Enabling user-centered-interactions in the Internet of Things
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1) Humans should be an integral part of interactions in the Internet of Things, not just observers. Mobile agents can enable thing-to-thing, human-to-thing, and human-to-human interactions in a decentralized way. 2) The document proposes using mobile agents and near field communication to build a system where users are in control of tasks and interactions between devices, sensors, and other users. 3) A prototype was implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of using mobile agents encapsulated in messages to facilitate interactions between various components in the Internet of Things.
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Enabling user-centered-interactions in the Internet of Things
- 1. Center for Ubiquitous Computing, University of Oulu, Finland Teemu Leppänen, Iván Sánchez Milara, Jilin Yang, Joonas Kataja and Jukka Riekki Enabling User-centered Interactions in the Internet of Things Leppänen, T., Sanchez Milara, I., Yang, J., Kataja, J. and Riekki, J. “Enabling User-centered Interactions in the Internet of Things”, In: IEEE SMC 2016, pp. 1537-1543, October 9-12, Budapest, Hungary, 2016.
- 2. Cloud infrastructure Current IoT architectures 2 SMC 2016
- 3. 3 SMC 2016 What is the role of humans in IoT ??? Just users of cloud-based services??? Just data observers???
- 4. Cloud infrastructure Current IoT architectures 4 SMC 2016
- 5. Humans in IoT 5 SMC 2016 Humans as communication nodes Humans as processing nodes Humans as actuators D. Nunes, P. Zhang, and J. Silva, “A survey on Human-in-the-Loop applications towards an Internet of All”, IEEE Commun. Surv. Tuts., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 944-965, February 2015. Icons designed by Madebyoliver from Flaticon
- 6. 6 SMC 2016 What should the role of humans in IoT ??? CC Attribution license. Postscapes and Harbor Research. http://www.postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic/
- 7. Interactions in IoT 7 SMC 2016 Thing to Thing Human to Thing Human to Human A. M. Ortiz, D. Hussein, S. Park, S. N. Han, and N. Crespi, “The Cluster Between Internet of Things and Social Networks: Review and Research Challenges,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 206–215, Jun. 2014.
- 8. 8 SMC 2016 How can we build those interactions ?
- 9. Mobile Agents for IoT 9 SMC 2016 IoT SOFTWARE FRAMEWORK Mobile agents operate as multi-agent system System components modeled as resources and accessed with Web protocols: HTTP & CoAP, providing interoperability T. Leppänen, M. Liu, E. Harjula, A. Ramalingam, J. Ylioja, P. Närhi, J. Riekki, and T. Ojala, “Mobile Agents for Integration of Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks,” in 2013 IEEE SMC2013, pp. 14–21. – Mobile agents are software agents with mobility: migrate between computers in networked systems – Agents are autonomous, intelligent and social – A distibuted application design and implementation paradigm
- 10. NFC 10 SMC 2016 NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION – Short range wireless technology (~5cm) – Data stored permanently in the tag – Readers embedded in mobile phones Reader/Writer P2P Card Emulation
- 11. User interactions in IoT 11 SMC 2016 Traditional approach • Central coordination usually in cloud platform • To execute a task it might involve multiple actions, all the load for the user. • Human-to-human interaction not considered • Conflicts between users solved by themselves with no information about current state of system or external components Mobile agents approach • Decentralized, autonomously operated by mobile agents • Agent performs actions to execute user-defined tasks • Mobile agents can assist users to take decisions. • Agents migrate based on human social relationships
- 12. Mobile agents interactions (I) 12 SMC 2016 Thing to Thing Mobile agent
- 13. Mobile agents interactions (II) 13 SMC 2016 Human to Thing Mobile agent Mobile agent Mobile agent Mobile agent
- 14. Mobile agents interactions (III) 14 SMC 2016 Human to Human Mobile agent Mobile agent Mobile agent Mobile agent Mobile agent
- 15. System architecture 15 SMC 2016 Migration through COAP message Web Service Migration through HTTP request Migration through NFC (social interaction) Agent requests data / actuates component Device Sensor/ Actuator Device Sensor/ Actuator Migration through NFC
- 16. Mobile agent architecture 16 SMC 2016 • Task code is application-specific • Task resources accessed through URLS with HTTP methods • State exposes (selected) task results in the system • HW, OS and programming language independent • Current implementations for embedded systems (binary code) and smartphones (Python, JavaScript)
- 17. Mobile agent encapsulated in a COAP message: • Enables standardized communication for embedded networked systems • Integrates disparate systems • Minimal protocol overhead • Reduces the resources needed for protocol translation Mobile agent encapsulation 17 SMC 2016 Resources addresses + utility data Task code (precompiled to node native language) COAP Message COAP Message embedded in one or several NDEF records
- 18. Summary 18 SMC 2016 • Humans are part of the IoT – It is necessary consider thing-to-thing, human-to-thing, human- to-human interactions – Move away from classical person-as-observer paradigm • We present an homogenous interaction method for the IoT – Best suited for scenarios where users should be in control – Technology enablers: Mobile agents and NFC • We implement a real world prototype to verify the feasibility of the system