EOS
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This document discusses embedded operating systems and Linux as an embedded OS. It defines what an embedded OS is and characteristics that make a good embedded OS, including being modular, scalable, configurable, and having a small footprint. It discusses real-time operating systems and players in the embedded OS market like Wind River Systems, QNX, Green Hills Software, and Microsoft. It outlines how Linux is well-suited for embedded applications due to its open source nature, reliability, and large developer community. Example embedded Linux products and their applications are provided.
EOS
- 1. Embedded Operating Systems and Linux Bill Latura April 23, 2002
- 2. Agenda What is an embedded Operating System Who are the players Linux as an embedded OS Tools and development Applications and products The embedded OS market Embedded OS Resources
- 3. OS Flavors Desktop • Windows (9X, XP Home, XP/2000 Pro) • Mac Server • Windows (XP/2000 Server &Advanced Server) • Unix Varieties Embedded • Many
- 4. What is an Embedded OS? An "embedded system" is any computer system or computing device that performs a dedicated function or is designed for use with a specific embedded software application. Embedded systems may use a ROM-based operating system or they may use a disk-based system, like a PC. But an embedded system is not usable as a commercially viable substitute for general purpose computers or devices.
- 5. What makes a good Embedded OS? Modular Scalable Configurable Small footprint CPU support Device drivers etc, etc, etc...
- 6. What is Real Time? “A real time system is one in which the correctness of the computations not only depends upon the logical correctness of the computation but also upon the time at which the result is produced. If the timing constraints of the system are not met, system failure is said to have occurred.” - Donald Gillies
- 7. What is Real Time? “Real time in operating systems: The ability of the operating system to provide a required level of service in a bounded response time.” - POSIX Standard 1003.1
- 8. Hard vs. Soft Real Time Hard • guaranteed worst-case response times • absolutely, positively, first time every time Soft • Kinda, sorta, usually
- 9. What makes a good RTOS? Multi-threaded and pre-emptible Thread priority has to exist because no deadline driven OS exists Must support predictable thread synchronization mechanisms A system of priority inheritance must exist
- 10. Who are the Embedded OS players? Wind River Systems • VxWorks • pSOS QNX Software Systems • QNX Green Hills Software • Integrity
- 11. Who are the Embedded OS players? Mentor Graphics • VRTX Palm Computing • PalmOS Symbian • SymbianOS
- 12. Microsoft Embedded NT/XP • “Real-time” control Windows CE (CE.NET) • Internet devices Pocket PC 2002 • Handheld PC’s and PDA’s
- 13. Commercial Embedded Linux AMIRIX Embedded Linux • derived from Debian Coollogic Coollinux • combines Linux and Java for Internet apps Coventive Xlinux • kernel can be as small as 143KB Esfia RedBlue Linux • 400K, designed for wireless apps
- 14. Commercial Embedded Linux KYZO Pizza Box Linux • SAMBA based file, print, CD server Lineo Embedix • supports real time and high availability apps LynuxWorks BlueCat • general purpose embedded solution MontaVista Linux • general purpose embedded solution
- 15. Commercial Embedded Linux Neoware NeoLinux • Red Hat derived for information appliances PalmPalm Tynux • Internet appliuance and multimedia Red Hat Embedded Linux • general purpose embedded solution RedSonic Red-Ice Linux • runs from DiskonChip or CompactFlash
- 16. Commercial Embedded Linux RidgeRun DSP Linux • for multimedia, wireless, RT on DSP TimeSys Linux GPL • low latency enhanced kernel Tuxia TASTE • distro targets Internet appliances Vital Systems vLinux • for ARM based embedded apps
- 17. Open Source Embedded Linux Embedded Debian Project • convert Debian to an embedded OS ETLinux • for PC104 SBC’s uCLinux • for microprocessors that don’t have MM uLinux (muLinux) • distro fits on a single floppy
- 18. Commercial Linux RTOS FSMLabs - Open RT Linux Lineo - Embedix Realtime LynuxWorks - BlueCat RT MontaVista Software - Real Time Extensions REDSonic - REDICE Linux TimeSys - Linux/Real-Time
- 19. Open Source Linux RTOS ART Linux - real time extension based on RTLinux KURT - event schedules with 10us resolution Linux-SRT - for soft real time apps like multimedia Qlinux - provides Quality of Service guarantees RTAI - “hard” Real Time Application Interface
- 20. RTLinux A “hard real-time” mini operating system runs Linux as it’s lowest priority execution thread Linux thread completely preemptible Real time threads and interrupt handlers never delayed by non-realtime operations Supports user level programming MiniRTL implementation fits on a floppy
- 21. What’s so special about Linux? Multiple choices vs. sole source Source code freely available Robust and reliable Modular, configurable, scalable Superb support for networking and Internet No runtime licenses Large pool of skilled developers
- 22. What’s so special about Linux?
- 23. What’s special about Open Source?
- 24. Flies in the Ointment Lack of hardware device drivers Competing and/or lacking standards No formalized qualification testing No single source for marketing GPL license issues Startup vendors with shaky futures
- 25. What CPU’s will it run on? Intel X86 MIPS ARM StrongARM PowerPC Hitachi SuperH
- 27. Single Board Computers • Little Board (5.75 x 8.0 in.) -- complete systems on a single compact board, expandable with plug-on function modules • ISA "slot boards" (full-length, 13.8 x 4.8 in.; half-length, 7.1 x 4.8 in.) -- IBM PC plug-in cards which could function as standalone SBCs backplanes) • PC/104 modules (3.6 x 3.8 in.) -- compact, rugged, self-stacking modules featuring a reliable pin-and-socket board-to-board expansion bus
- 28. Single Board Computers with PCI • PC/104-Plus -- PCI added to PC/104 • EBX -- PC/104-Plus added to Little Board
- 29. Target Devices
- 30. Any Development Tools Available? QT/Embedded Other GUI/Windowing toolkits Arcom Control Systems GNUPro Tools Vendor specific Standard Linux toolset
- 31. C or C++ for Development? In general C is a better choice • Advanced OOP features can cause code bloat • C++ compilers can generate many routines for a single function • Virtual methods and polymorphism slow program launch times significantly Size really does matter
- 32. What’s It Being Used For? Control and Monitoring Applications Industrial Controllers TV Set Top Boxes (TiVO) Handheld PDA’s Automobile Computers Telecomm and Networking Hardware Myriad and sundry other uses...
- 34. Cyclades TS-100 Netlinos OS Dual 50MHz PowerPC 16MB SDRAM 4MB Flash Ethernet/Serial/RS485 Size of a deck of cards
- 35. Sixnet VersaTRAK IPm Embedded Linux PowerPC CPU 16MB DRAM 16MB Flash Serial & Ethernet Ports Linux and IEC1131 Programming/Modbus
- 36. Sharp Zaurus Lineo Embedix 206 MHz StrongARM 64 MB DRAM 16MB Flash 3.5” display (320x240) 64K colors Opera browser & Qtopia QT/Embedded GUI
- 37. Cell and Web Phones Telepong Mobile Phone GITWiT Mobile Phone Aplio/PRO IP Phone
- 38. TiVO Set Top Box Home grown port of Embedded Linux 54MHz PowerPC Multi GB hard disk
- 39. Axis 2120 Network Camera uCLinux Built-in Ethernet port 100 MHz ETRAX CPU 16 MB RAM
- 40. Humanoid Robots Isamu Univ. of Tokyo/Kawanda Ind. Dual Pentium CPU RT-Linux Height: 53 inches Weight: 121 lbs.
- 41. Humanoid Robots Fujitsu RT-Linux Height: 48 cm Weight: 6 kg 100 units/yr HOAP
- 42. The Embedded OS Market 2001
- 43. The Embedded OS Market 2002
- 44. Growth of Embedded Linux
- 45. For Further Info Web Sites LinuxDevices.com http://www.linuxdevices.com/ Embedded Linux Consortium http://www.embedded-linux.org/index.php3 All Linux Devices http://alllinuxdevices.com/ Embedded Linux StarGate http://linux-embedded.com/
- 46. For Further Info Web Sites/Magazines Dr. Dobbs Embedded Systems http://www.ddjembedded.com/about/ Embedded Linux Journal http://embedded.linuxjournal.com/ Embedded Systems Programming http://www.embedded.com/mag.htm