English Civil War
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King James I dealt with issues of money and religion with Parliament. His son, Charles I, dissolved Parliament when they refused to raise taxes for his wars, leading to conflict over royal powers. This resulted in the English Civil War between Royalists and Parliamentarians led by Oliver Cromwell. Charles I was captured, tried for treason, and executed. Cromwell established a republic that was a dictatorship under his rule. After his death, the monarchy was restored but with new limits on royal power defined by the Bill of Rights.
English Civil War
- 1. King James, Charles I and Oliver Cromwell
- 2. Elizabeth I had no children James now must deal with Parliament Money issues Calvinist and did not act against catholic church Upset Puritans of Parliament King James Bible
- 3. Son of James I Needed money War with Spain and France Dissolved parliament when they refused to raise the taxes 1628 recalls parliament Forced to sign Petition of Rights
- 4. Could not jail without due cause No taxes without Parliament’s consent No quartering soldiers No martial law in peace time Charles ignored after he got his money Challenged DIVINE RIGHT and ABSOLUTISM
- 5. Religion causes problems Charles offends Puritans Formal prayer book Forces Scots to use same prayer book Threaten to invade England Charles again needs money Parliament has to be called
- 6. Enacts laws to limit king’s power Charles tries to arrest Parliament leaders They Escaped Mob of Londoners attack the palace Charles flees north to raise an army
- 7. Charles Supporters were Royalists or Cavaliers Parliament supporters called Roundheads Led by Oliver Cromwell Capture Charles and try and convict him of Treason Sentence him to death Revolutionaries to try, convict, and kill a King
- 9. Abolishes Monarchy and House of Lords Establishes a republic Drafts first written constitution of any European State Cromwell tears up and rules as military dictator Rebellion in Ireland breaks out and Cromwell invades Enforce Puritan Morality through laws Religious toleration for all Christians but Catholics
- 10. After Cromwell dies Charles II is asked to return to the throne Restores entertainment lost under Puritan rule Habeas Corpus Every prisoner has the right to obtain a writ ordering them before a judge Heir for Charles II a Catholic James II his brother
- 11. Whigs oppose James because of his religion Tories support James James flaunts Catholicism and appoints Catholics to high positions in government Dissolves Parliament when they protest Fear of Catholic rule of England Glorious Revolution kicked James out with help from William of Orange from the Netherlands.
- 12. James II older daughter Mary (protestant) married William 7 members of Parliament ask them to overthrow James to prevent Catholic rule William leads army to London and James flees to France Glorious Revolution because it was bloodless!
- 13. Constitutional Monarchy Bill of Rights NO suspending Parliament’s laws NO levying taxes without Parliament's consent NO interfering with freedom of speech of Parliament NO penalty for a citizen who petitions the King with a grievance Cabinet system develops when a group of ministers for parliament are link to King
- 14. 1. How was England controlled during this time? 2. Give a point-by-point breakdown of the key events of the Civil War 3. What was Charles I tried for? What happened to him? 4. What did the Barebones Government ban? 5. What post did the people want Cromwell to take? Why is that ironic? 6. What happened to the government after his death? What changes were made?