Environmental Sustainability in the Marine Industry
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This document discusses sustainability in the marine industry from an environmental, economic, and social perspective. It defines sustainability and outlines the key elements of sustainable development including protecting the environment while enabling economic growth and social progress. Current environmental challenges in the marine sector like climate change, pollution, and waste are examined along with potential solutions. Future challenges such as depleted fish stocks, ocean acidification, and decommissioning are also addressed. The role of organizations like the IMarEST in promoting sustainability through technical expertise, global networks, and advocacy is explored.
Environmental Sustainability in the Marine Industry
- 1. Environment, Economics and Society – leading the way to environmental sustainability in the marine industry David Loosley, Chief Executive, IMarEST
- 2. Overview • Defining ‘sustainability’ • The overarching elements • The key players • Current environmental challenges • Future environmental challenges • The IMarEST and its role in sustainability
- 4. Sustainable development is commonly defined as development that which "meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." Economic Development People throughout the world deserve the best standard of living that is sustainable. Improving medical care, sanitation, education, and enabling people to support themselves with a good standard of living requires the generation of wealth by economic activity. Sustainable economies also need to be competitive in a world market. Products that are too expensive to buy cannot be sustainable, even if they are environmentally friendly Environmental Protection Sustainable human activities look to protect the Earth’s environment and limited resources to make sure it is not damaged for future generations. Social Development To have a sustainable future, the needs of people must be met and the best standard of living possible must be achieved without harming or exploiting others. Sustainable development addresses these needs by promoting equality, education and participation in local communities.
- 5. All too often, development is driven by one particular need, without fully considering the wider or future impacts. We’ve seen the damage this kind of approach can cause, from large-scale financial crises caused by irresponsible banking, to climate-change from our dependence on fossil fuels. Living within our environmental limits is one of the central principles of sustainable development. But the focus of sustainable development is far broader than just the environment. It's also about ensuring a strong, healthy and just society. This means meeting the diverse needs of all people in existing and future communities, promoting personal wellbeing, social cohesion and inclusion, and creating equal opportunity.
- 6. History • 1972 - United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm brought the industrialized and developing nations together to delineate the ‘rights’ of the human family to a healthy and productive environment • 1980 - International Union for the Conservation of Natural Resources (IUCN) published the World Conservation Strategy (WCS) which provided a precursor to the concept of sustainable development • 1992 - UN Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) was held in Rio de Janeiro and adopted an agenda for environment and development in the 21st Century • 2012 - “Rio+20" how to build a green economy to achieve sustainable development and lift people out of poverty; and how to improve international coordination for sustainable development. = more than $513 billion was pledged to build a sustainable future
- 8. • UN has 8 Millennium Development Goals – energy is central to nearly every major challenge and opportunity the world faces today • The basic human needs of food, clean water and energy are pivotal drivers for sustainable development in the marine and maritime sector. • A profound change of the global food and agriculture system is needed if we are to nourish today's 925 million hungry and the additional 2 billion people expected by 2050. • Clean, accessible water for all is an essential part of the world we want to live in. There is sufficient fresh water on the planet to achieve this but by 2050, at least one in four people is likely to live in a country affected by chronic or recurring shortages of fresh water.
- 9. Rio + 20 Sustainable Energy for All – Universal energy access, renewable energy & energy efficiency A Focus on Oceans – Sustainable fisheries – Protection of coral reefs – Reduction of invasive species The world's oceans - their temperature, chemistry, currents and life - drive global systems that make the Earth habitable for humankind. Our rainwater, drinking water, weather, climate, coastlines, much of our food, and even the oxygen in the air we breathe, are all ultimately provided and regulated by the sea. Throughout history, oceans and seas have been vital conduits for trade and transportation. Careful management of this essential global resource is a key feature of a sustainable future
- 10. Key Players in Sustainable Development • Business and Industry • Children and Youth • Farmers • Indigenous Peoples • Governments and Local Authorities • NGOs • Scientific & Technological Community • Women • Workers and Trade Unions
- 11. Business and Industry • Nearly 8,000 companies from 140 countries participate in the United Nations Global Compact. • The Global Corporate Sustainability Report 2013 reveals that businesses around the world are beginning to take sustainability more seriously. • Environmental principles are: – Businesses should support a precautionary approach to environmental challenges – undertake initiatives to promote greater environmental responsibility – encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies
- 12. How businesses can commit to sustainable development
- 13. Business and Industry • There is no alternative to sustainable development • Sustainable development can drive innovation • Voluntary action might not be enough • Businesses can yield bottom-line and top line returns.
- 14. Legislation • There has been a mass of guidance and policies permeating the industry with regard to sustainable development, but little in the way of primary legislation • For example - There have been a number of EU Directives and statutes passed over the years but all have more oblique roles apropos sustainable development since they tend to have broadly environmental roots.
- 15. Legislation & IMO – A Sustainable Maritime Transportation System • The IMO vision states … “to achieve a sustainable maritime transport system it is a must to minimize the environmental impact of shipping and activities of maritime industries”. • Environmental stewardship should be reflected in the development and implementation of global standards for pollution prevention and protection of the marine environment.
- 17. Current Environmental Issues – against the 3 pillars
- 18. Why care? • Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. • Globally, the market value of marine and coastal resources and industries is estimated at $3 trillion per year or about 5 per cent of global GDP. • Oceans contain nearly 200,000 identified species, but actual numbers may lie in the millions. • Oceans absorb about 30 per cent of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of global warming. • Oceans serve as the world’s largest source of protein, with more than 2.6 billion people depending on the oceans as their primary source of protein. • Marine fisheries directly or indirectly employ over 200 million people. • Subsidies for fishing are contributing to the rapid depletion of many fish species and are preventing efforts to save and restore global fisheries and related jobs, causing ocean fisheries to generate US$ 50 billion less per year than they could. • As much as 40 per cent of the world oceans are heavily affected by human activities, including pollution, depleted fisheries, and loss of coastal habitats.
- 19. Climate Change – The Big Issue
- 20. GHG emissions from shipping
- 21. GHG Emissions GHG emissions responsible for climate change Protection of people from impacts of climate change Costs to shippers to comply with legislation
- 22. GHG – mitigation • Speed reduction by ships • Speed reduction due to port efficiency • Shore side power/cold ironing • Carbon credits/Other market based measures • Improved anti-foulings • Alternative power sources (renewable such as wind, kites, solar) • Alternative fuels such as LNG, biofuel • Propeller polishing • Water flow optimisation • Propeller upgrades • Hull cleaning • Air lubrication • Waste heat reduction • Main engine retrofits • High efficiency lighting • Optimal routing • Tuning/Process improvement on energy production • Smart technology for fluid handling applications • Autopilot upgrades
- 23. NOx and SOx emissions Harmful acidification and nutrient enhancement Adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects Cost of health care & Cost to shipping
- 24. NOx and SOx mitigation • Water Injection • Selective catalytic reduction • Low Sulphur fuel/marine distillites • Scrubbers • Alternative power sources (renewable such as wind, kites, solar) • Alternative fuels such as LNG, biofuel • Shore side power/cold ironing • Exhaust gas recirculation
- 25. Spills & Leaks Direct impact to wildlife and habitats Damage to livelihoods and impact on food chain Clean up costs Loss of livelihood
- 26. Mitigating spills and leaks • Ship design • Maintenance & Owner responsibility • Competence • Navigational aids & Onboard equipment • Surveillance • Inspections • Reception facilities • Cargo owner & consumer responsibility
- 27. Invasive Species Lower biodiversity and an unhealthy ecosystem Human health issues and loss of livelihoods Cost of invasive species/cost of BWM /Antifouling
- 28. Mitigation of invasive species • Legal instruments and financial penalties • Ballast Water Management • Ballast Water Treatment • Ballast Water Exchange • Antifouling coatings • Cleaning intervals • Propeller cleaning • Good maintenence
- 29. Waste Management Direct impact to wildlife via entrapment & injestion Direct harm to beach goers & swimmers plus loss of livelihood Clean up costs Loss of livelihood
- 30. Mitigating Garbage • Reducing the use of disposable consumer products (e.g. plastic bags) • Incentivising the reuse of plastic and other containers through deposit schemes and reverse vending. • Extended producer responsibility • Better waste disposal facilities in coastal municipalities and at beaches • Beach clean-ups • Educational programs and promotional activities on marine litter • Improved waste water treatment to prevent microplastics and other sewage related debris entering the sea from sewage outlets • A more harmonized port reception facilities regime and discharge of water at port facilities • Increased enforcement and higher fines for littering,both at sea and on land • Measures to prevent loss of containers on ships and safer waste transportation
- 31. Sewage O2 depletion leading to death of aquatic animals and plants Risk to public health for swimmers & eating contaminated seafood Health costs Loss of livelihood Cost of equipment
- 32. Mitigating Sewage • a sewage treatment plant • a sewage comminuting and disinfecting system, with facilities for temporary storage of sewage • a holding tank for the retention of sewage which has sufficient capacity and has a visual indicator of the amount of its contents • Sewage that has been treated can be discharged anywhere at sea. • Sewage that has been comminuted and disinfected can be discharged a minimum of three miles from the nearest land. Untreated sewage must be discharged no less than 12 nautical miles from the nearest land. • In all the above cases the vessel must be proceeding at not less than 4 knots when making the discharge.
- 33. Underwater Noise Impacts on marine life in particular mammals who depend on sound Loss of keystone marine species Cost of quieting measures
- 34. Mitigating Underwater Noise • Design considerations – Propeller design – Hull design • On board machinery – Engine design • Operational – Speed – Hull & propeller cleaning – Routing to avoid mammals – Marine mammal observers
- 36. • Depletion of Fish Stocks • Radioactive material • Ocean Acidification • Exploitation of Marine Genetic Resources • Marine mining • Coral Reef management • Emissions of Black Carbon • Nutrient over enrichment • Exploration in harsher environments • Decommissioning
- 37. Sustainability will drive innovation and innovation will drive sustainability
- 38. THE IMAREST AND ITS ROLE IN SUSTAINABILITY
- 39. IMarEST Mission • Our vision is a world where marine resources and activities are sustained, managed and developed for the benefit of humanity • Delivering Safe and Sustainable Seas • Environmental Sustainability is the area of most common ground between Science, Engineering & Technology
- 40. Our Members • Marine Scientists in: • Oceanography • Marine Biology • Climate Change research • Marine Engineers in: • Defence • Merchant Navy • Ship Building and Ship Repair • Oil and Gas • Marine Technologists in: • Marine Logistics • Hydrographic Surveying and Cartography • Navigation and Deck • Marine Renewable Energy
- 41. Our Global Reach
- 42. Our Technical Voice Our Technical Policy International Maritime Organization Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission United Nations Convention on The Law of The Sea International Panel on Climate Change Observer Observer Consultative Observer (IPCC) (IOC) (LOS issues) (IMO) International Hydrographic Organization Observer (IHO)
- 43. IMarEST Special Interest Groups (Sigs)
- 44. Climate Change Mitigation, Impacts and Adaptation
- 45. How? • Technical networks via NEXUS – open to all members • Special interest & expert groups- small groupings of experts but with transparency • Technical workshops • Conferences & training courses • Inputs to IGOs • Publications
- 46. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- #6: All too often, development is driven by one particular need, without fully considering the wider or future impacts. We are already seeing the damage this kind of approach can cause, from large-scale financial crises caused by irresponsible banking, to changes in global climate resulting from our dependence on fossil fuel-based energy sources. The longer we pursue unsustainable development, the more frequent and severe its consequences are likely to become, which is why we need to take action now. So is it all just about the environment? Living within our environmental limits is one of the central principles of sustainable development. One implication of not doing so is climate change. But the focus of sustainable development is far broader than just the environment. It's also about ensuring a strong, healthy and just society. This means meeting the diverse needs of all people in existing and future communities, promoting personal wellbeing, social cohesion and inclusion, and creating equal opportunity. Sustainable development is about finding better ways of doing things, both for the future and the present. A sustainable development approach can bring many benefits in the short to medium term. Sustainable development provides an approach to making better decisions on the issues that affect all of our lives.
- #12: The global compact has 10 principles that cover labour, environmental protection, human rights and anti-corruption in relation to sustainable development .. (See slide)
- #17: Taken one by one – look at the environmental issue but also touching on the context of how they fit within the defined pillars of sustainable development
- #19: Oceans cover three quarters of the Earth’s surface, contain 97 per cent of the Earth’s water, and represent 99 per cent of the living space on the planet by volume. Over three billion people depend on marine and coastal biodiversity for their livelihoods. Globally, the market value of marine and coastal resources and industries is estimated at $3 trillion per year or about 5 per cent of global GDP. Oceans contain nearly 200,000 identified species, but actual numbers may lie in the millions. Oceans absorb about 30 per cent of carbon dioxide produced by humans, buffering the impacts of global warming. Oceans serve as the world’s largest source of protein, with more than 2.6 billion people depending on the oceans as their primary source of protein. Marine fisheries directly or indirectly employ over 200 million people. Subsidies for fishing are contributing to the rapid depletion of many fish species and are preventing efforts to save and restore global fisheries and related jobs, causing ocean fisheries to generate US$ 50 billion less per year than they could. As much as 40 per cent of the world oceans are heavily affected by human activities, including pollution, depleted fisheries, and loss of coastal habitats.
- #43: We hold special consultative status at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and Observer status with the International Hydrographic Organization and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. In addition, we contribute to the work and meetings of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change and processes related to the United Nations Convention on the Law of The Sea. Our members can get involved with our consultations and really make a change, having a voice, and having an impact on the future of the maritime and marine world.