Entrepreneurial motivation
- 2. Introduction To Motivation The word ‘motivation’ comes from the Latin root ‘moveers’ which means to move. Motivation is usually defined as an internal state that arouses, directs and maintains behaviour. Motivation, thus may regarded as something which prompts, compels and energies an individual to act or behave .
- 3. ENTREPRENEURIAL MOTIVATION Entrepreneurial motivation may be defined as the process that activates the entrepreneurs to exert a high level of effort for the achievement of his/her goals. In other words, the entrepreneurial motivation refers to the drive or forces within an entrepreneur that affects his/her direction, intensity and persistence of voluntary behavior.
- 5. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory This theory was proposed by Abraham Maslow and is based on the assumption that people are motivated by a series of five universal needs. These needs are ranked, according to the order in which they influence human behaviour, in hierarchical fashion. As one type of need is satisfied, another higher order need will emerge and become operative in life.
- 7. Physiological Needs The most potent need. According to Maslow, when these physiological needs are developed for a long period, all other needs fail to appear or recede in the background. Physiological needs are deemed to be the lowest- level needs. These needs include the needs such as food and water.
- 9. Safety Needs When the physiological needs are successfully fulfilled then safety needs become the dominant force in the personality of the individual. Safety needs are many and are mainly concerned with maintaining order and security. Safety needs include a desire for security, stability, dependency, protection, freedom from fear and anxiety, and a need for structure, order, and law. In the workplace this needs translates into a need for at least a minimal degree of employment security; the knowledge that we cannot be fired on a whim and that appropriate levels of effort and productivity will ensure continued employment.
- 11. Social Need This need emphasize basic physiological nature of human beings to identify with the group life; making intimate relationship with other members of society. These needs are dependent on the fulfilment of previous needs.
- 13. Esteem Need Esteem needs include the desire for self- respect, self-esteem, and the esteem of others. When focused externally, these needs also include the desire for reputation, prestige, status, fame, glory, dominance, recognition, attention, importance, and appreciation.
- 15. Self-actualization Need The highest need. It means to fulfil one’s individual nature in all aspects, being what one can be. One of the most important aspects of self- actualization is freedom from cultural and self- imposed restrains. Self-actualization is possible when the basic needs of the person are met.
- 17. McClelland’s Theory of Needs According to David McClelland, regardless of culture or gender, people are driven by three motives: • Achievement • Affiliation • Power Since McClelland's first experiments, over 1,000 studies relevant to achievement motivation have been conducted. These studies strongly support the theory.
- 19. Achievement The need for achievement is characterized by the wish to take responsibility for finding solutions to problems, master complex tasks, set goals and get feedback on level of success.
- 20. Affiliation The need for affiliation is characterized by a desire to belong, an enjoyment of teamwork, a concern about interpersonal relationships, and a need to reduce uncertainty.
- 21. Power The need for power is characterized by a drive to control and influence others, a need to win arguments, a need to persuade and prevail
- 22. According to McClelland, the presence of these motives or drives in an individual indicates a predisposition to behave in certain ways. Therefore, from a manager's perspective, recognizing which need is dominant in any particular individual affects the way in which that person can be motivated.