIU SB
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems and the Internet of Things (IoT). It defines embedded systems as hardware and software components that perform dedicated tasks as part of larger machines. Embedded systems are designed for specific tasks without human intervention and must meet real-time performance constraints. Examples are given of embedded systems applications. It then discusses microprocessors versus microcontrollers. The document introduces Arduino, an open-source hardware and software platform used to build electronics projects, and describes its various components. It defines IoT as the network of physical objects embedded with electronics that collect and share data over the internet. Applications and evolution of IoT are briefly outlined.
The document discusses the 8051 microcontroller, including its architecture, pin configuration, memory organization, timers, interrupts, and interfacing capabilities. It describes the 8051's features like on-chip RAM, ROM, timers and low power consumption which make it suitable for control applications. The document outlines the differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers, and covers various interfacing examples like switches, LEDs, 7-segment displays, LCDs, ADCs and relay interfacing. It concludes with common applications of the 8051 such as in automobiles, industrial processing, robotics and consumer electronics.
The document provides an overview of microcontrollers and embedded systems. It defines an embedded system and describes their characteristics such as real-time operation, small size, low power usage, and operation in harsh environments. It discusses the hardware components of typical embedded systems including microcontrollers. It then focuses on the 8051 microcontroller, describing its architecture and pin layout.
A microcontroller is an integrated circuit that can be programmed to control electronic devices. It contains a processor, memory, and input/output ports on a single chip. Microcontrollers come in various sizes based on their word length and internal bus width, from 4-bit to 32-bit. They also differ based on their memory architecture and instruction set. A microcontroller allows easy programming to control devices in embedded systems and provides advantages like low cost, small size, and flexibility.
This document is a practical training report submitted by Roshan Mani, a student of Electronics and Communication Engineering at GCET Bikaner, as part of an industrial training completed at CMC Academy in Jaipur. The report provides details about the training, including an overview of CMC Academy and the topics covered during the training such as microprocessors vs microcontrollers, embedded systems, memory addressing types, and the AT89C51 microcontroller. It also describes various electronic components and a bidirectional visitor counter home automation project developed during the training.
This document compares microprocessors and microcontrollers. It states that a microprocessor is an integrated circuit containing transistors that serves as the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer. A microcontroller, on the other hand, is a highly integrated chip containing a CPU, memory, I/O ports, and timers designed to control a specific system. The key differences are that microprocessors have external memory and interfaces, larger size and power consumption, and are used in non-predefined applications, while microcontrollers have integrated memory and interfaces, smaller size, lower power consumption, and are used in predefined embedded applications.
This document discusses trends in embedded systems. It outlines that embedded systems integrate computer hardware and software onto a single microprocessor board. Key trends in embedded systems include systems-on-a-chip (SoC), wireless technology, multi-core processors, support for multiple languages, improved user interfaces, use of open source technologies, interoperability, automation, enhanced security, and reduced power consumption. SoCs integrate all system components onto a single chip to reduce power usage. Wireless connectivity and multi-core processors improve performance. Embedded systems also support multiple languages and have improved user interfaces.
An embedded system is a combination of the computer hardware and software accomplished with additional mechanical or other parts designed to perform a specific function.
Embedded software is an almost every electronic device in the use today. There is a software hidden away inside our watches, VCR's, cellular phones.A well-designed embedded system conceals the existence of the processor and the software .
http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Visit our page to get more ideas on embedded system by professionals.
Edgefx provides free verified embedded system kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
Embedded systems combine both hardware and software to form an integral part of a larger system or machine. They are designed to perform specific tasks, such as controlling an engine or processing signals in real time, without human intervention. Examples include processors in cars, robots, televisions, and consumer electronics. Embedded systems have a long design life cycle that involves acquiring components, testing and certifying the system, planning logistics and repairs, and potentially upgrading the system over time. Many embedded systems now also connect to the internet, allowing consumer products and industrial equipment to access online services. Common application areas of embedded systems include the military, automotive, medical, telecommunications, consumer, and industrial sectors.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems. It defines embedded systems as electronic systems that perform dedicated tasks and include microcontrollers. Characteristics of embedded systems include high speed, low power consumption, small size, accuracy, adaptability, and reliability. Embedded systems are classified based on their functionality and performance requirements. The document also discusses the hardware architecture of embedded systems including the CPU, memory, I/O ports, communication interfaces, and application-specific circuitry. Recent trends in embedded systems include faster processors, lower power consumption, improved communication interfaces, new operating systems, and programming languages.
This document contains the resume of Deepesh Agarwal which summarizes his educational qualifications, technical skills, work experience, projects, positions of responsibility, and achievements. He has a BE in Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering from BITS Pilani with a CGPA of 6.7. His work experience includes roles at Sabre Travel Technologies and Honda Two Wheelers India. He has also led various projects and held leadership positions at BITS Pilani involving fundraising, pitching, and rural entrepreneurship programs.
A brief description about processing cores, multi-core processors & their applications with lots of relevant animations.
Animations don't work in this preview,but you can watch the full clip on YouTube here:
http://youtu.be/Vm2RzHq4ASY
Send me an email to download the file.Enjoy!
A processor receives input and provides output, handling calculations rapidly. Processors have cores that read and execute instructions, with more cores enabling more simultaneous tasks. The Core i3 is Intel's entry-level dual-core processor for desktops and laptops, while the Core i5 is the mid-range option with either dual or quad cores. Key differences are that i5 processors have higher clock speeds, support for hyper-threading, larger caches, and Intel Turbo Boost technology.
Arm processor architecture awareness session pi technologiesPiTechnologies
ARM processor is widely used in Embedded devices such as smart phones. Market share of ARM in embedded industry exceeds 90%.
This awareness presentation about ARM architecture presented by PiTechnologies Group www.PiTechnologies.net
This document provides an introduction to multi-core processors. It discusses that a multi-core processor contains two or more processors on a single integrated circuit. This leads to enhanced performance, reduced power consumption, and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks. However, developing multithreaded applications for multi-core processors can be difficult, time-consuming, and error-prone. Adding more cores also introduces additional overheads and latencies between communicating and non-communicating cores. There are different types of multi-core architectures including symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) and asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP). Effective use of multi-core processors requires considerations around cache coherency, load balancing, interrupt handling, and concurrency management.
This document discusses Intel's multi-core processor organization. It describes how a multi-core processor combines two or more processor cores onto a single silicon chip. It identifies key variables in multi-core organization as the number of cores, levels of cache memory, and amount of shared cache. It provides examples of Intel's Core i7, Core Duo, AMD Opteron, and ARM11 MP Core multi-core processors and highlights their core configurations and cache architectures.
The ARM architecture is a RISC instruction set developed by ARM Holdings. It originated in 1980 and was first used in the BBC Micro home computer. ARM licenses its chip designs and architecture to manufacturers who customize and produce ARM-based chips. ARM chips are widely used in smartphones, tablets, smart TVs and other embedded devices due to their low power consumption. The ARM instruction set comes in 32-bit and 16-bit versions and supports various operating systems including Android, iOS, Windows and Linux distributions.
Multicore processor by Ankit Raj and Akash PrajapatiAnkit Raj
A multi-core processor is a single computing component with two or more independent processing units called cores. This development arose in response to the limitations of increasing clock speeds in single-core processors. By incorporating multiple cores that can execute multiple tasks simultaneously, multi-core processors provide greater performance with less heat and power consumption than single-core processors. Programming for multi-core requires spreading workloads across cores using threads or processes to take advantage of the parallel processing capabilities.
This document provides an overview of multi-core processors, including their history, architecture, advantages, disadvantages, applications and future aspects. It discusses how multi-core processors work with multiple independent processor cores on a single chip to improve performance over single-core processors. Some key points covered include the introduction of dual-core chips by IBM, Intel and AMD in the early 2000s; comparisons of single-core, multi-core and other architectures; advantages like improved multi-tasking and security; and challenges for software to fully utilize multi-core capabilities.
The document discusses the ARM processor core. It describes how ARM adopted the RISC design philosophy to create a flexible embedded processor. It also explains that ARM does not manufacture chips itself but rather licenses its processor core designs to other companies.
The document provides information about the Intel i3 processor. It begins with a brief introduction of processors in general, then discusses some key features of the i3 processor, including that it is a dual core chip that is faster than the previous Core2Duo. It describes technologies like multi-core processing, Hyper-Threading, virtualization support, and caches that improve processor performance. Finally, it mentions security features like Execute Disable Bit that help prevent buffer overflow attacks.
Multi-core processors have multiple processing units (cores) on a single chip to improve performance over single-core processors. As clock speeds became limited, chip designers added multiple cores to allow simultaneous execution of instructions. This achieves performance gains without increasing heat and power consumption. However, multi-core processors introduce new challenges around cache coherence and ensuring software is optimized for parallel execution across multiple cores. Future multi-core designs may include heterogeneous cores specialized for different tasks to further improve efficiency.
This document discusses processor architecture and the ARM processor. It begins with an overview of the von Neumann and Harvard architectures. It then covers the ARM instruction set architecture, including general-purpose register architecture, CISC vs RISC designs, and techniques for exploiting instruction-level parallelism like superscalar and VLIW approaches. The document also discusses the ARM programming model, data types, instruction formats, and conditional execution.
Industrial Economics and Management Lab ManualSachin Airan
This document contains a lab manual for the subject Industrial Economics & Management. It includes details about 2 experiments - the first covers money, banking, and international trade, defining key terms and concepts. The second experiment covers management principles, outlining Henri Fayol's 14 principles of management such as division of work, authority and responsibility, unity of command, and scalar chain. The manual provides theory, procedures, and sample questions for each experiment.
This document discusses multi-core processors. It begins by defining a multi-core processor as a single computing component with two or more independent processing units, or cores, that work together in parallel. It then covers different multi-core architectures including dual-core, quad-core, and those with shared caches. Performance analysis shows advantages like improved multi-tasking productivity and security due to shorter signal distances, though costs are higher and thermal management is more difficult than single-core processors. Common applications include video editing, encoding, gaming and graphics.
The document discusses multi-core architectures. It describes how multi-core CPUs have multiple processor cores on a single die or chip. Each core can run threads independently and in parallel. The cores share the same memory and socket. This allows more parallelism compared to single-core CPUs. Multi-core architectures help address limitations in increasing clock speeds for single cores. Many applications are now multi-threaded and map efficiently to multi-core architectures.
This Presentation describes the ARM CORTEX M3 core processor with the details of the core peripherals. Soon a CORTEX base controller(STM32F100RBT6) ppt will be uploaded. For more information mail me at:[email protected].
Embedded System Basics - Introduction.pptalaakaraja1
This document discusses embedded system basics and applications. It defines an embedded system as one that has computer hardware with software embedded in it as an important component. Embedded systems have processors, memory, I/O devices and application software. They are commonly used in household appliances, audio/visual devices, industrial equipment, vehicles and medical instruments. The document covers embedded system components, classifications, processors, hardware, software and applications.
Summer training embedded system and its scopeArshit Rai
CETPA INFOTECH PVT LTD is one of the IT education and training service provider brands of India that is preferably working in 3 most important domains. It includes IT Training services, software and embedded product development and consulting services.
http://www.cetpainfotech.com
This document discusses embedded system basics and applications. It defines an embedded system as one that has computer hardware with software embedded in it as an important component. Embedded systems have constraints of limited memory, processor speed, and the need to limit power dissipation. The document describes common components of embedded systems like processors, memory, I/O devices, and software. It also discusses different types of embedded systems based on complexity, and gives many examples of applications like household appliances, automotive systems, medical devices, and more.
Summer training embedded system and its scopeArshit Rai
CETPA INFOTECH PVT LTD is one of the IT education and training service provider brands of India that is preferably working in 3 most important domains. It includes IT Training services, software and embedded product development and consulting services.
The document discusses the objectives and syllabus of an embedded systems course. It aims to introduce students to the building blocks of embedded systems including processors, memory, I/O devices and software. The syllabus covers topics like embedded networking protocols, embedded development environments, real-time operating systems and embedded applications. Example applications discussed include washing machines, automotive systems and smart cards.
This document provides an overview of embedded systems, including what they are, where they are commonly found, and the key components and differences between microprocessors and microcontrollers. Embedded systems combine hardware and software to perform a dedicated function, and are found in many everyday devices like home appliances, vehicles, phones, and medical equipment. They contain microprocessors or microcontrollers that act as the central computing element. Microcontrollers are typically lower cost and contain CPU, memory and I/O on a single chip, making them well-suited for embedded applications where size, cost and power are constraints.
This document discusses embedded systems. It defines a system as a set of components that work together according to fixed rules or programs. It then provides examples of systems like watches and washing machines. The document outlines the typical components of an embedded system including hardware like processors, memory, and I/O devices, as well as application software and an optional real-time operating system. It classifies embedded systems as small, medium, or sophisticated based on their complexity and components. Finally, it describes various types of processors commonly used in embedded systems like microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, and application-specific integrated circuits.
introduction to embedded system presentationAmr Rashed
An embedded system is a type of electronic system programmed to perform specific tasks. It contains hardware and software components that work together to perform functions like displaying time on a watch or washing clothes in a washing machine. Key components of an embedded system include a processor, memory, input/output interfaces and application software. Embedded systems have become more advanced over time, evolving from using vacuum tubes and transistors to today's microcontrollers and microprocessors. They provide advantages like small size, low power consumption and low cost. Common applications include consumer electronics, automobiles, industrial automation and medical devices.
This document provides an introduction and overview of embedded systems and embedded system design. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
1. It defines embedded systems and lists their essential components as well as characteristics including low cost, low power usage, and small size.
2. It discusses the requirements of embedded microcontroller cores including memory, ports, timers, interrupts, and serial data transfer standards to interface with real-world peripherals.
3. It also covers embedded programming, real-time operating systems, example applications, and textbooks on embedded systems design.
Embedded systems contain processors designed to perform dedicated functions. They tightly integrate hardware and software to perform tasks like controlling quadcopters, engines, and satellites. Embedded systems have processors unlike general purpose CPUs in PCs. They are integral parts of larger systems. Microcontrollers are commonly used embedded systems that integrate a processor, memory, and I/O on a single chip. They include peripherals like timers, analog-to-digital converters, and communication protocols. The microcontroller acts as the brain that processes instructions from memory and transfers data through buses to peripherals and memory to control inputs and outputs.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems. It defines embedded systems as computing systems with tightly coupled hardware and software that are designed to perform dedicated functions. Embedded systems have characteristics like reliability, efficiency, constrained resources, single-functionality, complex functionality where safety is critical. Common applications include automotive, telecommunications, consumer electronics, industrial equipment, medical devices, and more. The document outlines the design process for embedded systems including hardware/software partitioning and discusses processing engines like microprocessors and microcontrollers. It provides details on memory types, CPU architectures, and concludes with an overview of the software development process.
The document discusses programmable logic controllers (PLCs), including their architecture, types, modules, configuration, scan cycle, capabilities, and selection criteria. It describes the main components of a PLC, including input and output modules, a central processing unit, memory, power supply, and programming devices. The three main types of PLC architectures are fixed, modular, and distributed PLCs, which vary in size, flexibility, customization, and suitable applications.
This document provides an introduction to microcontrollers and embedded systems. It defines a microcontroller as an integrated circuit containing a processor, memory, and input/output peripherals on a single chip designed to perform specific tasks in embedded systems. The key components of a microcontroller are described as the processor, RAM, ROM, I/O peripherals, clocks and timers. Microcontrollers are contrasted with microprocessors, which do not contain integrated memory and peripherals and require external components. Popular microcontroller manufacturers are listed and the course will involve using an ATmega32 microcontroller, Proteus simulation software, and CodeVisionAVR and eXtreme Burner programming tools.
Embedded systems are custom computer systems designed for specific control functions within larger mechanical or electronic systems. They have specialized processors optimized for their dedicated functions and operate under defined constraints. This document categorizes embedded systems as stand-alone, real-time, or networked. It describes common hardware components like processors, memory, I/O devices, and communication interfaces. Examples of embedded system applications include consumer electronics, medical devices, telecommunications, and industrial automation.
An embedded system is a computer system designed to perform specific control functions within a larger system. Embedded systems contain specialized processors and memory, and are programmed to perform predefined tasks like controlling machines or devices. They range in size from small portable devices like watches to large stationary installations like traffic light controllers. The document discusses the history, features, characteristics, processors, debugging, and reliability considerations of embedded systems.
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. Originally applied to water (hydromechanics), it found applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well as geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology.
It can be divided into fluid statics, the study of various fluids at rest, and fluid dynamics.
Fluid statics, also known as hydrostatics, is the study of fluids at rest, specifically when there's no relative motion between fluid particles. It focuses on the conditions under which fluids are in stable equilibrium and doesn't involve fluid motion.
Fluid kinematics is the branch of fluid mechanics that focuses on describing and analyzing the motion of fluids, such as liquids and gases, without considering the forces that cause the motion. It deals with the geometrical and temporal aspects of fluid flow, including velocity and acceleration. Fluid dynamics, on the other hand, considers the forces acting on the fluid.
Fluid dynamics is the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion. It is a branch of continuum mechanics, a subject which models matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms; that is, it models matter from a macroscopic viewpoint rather than from microscopic.
Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research, typically mathematically complex. Many problems are partly or wholly unsolved and are best addressed by numerical methods, typically using computers. A modern discipline, called computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is devoted to this approach. Particle image velocimetry, an experimental method for visualizing and analyzing fluid flow, also takes advantage of the highly visual nature of fluid flow.
Fundamentally, every fluid mechanical system is assumed to obey the basic laws :
Conservation of mass
Conservation of energy
Conservation of momentum
The continuum assumption
For example, the assumption that mass is conserved means that for any fixed control volume (for example, a spherical volume)—enclosed by a control surface—the rate of change of the mass contained in that volume is equal to the rate at which mass is passing through the surface from outside to inside, minus the rate at which mass is passing from inside to outside. This can be expressed as an equation in integral form over the control volume.
The continuum assumption is an idealization of continuum mechanics under which fluids can be treated as continuous, even though, on a microscopic scale, they are composed of molecules. Under the continuum assumption, macroscopic (observed/measurable) properties such as density, pressure, temperature, and bulk velocity are taken to be well-defined at "infinitesimal" volume elements—small in comparison to the characteristic length scale of the system, but large in comparison to molecular length scale
In tube drawing process, a tube is pulled out through a die and a plug to reduce its diameter and thickness as per the requirement. Dimensional accuracy of cold drawn tubes plays a vital role in the further quality of end products and controlling rejection in manufacturing processes of these end products. Springback phenomenon is the elastic strain recovery after removal of forming loads, causes geometrical inaccuracies in drawn tubes. Further, this leads to difficulty in achieving close dimensional tolerances. In the present work springback of EN 8 D tube material is studied for various cold drawing parameters. The process parameters in this work include die semi-angle, land width and drawing speed. The experimentation is done using Taguchi’s L36 orthogonal array, and then optimization is done in data analysis software Minitab 17. The results of ANOVA shows that 15 degrees die semi-angle,5 mm land width and 6 m/min drawing speed yields least springback. Furthermore, optimization algorithms named Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) are applied which shows that 15 degrees die semi-angle, 10 mm land width and 8 m/min drawing speed results in minimal springback with almost 10.5 % improvement. Finally, the results of experimentation are validated with Finite Element Analysis technique using ANSYS.
Value Stream Mapping Worskshops for Intelligent Continuous SecurityMarc Hornbeek
This presentation provides detailed guidance and tools for conducting Current State and Future State Value Stream Mapping workshops for Intelligent Continuous Security.
The role of the lexical analyzer
Specification of tokens
Finite state machines
From a regular expressions to an NFA
Convert NFA to DFA
Transforming grammars and regular expressions
Transforming automata to grammars
Language for specifying lexical analyzers
"Feed Water Heaters in Thermal Power Plants: Types, Working, and Efficiency G...Infopitaara
A feed water heater is a device used in power plants to preheat water before it enters the boiler. It plays a critical role in improving the overall efficiency of the power generation process, especially in thermal power plants.
🔧 Function of a Feed Water Heater:
It uses steam extracted from the turbine to preheat the feed water.
This reduces the fuel required to convert water into steam in the boiler.
It supports Regenerative Rankine Cycle, increasing plant efficiency.
🔍 Types of Feed Water Heaters:
Open Feed Water Heater (Direct Contact)
Steam and water come into direct contact.
Mixing occurs, and heat is transferred directly.
Common in low-pressure stages.
Closed Feed Water Heater (Surface Type)
Steam and water are separated by tubes.
Heat is transferred through tube walls.
Common in high-pressure systems.
⚙️ Advantages:
Improves thermal efficiency.
Reduces fuel consumption.
Lowers thermal stress on boiler components.
Minimizes corrosion by removing dissolved gases.
Sorting Order and Stability in Sorting.
Concept of Internal and External Sorting.
Bubble Sort,
Insertion Sort,
Selection Sort,
Quick Sort and
Merge Sort,
Radix Sort, and
Shell Sort,
External Sorting, Time complexity analysis of Sorting Algorithms.
Passenger car unit (PCU) of a vehicle type depends on vehicular characteristics, stream characteristics, roadway characteristics, environmental factors, climate conditions and control conditions. Keeping in view various factors affecting PCU, a model was developed taking a volume to capacity ratio and percentage share of particular vehicle type as independent parameters. A microscopic traffic simulation model VISSIM has been used in present study for generating traffic flow data which some time very difficult to obtain from field survey. A comparison study was carried out with the purpose of verifying when the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models are appropriate for prediction of PCUs of different vehicle types. From the results observed that ANFIS model estimates were closer to the corresponding simulated PCU values compared to MLR and ANN models. It is concluded that the ANFIS model showed greater potential in predicting PCUs from v/c ratio and proportional share for all type of vehicles whereas MLR and ANN models did not perform well.
1. A Presentation of Summer Training done on
Embedded Systems
at C-DAC, Jaipur
Submitted to :
Mr. Manish Jain Sir
(ECE Dept.)
Submitted by :
Nishant Kayal
(13EJGEC023)
2. What is an Embedded System?
An embedded system is some combination of computer
hardware and software, either fixed in capability or
programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular
function.
It is embedded as part of a complete device often including
hardware and mechanical parts.
Modern embedded systems are often based
on microcontrollers (i.e. CPUs with integrated memory or
peripheral interfaces), but ordinary microprocessors (using
external chips for memory and peripheral interface circuits) are
also common, especially in more-complex systems.
3. Difference between Embedded and
General Purpose System
Embedded System
• Designed to do some specific set of tasks.
• Not programmable by end user.
• Low power consumption.
• Fixed time constraints.
• Task specific that’s why more economical.
General Purpose System
• Can perform multiple tasks.
• Programmable by end user.
• Generally high power consumption.
• Does not have fixed time constraints.
• Generally costly than task specific system.
4. Examples of Embedded Systems
Embedded systems control many of the
common devices in use today, like –
• Digital watches
• Traffic lights
• Printers
• Mobile phones
• Medical equipments
• MP3 Players
• Robots
• Routers
• Climate control in automobiles, etc.
5. What makes Embedded systems
different?
• Real time operation
• Size
• Cost
• Time
• Reliability
• Safety
• Energy
7. Key Components of Embedded
Systems
Processors:
• It is the central processing unit known as the heart of the embedded systems.
• It is the hardware that executes the software and brings life to the embedded system.
• Controls the activities of all the other circuits.
Memory:
• Used to store the software that the processor will run.
• Also provides storage for data such as program variables, intermediate results, status
information and any other data generated throughout the operation.
8. Processor
• A processor is the heart of the
Embedded System.
• For an embedded system designer
the knowledge of microprocessor
and microcontroller is a must.
9. Types of Processor
1. General Purpose processor (GPP)
– Microprocessor
– Microcontroller
2. Application Specific System Processor (ASSP)
3. Multi Processor System using GPPs
10. Microprocessor
• A microprocessor is a single chip semi conductor device also which is a
computer on chip, but not a complete computer.
• Its CPU contains an ALU, a program counter, a stack pointer, some
working register, a clock timing circuit and interrupt circuit on a single
chip.
• To make complete micro computer, one must add memory usually ROM
and RAM, memory decoder, an oscillator and a number of serial and
parallel ports.
12. Microcontroller
A microcontroller is a functional computer system-on-a-chip.
It contains a processor, memory, and programmable
input/output peripherals.
Microcontrollers include an integrated CPU, memory (a small
amount of RAM, program memory, or both) and peripherals
capable of input and output.
14. Microprocessor v/s Microcontroller
Microprocessor
• The functional blocks are ALU, registers,
timing & control units.
• Bit handling instruction is less, One or two
type only.
• It is used for designing general purpose
digital computers system.
Microcontroller
• It includes functional blocks of
microprocessors & in addition has timer,
parallel i/o, RAM, EPROM, ADC & DAC.
• Many type of bit handling instruction.
•They are used for designing application
specific dedicated systems.