This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines an error as an unexpected result during program execution. Exceptions provide a better way to handle errors than errors by stopping normal program flow when an error occurs and handling the exception. There are two main types of exceptions in Java: checked exceptions which are checked at compile time, and unchecked exceptions which are checked at runtime. The try-catch block is used to handle exceptions by executing code that throws exceptions within a try block and catching any exceptions in catch blocks. Finally blocks allow executing code whether or not an exception occurs. Exceptions are thrown using the throw statement which requires a throwable object. Handling exceptions provides advantages like separating error code, grouping error types, consistency, flexibility and simplicity.