Evolution of planning legislation in india

The Maharaja Sayajirao University,
Vadodara MURP-2014-16 | PARTH SADARIA
Planning Legislation & Professional Practice
Evolution of planning legislation in India

• Planning of town and cities in India dates back to the Vedic times.
• Mansara Shilpa Shastra is the oldest known scripture in India which talks about town and village planning.
• During the modern times, the organized efforts for the Town Planning started during British period, which not only provided
legal support, but also provided a guideline for preparing planning proposals.
• The history of contemporary planning practice in India dates back to the enactment of the Bombay Improvement Trust Act
1920.
BACKGROUND
• The visit of Sir Patrick Geddes to India and his propagation of the work -home
place theory laid the foundation for the setting up of Improvement Trusts
and subsequently thinking process for enactment of Town and Country
Planning Acts in various States and the establishment of State T&CP
Departments.
• Following this, Urban Development Authorities were set up under
Development Authority Acts for addressing the problems of fast growing
towns and cities and formulating Master Plans which apart from having
strong spatial connotations also have both social and economic aims.
Evolutionary Process of Acts City
Improvement acts
• Bombay Improvement act 1898
• Mysore Improvement Act – 1903
• Calcutta improvement Act1911
Town Planning act
• Bombay town planning act, 1915
• Madras town planning act, 1920
• Madhya Pradesh town planning act, 1948
• Jammu and Kashmir town planning act, 1963
Town and Improvement trust acts
• Bihar town planning and Improvement trust act, 1931
• Orissa town planning and Improvement trust act, 1956
Town and country planning acts
• Assam town and country planning act, 1959
• Mysore town and country planning act, 1961
• Gujarat town and country planning act, 1964

STATUTORY PROCESS FOR PLANNED DEVELOPMENT OF TOWNS AND CITIES
• Statutory process of master plan formulation in India was inspired by the erstwhile comprehensive planning
system envisaged under the Town and Country Planning Act, 1947 of United Kingdom.
• As most of the Town Improvement Trust Acts then in force in various states did not contain provisions for
preparation of Master Plans, a need was felt to have a Comprehensive Town and Country Planning Act on the lines
of U.K.
• Accordingly, Central Town and Country Planning Organization or TCPO drafted the Model Town and Regional
Planning and Development Law in 1962, which formed the basis for various States to enact Town and Country
Planning Acts, with modifications to suit local conditions.
• model Law was revised by TCPO in year 1985 as “Model Regional and Town Planning and Development Law” to
enact a comprehensive urban and regional planning legislation in all the States and UT’s.

Two Types of
Planning
Systems
Socio-economic
Development
Planning System
Five Year Plan
National
Planning
Commission
Spatial Planning
System
focuses on judicious use of land.
Spatial planning levels: National;
Inter-state; State; Metropolitan area;
District; Local.
Plans prepared in consultation with
•the National Development Council,
•central ministries,
•state governments,
•Experts, and also
•civil society organizations.
Economic sectors:
Agriculture,
industry,
Energy,
Transport,
Communication,
Rural development,
Urban development.
Social sectors:
Health, Education,
Employment and skill development,
Women and child development,
Social inclusion.
PLANNING SYSTEM IN INDIA

PLANNING COMMISSION
• The planning commission is an organization in the government of India which formulates India's five year plan
• It was set up on 15 mar, 1950 with prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru as the chairman
FIVE YEAR PLAN:
• It is the plan document constructed on the basis of recommendation made by a large number of working
groups which deal with the major sector of economic activities.
• It lays down broad strategies, objectives, growth rate, sectoral targets etc.
Components of five year plans –
• Central component
• State component
In the introduction to the five year plan, Jawaharlal Nehru said "planning is a continuous movement
towards desired goals".
In India five year plans have been implemented since 1st April 1951

Plan Target Actual Main Goal
First Plan (1951 – 56) 2.9% 3.6% • Agricultural & Transport sector.
Second Plan (1956 – 61) 4.5% 4.3%
• Rapid industrialization with special emphasis on basic and Heavy
industries.
Third Plan (1961 – 66) 5.6% 2.8%
• Self-reliance, Self-sufficiency in food grains and substantial expansion
of employment opportunities.
Fourth Plan (1969 – 1974) 5.7% 3.3%
• Attainment of Economic stability Self-sufficient in food grain
production.
Fifth Plan (1974 – 79) 4.4% 4.8%
• poverty eradication, Self-Reliance, to control Inflation and Reduction
of Economic Inequalities.
Sixth Plan (1980 – 85) 5.2% 6.0% • reduce the poverty
Seventh Plan (1985 – 90) 5.0% 6.0%
• promotion of efficiency through modern technology and productivity,
reduction of poverty, unemployment and regional imbalances.
Eighth Plan (1992 – 97) 5.6% 6.8% • promotion of HRD, full employment and rural development.
Ninth Plan (1997 – 2002) 6.5% 5.4%
• Growth with social justice and equality, Rural development and
Agriculture.
Tenth Plan (2002 – 2007) 8.0% 7.8%
• Integrated rural development, poverty, employment creation and
agriculture.
Eleventh Plan (2007 – 2012) 9.0% 10.0% • Faster economic growth and inclusive growth.
Twelfth plan (2012-2017) 9.0% -- • ‘faster, sustainable and more inclusive growth’.

FIRST FIVE YEAR PLAN (1951-56)
Target Actual
2.1% 3.6%
S.No Sectors Expenditure
(crores)
Percentage
1 Agriculture 291 15
2 Irrigation & flood
control
310 16
3 Power 260 13
4 Village & small
industries
43 2
5 Industry 74 4
6 Transport 523 27
7 Social services 459 23
8
9
10
TOTAL 1960 100
• This plan gave more importance to Agricultural & Transport
sector.
OBJECTIVES:
• To correct the disequilibrium in economy caused by second
world war & partition
• To initiate simultaneously a process of all round development
which would rise in national income & improvement in living
standards of people
Achievements:
• GDP – 3.6% per year
• Evolution of good irrigation system
Problems faced:
• Development of only a few industries
• Private industries had not developed

• This plan gave more importance to Rapid industrialization
with special emphasis on basic and Heavy industries.
(crores)
Percentage
1 Agriculture 549 11.7
control
430 9.2
3 Power 452 9.7
4 Village & small
industries
187 4
5 Industry 938 20.10
6 Transport 1261 27
7 Social services 855 18.3
8
9
10
TOTAL 4672 100
Target Actual
4.5% 4.3%
SECOND FIVE YEAR PLAN (1956-61)
OBJECTIVES:
• Increase of 25% in national income
• Rapid industrialization with special emphasis on development of
basic & heavy industries
• Large expansion of employment opportunities
• Increased scope of industrialization by increasing production of
iron & steel
• development of public sector
Achievements:
• Five steel mills at Bhilai, Durgapur and Jamshedpur
• hydro-electric power projects
• Production of coal increased
• More railway lines were added in the north east
• Large enterprises in 17 industries were nationalized
• Tata institute of fundamental research – established in 1957 as a
research institute
• Atomic energy commission – homi j. Bhabha (founder, 1958)
Problems faced:

• This plan gave more importance to Self-reliance, Self-sufficiency in food
grains and substantial expansion of employment opportunities.
• .
(crores)
Percentage
control
430 9.2
3 Power 452 9.7
4 Village & small
industries
187 4
6 Transport 1261 27
8
9
10
TOTAL 4672 100
Target Actual
5.6% 2.8%
THIRD FIVE YEAR PLAN (1961-66)
OBJECTIVES:
• Effective use of country’s resources
• To increase the national income by 5% per year
• To increase the production of agriculture so that nation is self-
sufficient in food grains
• To provide employment opportunities for every citizen of the
country
• To establish equality among all people of the country
Achievements:
• Decentralization
• Organizations formed like - panchayat and jilla parishad
• Many fertilizer & cement plants were built
• Green revolution
• State electricity boards & state secondary education boards
were formed
• State road transportations were formed
Problems faced:
• Sino-Indian war of 1962 exposed weakness in the economy &
shifted focus towards defense industry
• In 1965-66, India fought a war with Pakistan which led to
inflation & priority was shifted to price stabilization
• Gdp rate during this duration was lower at 2.8%

ANNUAL PLAN (1966-69)
• Due to failure of third five year plan government of India did not implemented fourth five year plan.
• This period (April 1, 1966 to march 31, 1969) known as plan holiday in Indian planning period.
• Annual plans given more importance to irrigation and agriculture sector and to control inflation
increasing agricultural production.
Plan Budget (Rs)
(crores)
GDP increase Industry Agriculture
1966-67 2221 1.1% 2.8% 76MT
1967-68 2246 9.9% 2.2% 95.1MT
1968-69 2377 10.2% 7% 98MT

• This plan gave more importance to Attainment of Economic
stability Self-sufficient in food grain production.
• .
(crores)
Percentage
control
1354 8.6
3 Power 2932 18.6
4 Village & small
industries
243 1.5
6 Transport 3080 19.56
8
9
10
TOTAL 15779 100
Target Actual
5.7% 3.3%
FOURTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1969-74)
OBJECTIVES:
• Completing the investment in projects which were already in
hand
• Increasing existing capacities to level required for present or
future development
• Taking advantage of internal development or availabilities to
build new industries or new bases for industries.
Achievements:
• Food grains production increased to bring about self-
sufficiency in production
• Great advancement made with regard to India's national income
spending on war efforts reduced industrial spending
• Tested the 1st nuclear weapon in 1974, considered as one
of the emerging powers
Problems faced:
• India was attacked in 1962 followed by another one in 1965 in
addition to that India faces drought
• A gap was created between people of rural areas & urban
areas

• This plan gave more importance to poverty eradication, Self-Reliance,
to control Inflation and Reduction of Economic Inequalities.
(crores)
Percentage
control
3877 9.8
3 Power 7400 18.8
7
8
9
10
TOTAL 39426 100
Target Actual
4.4% 4.83%
FIFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1974-79)
OBJECTIVES:
• Removal of poverty
• Attainment self sufficiency in agriculture and defense
• To check rural and urban unemployment
• Production support policies in the wheat industry sector
• To develop labor intensive technological improvements
Achievements:
• Food grain production was above 118 million tons due to
improvement of infrastructural facilities.
• Bombay high had shot up the commercial production of oil in
India.
Problems faced:
• The international economy was in trouble
• Food, oil & fertilizers where prices sky-rocketed
• Several inflationary pressures
• Plan was terminated in 1978 (instead of 1979) when
janta party came to power

• This plan gave more importance to reduce the poverty 30%.
(crores)
Percentage
2 Rural development 6997 6.4
3 Special area program 1580 1.4
control
10930 10
5 Power 30751 28.10
6 Industry 16948 15.5
7 Communication,
Broad-casting
3469 3.2
8 Transport 14208 13
10
TOTAL 109292 100
Target Actual
5.2% 5.7%
SIXTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1980-85)
OBJECTIVES:
• Focus on enlargement of employment potential in agriculture
and allied activities and encouragement to small industry
• The objective changed to removal of poverty by expanding
economy as plan was rejected when congress party came power
• Aimed for rapid industrial development, to raise the standard of
living of poorest of masses
• Family planning concept introduced
• Emphasis on the information technology sector
Achievements:
• GDP growth achieved 5.4%
• Speedy industrial development
• Self sufficiency in food
• Science and technology also made a significant advance
• Government investments in the Indian healthcare sector
• Transportation & communication system also improved
Problems faced:
• During this time prime minister was Rajiv Gandhi & hence
industrial development was emphasis of this plan
• Some opposed it specially the communist groups, this slowed
down the pace of progress

• This plan gave more importance to promotion of efficiency through
modern technology and productivity, reduction of poverty,
unemployment and regional imbalances.
(crores)
Percentage
2 Rural development 15246 7
control
16590 7.8
5 Power 61789 28.10
6 Industry 29220 13.4
7 Communication,
Broad-casting
8426 3.9
10
TOTAL 218730 100
Target Actual
5.0% 6.0%
SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1985-90)
OBJECTIVES:
• Improved facilities for education to girls
• Emergence of informatics, and hooking up of
telecommunications with computers
• Inland waterways, product pipelines, civil aviation, coastal
shipping.
• Government undertook to increase productivity of oilseeds,
fruits, vegetables, pulses, cereals, fish, egg,meat, milk .
Achievements:
• Social justice
• Modern technology
• Agricultural development
• Full supply of food, clothing and shelter
• Making India an independent economy
• Achieved a growth rate of 6%
Problems faced:
• 1989-91 was a period of political instability in India and
hence no five year plan was implemented
• In 1991, India faced a crisis in foreign exchange reserves

• This plan gave more importance to promotion of HRD, full
employment and rural development.
(crores)
Percentage
2 Rural development 15246 7
control
16590 7.8
5 Power 61789 28.10
6 Industry 29220 13.4
7 Communication,
Broad-casting
8426 3.9
10
TOTAL 218730 100
Target Actual
5.6% 6.8%
EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1992-97)
OBJECTIVES:
• Prioritize specific sectors which requires immediate investment
• Social welfare measures like improved health, sanitation,
communication & provision for extensive education facilities at
all levels
• Eradication of illiteracy among the people in age group of 15 to
35 years
• To check increasing population growth by creating mass
awareness programs
• Modernization of industrial sector
• Involvement of Panchayat raj, Nagarpalika, N.G.O’s and people’s
participation
Achievements:
• Rise in the employment level
• Poverty reduction
• Self-reliance on domestic resources
• Self-sufficiency in agricultural production
• GDP Growth Per Annum 6.8
Problems faced:

• This plan gave more importance Growth with social justice and
equality, Rural development and Agriculture.
Target Actual
6.5% 5.7%
NINTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1997-2002)
OBJECTIVES:
• To prioritize agricultural sector and emphasize on the rural
development
• To generate adequate employment opportunities and promote
poverty reduction
• To stabilize the prices in order to accelerate the growth rate of
the economy
• To ensure food and nutritional security
• To provide for the basic infrastructural facilities like education
for all, safe drinking water, primary health care, transport,
energy
• To check the growing population increase
• To encourage social issues like women empowerment,
conservation of certain benefits for the special groups of the
society
• To create a liberal market for increase in private investments
Achievements:
• A combined effort of public, private, and all levels of
government
• ensured the growth of India's economy.
• Service sector showed fast growth rate
Problems faced:
(crores)
Percentage
control
69830 7.42
5 Power 219243 23.3
6 Industry 44695 4.75
7 Communication,
Broad-casting
92836 9.86
8 Transport 143249 15.22
10 Environment 15667 1.66
TOTAL 941041 100

• This plan gave more importance to integrated rural development,
poverty, employment creation and agriculture.
(crores)
Percentage
control
103315 6.77
5 Power 403977 26.47
6 Industry 58939 2.86
7 Communication,
Broad-casting
98968 6.49
8 Transport 225977 14.81
10 Environment 30424 1.99
TOTAL 1525639 100
Target Actual
8.0% 7.8%
TENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2002-07)
OBJECTIVES:
• To transform the country into the fastest growing economy of
the world
• Human and social development
• Industry and services: Industry, Minerals, Energy, Information
technology, Tourism, Real estate, Construction
• Forests and environment
• Science and technology
• schooling to be compulsory for children
Achievements:
• The National Common Minimum Program (NCMP) has stated
that housing for weaker sections in rural areas will be extended
on a large scale.
• Strengthening of vulnerable houses in EWS & LIG category,.
• National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy, 2007 was
announced in December 2007.
Problems faced:

• This plan gave more importance to faster economic growth and
inclusive growth.
(crores)
Percentage
2 Power 854123 23.4
3 Industry 153600 4.2
4 Transport 667793 18.3
6 General services 42283 1.2
7
8
9
10
TOTAL 1525639 100
Target Actual
9.0% 10.0%
ELEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2007-12)
OBJECTIVES:
• Income & Poverty
• Education
• Health
• Women and Children
• Infrastructure
• Environment
Achievements:
• Increase in National Income
• Increase in Per Capita Income
• Increase in the Rate of Capital Formation
• Development of Agriculture
• Industrial Development
• Infrastructure Development
• Generation of Employment
• Development of Social Services
• Structural and Institutional Changes
FAILURES:
• No Substantial Increase in the Standard of Living
• Increase in Unemployment
• More Ambitious
• Predominance of Welfare Considerations
• Less Growth in Productive Sector

• This plan gave more importance to ‘faster, sustainable and more
inclusive growth’.
(crores)
Percentage
1 Agriculture 259767.19 2.82
2 Rural Development 1032714.57 11.21
3 Irrigation and Flood
Control
493564.16 5.36
4 Energy 2280044.81 24.75
5 Industry and Minerals 237703.00 2.58
6 Transport 863509.20 9.37
7 Science, Technology
& Environment
46170.75 0.50
8 General Economic
Services
137097.83 1.49
9 Social Services 3730599.87 40.50
10 General Services 128828.62 1.40
TOTAL 9210000 100
Target Actual
9.0% ---%
TWELFTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2012---)
OBJECTIVES:
• To deal with disparity of income and wealth
• Govt. activism required for socially desirable activities with
available resources and foreign exchange
• Govt. intervention required for development of infrastructure
• Balanced regional development.
Achievements:
FAILURES:

National Institution for Transforming India Aayog
• Formed - 1 January 2015
• A group of people with authority entrusted by the government to formulate/regulate policies concerning transforming
India.
• It is a commission to help government in social and economic issues.
• Also it's an Institute of think tank with experts in it.
Parameter NITI Aayog Planning Commission
Financial clout • To be an advisory body, or a think-tank. The
powers to allocate funds might be vested in the
finance ministry
• Enjoyed the powers to allocate funds
to ministries and state governments
Full-time members • The number of full-time members could be fewer
than Planning Commission
• The last Commission had eight full-
time members
States' role • State governments are expected to play a more
significant role than they did in the Planning
Commission
• States' role was limited to the National
Development Council and annual
interaction during Plan meetings
Member secretary • To be known at the CEO and to be appointed by
the prime minister
• Secretaries or member secretaries
were appointment through the usual
process
Part-time members • To have a number of part-time members,
depending on the need from time to time
• Full Planning Commission had no
provision for part-time members

References
• http://evolutionofindianplanninglegislation.blogspot.in/2015/06/historicalbackgroundofplanning.
• Urban Planning in India-SOC 477 Project
Authors - Sahay Shrey Y6411, Siddhartha Kandoi Y6472, Soumil Srivastava Y6478
• Planning System in India Dr. S. K. Kulshrestha
• Town planning and development laws:evolution and current amendments, J.KSHIRSAGAR & R.SRINIVAS, Town and
country planning organization, Ministry of urban development, government of india

Evolution of planning legislation in india

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