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- 1. Malnourishment in Women of Pakistan & Role of Multivitamins in Improving Quality of Life By Raishem ALI ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OBGYN II PUMHS SBA
- 2. Overview • What is Malnourishment? • Highlighting the prevalence of malnourishment among women in Pakistan. • Addressing the urgent need to understand and address this issue impacting women's health.
- 3. Malnourishment Malnutrition is a serious condition that happens when your diet does not contain the right amount of nutrients. • It means "poor nutrition" and can refer to: • undernutrition – not getting enough nutrients • overnutrition – getting more nutrients than needed https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/malnutrition/
- 19. Prevalence of vitamins & minerals deficiency Pakistan has the highest incidence of adult vitamin D deficiency in South Asia at 73% Vitamin D 73% Anemia affects 43% of WRA in Pakistan Anemia 43% Night blindness prevalence reported by women who were pregnant at the time of this survey was 12.7% Night blindness in Pregnancy 12.7% Pakistani population, has a high prevalence (45.8%) Vitamin C deficiency 46% 79.7% of WRA are affected by vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D deficiency 80% 27.3% of WRA are deficient in vitamin A Vitamin A deficiency 27%
- 20. Factors contributing in Malnourishment There are some important factors that contribute in malnourishment • Reduced dietary intake • Socioeconomic challenges • Reproductive phases in women i.e menstruation & pregnancy • Health conditions & illness such as diabetes • Sedentary lifestyle • Nutritional values of Food https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4951875/#:~:text=Causes%20of%20malnutrition&text=arise%20due%20to%3A-,reduced%20dietary%20intake,(in%20specific%20disease %20processes).
- 21. Effects of malnourishment on women health • Reproductive Health Issues: Malnourishment can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, disruptions in ovulation, and fertility problems. • Pregnancy Complications: Inadequate nutrition can increase the risk of complications during pregnancy, such as low birth weight, premature birth, and developmental issues in newborns. • Anemia and Nutrient Deficiencies: Malnourishment often leads to deficiencies in essential nutrients like iron, vitamins (such as A, B, C, and D), and minerals (like calcium and zinc), resulting in conditions like anemia, weakened immunity, and impaired growth. • Hormonal Imbalance: Insufficient nutrition can disrupt hormone levels, affecting thyroid function, estrogen production, and other hormonal balances. This imbalance can lead to mood swings, fatigue, and disturbances in the menstrual cycle. • Impaired Immune System: Malnourishment compromises the immune system, making women more susceptible to infections, illnesses, and prolonged recovery times. • Mental Health Impact: Chronic malnourishment can contribute to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairments due to nutrient deficiencies affecting brain function. • Dryness and Scaling: Lack of essential fatty acids, vitamins (such as A, C, and E), and hydration can lead to dry, flaky skin. • Hair loss , Dull and Brittle Hair: Inadequate protein intake or deficiencies in vitamins and minerals (like biotin and zinc) can lead to hair loss or thinning. https://www.bmj.com/content/351/bmj.h4173 https://www.siemens-healthineers.com/fr-ch/clinical-specialities/womens-health-information/laboratory-diagnostics/nutrition
- 22. Role of Multivitamins in Improving Quality of Life • Filling Nutritional Gaps • Ensuring Adequate Micronutrient Intake • Supporting Overall Health • Improving Immunity • Enhancing Skin, Hair, and Nails • Supporting Growth and Development https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8057174/#:~:text=CONCLUSION%3A,the%20long%20term%20along%20diet.