Smart Control of Traffic Signal System using Image Processing Raihan Bin-Mofidul
This document presents a method for smart control of traffic signals using image processing. A camera captures images of traffic that are processed using MATLAB to detect vehicles and estimate traffic density in each lane. It can also detect ambulances by identifying the red and blue colors of ambulance sirens. An Arduino microcontroller then prioritizes the traffic signals based on detected traffic density and presence of any ambulances, giving priority to lanes with more vehicles or ambulances. The system was able to successfully prototype real-time image processing for automated, intelligent traffic signal control based on traffic conditions.
Automated traffic control by using image processingswarnajui
This document describes a system for automated traffic control using image processing. It begins with an introduction to the problem of traffic jams and the need for improved traffic control systems. It then provides details on image processing techniques including edge detection and the Canny algorithm. The proposed system works by continuously capturing images of the road and comparing them to a reference image to determine vehicle density. Based on the matching percentage, different light signals would be triggered - red for high density, and longer durations of green for lower densities. Future work could involve implementing the system using video inputs and accounting for weather conditions. The advantages are listed as increased convenience and energy savings compared to sensor-based systems.
traffic jam detection using image processingMalika Alix
1. The document discusses using image processing techniques to detect traffic jams through analyzing video frames captured by road cameras.
2. Key steps include extracting frames from video, converting to grayscale and binary, applying morphological operations like erosion and dilation, and comparing frames to detect vehicle motion between frames and count vehicles to assess traffic levels.
3. A proposed system sends frame data from cameras to a server for processing, which analyzes frames to determine traffic status and shares this with a mobile app to help users choose alternative routes.
This document is a seminar report on speed detecting cameras submitted by a student named Kandarp Kumar Tiwari. It discusses the history and purpose of speed cameras, introducing the Doppler effect principle that speed cameras use to detect vehicle speeds. It describes the basic architecture of speed cameras and examines factors like their ability to operate in rain, their measurement range, reaction time and ability to discriminate targets. The report also covers advantages, future technologies and concludes that speed cameras help enforce speed limits and reduce accidents.
Automatic number plate recognition (ANPR) uses optical character recognition on images to read vehicle registration plates. It has seven elements: cameras, illumination, frame grabbers, computers, software, hardware, and databases. ANPR detects vehicles, captures plate images, and processes the images to recognize plates. It has advantages like improving safety and reducing crime. Applications include parking, access control, tolling, border control, and traffic monitoring.
This document discusses vehicle detection using image processing. It describes how sensors can detect vehicles using transducers to detect their presence and convert the output into electrical signals. Sensors are either in-roadway, requiring installation in the road, or over-roadway, mounted above the road. The document focuses on detecting vehicles using image and video processing by extracting the vehicle portion from images in both the spatial and frequency domains, and matching the vehicle's aspect ratio to detect its type. It proposes applications for automated traffic management, toll collection, and security.
This document summarizes a research paper on road lane line detection. It introduces a method called LaneRTD that uses Canny edge detection and Hough transforms to detect lane lines from RGB camera images mounted on a vehicle windshield. The proposed LaneRTD method was tested on stationary photos and real-time video and accurately detected lanes in various lighting and road conditions with one exception of complex shadows. LaneRTD runs in real-time, making it suitable for advanced driver assistance systems and self-driving cars.
Abstract:
With an everyday increase in the number of cars on our roads and highways, we are facing numerous problems, for example:
• Smuggling of cars
• Invalid license plates
• Identification of stolen cars
• Usage of cars in terrorist attacks/illegal activities
In order to address the above issues, we took up the project of developing a prototype, which can perform license plate recognition (LPR). This project, as the name signifies, deals with reading, storing and comparing the license plate numbers retrieved from snapshots of cars to ensure safety in the country and ultimately help to reduce unauthorized vehicles access and crime.
License Plate Recognition (LPR) has been a practical technique in the past decades. It is one of the most important applications for Computer Vision, Patter Recognition and Image Processing in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
Generally, the LPR system is divided into three steps, license plate locating, license plate character segmentation and license plate recognition. This project discusses a complete license plate recognition system with special emphasis on the Localization Module.In this study, the proposed algorithm is based on extraction of plate region using morphological operations and shape detection algorithms. Segmentation of plate made use of horizontal and vertical smearing and line detection algorithms. Lastly, template matching algorithms were used for character recognition.
The implementation of the project was done in the platforms of Matlab and OpenCV.
The document discusses Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems. It provides the following key points:
1. ANPR uses optical character recognition on images captured by specialized cameras to read license plates on vehicles.
2. The cameras capture images that are then processed by ANPR software to detect, segment, and identify the license plate numbers.
3. ANPR systems are commonly used for electronic toll collection, traffic management, parking enforcement, and border control by storing images and license plate data.
Driver drowsiness monitoring system using visual behavior and Machine Learning.AasimAhmedKhanJawaad
Drowsy driving is one of the major causes of road accidents and death. Hence, detection of
driver’s fatigue and its indication is an active research area. Most of the conventional methods are
either vehicle based, or behavioral based or physiological based. Few methods are intrusive and
distract the driver, some require expensive sensors and data handling. Therefore, in this study, a low
cost, real time driver’s drowsiness detection system is developed with acceptable accuracy. In the
developed system, a webcam records the video and driver’s face is detected in each frame employing
image processing techniques. Facial landmarks on the detected face are pointed and subsequently the
eye aspect ratio, mouth opening ratio and nose length ratio are computed and depending on their
values, drowsiness is detected based on developed adaptive thresholding. Machine learning
algorithms have been implemented as well in an offline manner. A sensitivity of 95.58% and
specificity of 100% has been achieved in Support Vector Machine based classification.
This document discusses various image compression standards and techniques. It begins with an introduction to image compression, noting that it reduces file sizes for storage or transmission while attempting to maintain image quality. It then outlines several international compression standards for binary images, photos, and video, including JPEG, MPEG, and H.261. The document focuses on JPEG, describing how it uses discrete cosine transform and quantization for lossy compression. It also discusses hierarchical and progressive modes for JPEG. In closing, the document presents challenges and results for motion segmentation and iris image segmentation.
This document outlines a project to implement an automated traffic control system. The system aims to (1) reduce waiting times for lanes with more traffic, (2) maintain proper signal switching with balanced timing, and (3) prevent traffic collisions and allocate timings for pedestrians. The project will use tools like WebSphere Modeler, Eclipse, and DB2 to design traffic signal posts connected to servers configured via Linux. A five-member project team will deliver the system using tasks like assembling infrastructure, installing servers, and gathering usage data for analysis. Upon completion, the final deliverables will include help documentation, application code, database backups, and a full system source code archive.
Intelligent traffic information and control systemSADEED AMEEN
This document proposes an intelligent traffic information and control system that uses image processing and wireless communication to control traffic lights. A camera at intersections will capture images and detect vehicle presence to adjust light durations accordingly. An emergency vehicle clearance system will turn all lights green on its path. Zigbee modules allow wireless communication between an ambulance and traffic controller. Additionally, a traffic management system and chatbot provide traffic information to users. The system will use incremental development, initially controlling lights with Arduino then adding congestion control with image processing.
This document describes a density-based traffic light controller system that uses sensors to measure traffic load and detect emergency vehicles. The system uses a microcontroller to automatically adjust signal timing based on traffic density during normal operation. When an emergency vehicle is detected, the system overrides normal timing to provide a green light in the direction of the emergency vehicle while blocking other lanes. The system is intended to help reduce traffic jams by adapting to current traffic conditions. Key components include IR sensors to detect vehicles, a microcontroller to control signal timing, and an RF receiver to detect emergency vehicles like ambulances.
This document describes a smart parking system that uses various sensors and technologies to automatically manage vehicle parking. The system uses infrared sensors to detect vehicle presence and control entry and exit gates. A real-time clock tracks parking time and a microcontroller calculates parking fees. Reed switches sense vehicle positions and an LCD displays location and fare information. The system aims to implement systematic parking with one vehicle entering at a time.
Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that uses digital images and deep learning to teach machines to interpret and understand visual input. Early experiments in computer vision in the 1950s used neural networks to detect edges and classify simple shapes, while the 1970s saw the first commercial application in optical character recognition. Today, computer vision can perform tasks like facial recognition, object detection in images and video, and image segmentation, classification, and analysis that rival and exceed human visual abilities. Computer vision works by acquiring an image, processing it through machine learning models, and understanding what is depicted to take appropriate actions.
The document proposes a pothole detection system using a Raspberry Pi camera to capture images of the road surface and detect potholes in real-time. When a pothole is detected, the system will alert the driver and also notify municipal authorities, providing the location and dimensions of the pothole. This aims to help drivers avoid potholes and reduce accidents, while helping municipalities address infrastructure issues more quickly. The proposed system is intended to be low-cost and provide real-time pothole detection and warning capabilities to improve road safety.
This document describes an automatic traffic density monitoring and control system that aims to reduce traffic jams. It works by using IR sensors and receivers to monitor vehicle density on each road at an intersection. The microcontroller then allocates more green light time to the road with the highest vehicle density, allowing traffic to pass more efficiently compared to the standard fixed light cycle. This helps save time for commuters during peak traffic hours in urban areas with varying traffic levels on different roads.
Digital image processing involves performing operations on digital images using computer algorithms. It has several functional categories including image restoration to remove noise and distortions, enhancement to modify the visual impact, and information extraction to analyze images. The main steps are acquisition, enhancement, restoration, color processing, compression, segmentation, and filtering using techniques like pixelization, principal components analysis, and neural networks. It has applications in medical imaging, film, transmission, sensing, and robotics. The advantages are noise removal, flexibility in format and manipulation, and easy storage and retrieval. The disadvantages can include high initial costs and potential data loss if storage devices fail.
Face recognition technology may help solve problems with identity verification by analyzing facial features instead of passwords or pins. The document outlines the key stages of face recognition systems including data acquisition, input processing, and image classification. It also discusses advantages like convenience and ease of use, as well as limitations such as an inability to distinguish identical twins. Potential applications are identified in government, security, and commercial sectors.
The document describes a parking space counter project developed by a team of 4 students under the guidance of Mrs. Sujakumari N R. The project utilizes Python and OpenCV to create an automated system for counting available parking spaces in real-time by analyzing video feeds and detecting vehicles. The system is intended to improve parking management and enhance user experience by providing accurate information on parking availability. Key modules included video acquisition, vehicle detection and tracking, occupancy analysis and counting, and a user interface to display results.
Image filtering in Digital image processingAbinaya B
This document discusses various image filtering techniques used for modifying or enhancing digital images. It describes spatial domain filters such as smoothing filters including averaging and weighted averaging filters, as well as order statistics filters like median filters. It also covers frequency domain filters including ideal low pass, Butterworth low pass, and Gaussian low pass filters for smoothing, as well as their corresponding high pass filters for sharpening. Examples of applying different filters at different cutoff frequencies are provided to illustrate their effects.
Speed detection cameras use Doppler radar to detect the speed of passing vehicles and automatically issue tickets to drivers exceeding the speed limit. They were first introduced in the 1980s in London and have since been widely adopted to reduce traffic accidents. Speed cameras work by transmitting radar beams and using the Doppler effect to measure the change in frequency of the reflected beams, from which they can calculate a vehicle's speed. Modern speed cameras provide accurate speed readings even in rain and can simultaneously detect multiple vehicles. While controversial, studies show speed cameras are effective at reducing speeding and promoting road safety when paired with public awareness campaigns.
Computer Vision for Traffic Sign Recognitionthevijayps
This document discusses a project to develop a system for traffic sign recognition using computer vision. The system aims to detect and recognize traffic signs independently of variations in appearance, perspective, lighting, and partial occlusions. The objectives are outlined as making the system invariant to these factors and able to provide information on visibility, condition, and placement of signs. An approach is presented involving video segmentation, color-based and shape-based detection methods. MATLAB is identified as a tool for image processing tasks like reading, displaying, and compressing images. Algorithms and pseudo-code are discussed for tasks like video segmentation and image compression. The conclusion states that the algorithm can generalize to other object recognition and considers difficulties of outdoor environments.
Traffic jam detection using image processingSai As Sharman
This document presents a traffic jam detection system using image processing. The system uses cameras to capture video frames of traffic at regular intervals. The frames are analyzed using image processing techniques like grayscale conversion, erosion, and dilation to detect vehicles and motion. An android application is also developed to provide users with real-time traffic density information for different locations based on the image analysis. The proposed system aims to provide a low-cost and reliable alternative to existing magnetic and infrared-based traffic detection methods.
This document provides an overview of an air powered engine. It discusses the history of using compressed air to power engines. It then classifies air engines based on the number and position of cylinders. The key components of an air engine are described, including the compressor, PLC circuit, pulsed pressure control valve, cam, follower and air vessel. The working of the air engine is explained and compared to a two-stroke petrol engine. Finally, the advantages of lower emissions and costs, and limitations around refueling time and efficiency are presented.
Abstract:
With an everyday increase in the number of cars on our roads and highways, we are facing numerous problems, for example:
• Smuggling of cars
• Invalid license plates
• Identification of stolen cars
• Usage of cars in terrorist attacks/illegal activities
In order to address the above issues, we took up the project of developing a prototype, which can perform license plate recognition (LPR). This project, as the name signifies, deals with reading, storing and comparing the license plate numbers retrieved from snapshots of cars to ensure safety in the country and ultimately help to reduce unauthorized vehicles access and crime.
License Plate Recognition (LPR) has been a practical technique in the past decades. It is one of the most important applications for Computer Vision, Patter Recognition and Image Processing in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
Generally, the LPR system is divided into three steps, license plate locating, license plate character segmentation and license plate recognition. This project discusses a complete license plate recognition system with special emphasis on the Localization Module.In this study, the proposed algorithm is based on extraction of plate region using morphological operations and shape detection algorithms. Segmentation of plate made use of horizontal and vertical smearing and line detection algorithms. Lastly, template matching algorithms were used for character recognition.
The implementation of the project was done in the platforms of Matlab and OpenCV.
The document discusses Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems. It provides the following key points:
1. ANPR uses optical character recognition on images captured by specialized cameras to read license plates on vehicles.
2. The cameras capture images that are then processed by ANPR software to detect, segment, and identify the license plate numbers.
3. ANPR systems are commonly used for electronic toll collection, traffic management, parking enforcement, and border control by storing images and license plate data.
Driver drowsiness monitoring system using visual behavior and Machine Learning.AasimAhmedKhanJawaad
Drowsy driving is one of the major causes of road accidents and death. Hence, detection of
driver’s fatigue and its indication is an active research area. Most of the conventional methods are
either vehicle based, or behavioral based or physiological based. Few methods are intrusive and
distract the driver, some require expensive sensors and data handling. Therefore, in this study, a low
cost, real time driver’s drowsiness detection system is developed with acceptable accuracy. In the
developed system, a webcam records the video and driver’s face is detected in each frame employing
image processing techniques. Facial landmarks on the detected face are pointed and subsequently the
eye aspect ratio, mouth opening ratio and nose length ratio are computed and depending on their
values, drowsiness is detected based on developed adaptive thresholding. Machine learning
algorithms have been implemented as well in an offline manner. A sensitivity of 95.58% and
specificity of 100% has been achieved in Support Vector Machine based classification.
This document discusses various image compression standards and techniques. It begins with an introduction to image compression, noting that it reduces file sizes for storage or transmission while attempting to maintain image quality. It then outlines several international compression standards for binary images, photos, and video, including JPEG, MPEG, and H.261. The document focuses on JPEG, describing how it uses discrete cosine transform and quantization for lossy compression. It also discusses hierarchical and progressive modes for JPEG. In closing, the document presents challenges and results for motion segmentation and iris image segmentation.
This document outlines a project to implement an automated traffic control system. The system aims to (1) reduce waiting times for lanes with more traffic, (2) maintain proper signal switching with balanced timing, and (3) prevent traffic collisions and allocate timings for pedestrians. The project will use tools like WebSphere Modeler, Eclipse, and DB2 to design traffic signal posts connected to servers configured via Linux. A five-member project team will deliver the system using tasks like assembling infrastructure, installing servers, and gathering usage data for analysis. Upon completion, the final deliverables will include help documentation, application code, database backups, and a full system source code archive.
Intelligent traffic information and control systemSADEED AMEEN
This document proposes an intelligent traffic information and control system that uses image processing and wireless communication to control traffic lights. A camera at intersections will capture images and detect vehicle presence to adjust light durations accordingly. An emergency vehicle clearance system will turn all lights green on its path. Zigbee modules allow wireless communication between an ambulance and traffic controller. Additionally, a traffic management system and chatbot provide traffic information to users. The system will use incremental development, initially controlling lights with Arduino then adding congestion control with image processing.
This document describes a density-based traffic light controller system that uses sensors to measure traffic load and detect emergency vehicles. The system uses a microcontroller to automatically adjust signal timing based on traffic density during normal operation. When an emergency vehicle is detected, the system overrides normal timing to provide a green light in the direction of the emergency vehicle while blocking other lanes. The system is intended to help reduce traffic jams by adapting to current traffic conditions. Key components include IR sensors to detect vehicles, a microcontroller to control signal timing, and an RF receiver to detect emergency vehicles like ambulances.
This document describes a smart parking system that uses various sensors and technologies to automatically manage vehicle parking. The system uses infrared sensors to detect vehicle presence and control entry and exit gates. A real-time clock tracks parking time and a microcontroller calculates parking fees. Reed switches sense vehicle positions and an LCD displays location and fare information. The system aims to implement systematic parking with one vehicle entering at a time.
Computer vision is a field of artificial intelligence that uses digital images and deep learning to teach machines to interpret and understand visual input. Early experiments in computer vision in the 1950s used neural networks to detect edges and classify simple shapes, while the 1970s saw the first commercial application in optical character recognition. Today, computer vision can perform tasks like facial recognition, object detection in images and video, and image segmentation, classification, and analysis that rival and exceed human visual abilities. Computer vision works by acquiring an image, processing it through machine learning models, and understanding what is depicted to take appropriate actions.
The document proposes a pothole detection system using a Raspberry Pi camera to capture images of the road surface and detect potholes in real-time. When a pothole is detected, the system will alert the driver and also notify municipal authorities, providing the location and dimensions of the pothole. This aims to help drivers avoid potholes and reduce accidents, while helping municipalities address infrastructure issues more quickly. The proposed system is intended to be low-cost and provide real-time pothole detection and warning capabilities to improve road safety.
This document describes an automatic traffic density monitoring and control system that aims to reduce traffic jams. It works by using IR sensors and receivers to monitor vehicle density on each road at an intersection. The microcontroller then allocates more green light time to the road with the highest vehicle density, allowing traffic to pass more efficiently compared to the standard fixed light cycle. This helps save time for commuters during peak traffic hours in urban areas with varying traffic levels on different roads.
Digital image processing involves performing operations on digital images using computer algorithms. It has several functional categories including image restoration to remove noise and distortions, enhancement to modify the visual impact, and information extraction to analyze images. The main steps are acquisition, enhancement, restoration, color processing, compression, segmentation, and filtering using techniques like pixelization, principal components analysis, and neural networks. It has applications in medical imaging, film, transmission, sensing, and robotics. The advantages are noise removal, flexibility in format and manipulation, and easy storage and retrieval. The disadvantages can include high initial costs and potential data loss if storage devices fail.
Face recognition technology may help solve problems with identity verification by analyzing facial features instead of passwords or pins. The document outlines the key stages of face recognition systems including data acquisition, input processing, and image classification. It also discusses advantages like convenience and ease of use, as well as limitations such as an inability to distinguish identical twins. Potential applications are identified in government, security, and commercial sectors.
The document describes a parking space counter project developed by a team of 4 students under the guidance of Mrs. Sujakumari N R. The project utilizes Python and OpenCV to create an automated system for counting available parking spaces in real-time by analyzing video feeds and detecting vehicles. The system is intended to improve parking management and enhance user experience by providing accurate information on parking availability. Key modules included video acquisition, vehicle detection and tracking, occupancy analysis and counting, and a user interface to display results.
Image filtering in Digital image processingAbinaya B
This document discusses various image filtering techniques used for modifying or enhancing digital images. It describes spatial domain filters such as smoothing filters including averaging and weighted averaging filters, as well as order statistics filters like median filters. It also covers frequency domain filters including ideal low pass, Butterworth low pass, and Gaussian low pass filters for smoothing, as well as their corresponding high pass filters for sharpening. Examples of applying different filters at different cutoff frequencies are provided to illustrate their effects.
Speed detection cameras use Doppler radar to detect the speed of passing vehicles and automatically issue tickets to drivers exceeding the speed limit. They were first introduced in the 1980s in London and have since been widely adopted to reduce traffic accidents. Speed cameras work by transmitting radar beams and using the Doppler effect to measure the change in frequency of the reflected beams, from which they can calculate a vehicle's speed. Modern speed cameras provide accurate speed readings even in rain and can simultaneously detect multiple vehicles. While controversial, studies show speed cameras are effective at reducing speeding and promoting road safety when paired with public awareness campaigns.
Computer Vision for Traffic Sign Recognitionthevijayps
This document discusses a project to develop a system for traffic sign recognition using computer vision. The system aims to detect and recognize traffic signs independently of variations in appearance, perspective, lighting, and partial occlusions. The objectives are outlined as making the system invariant to these factors and able to provide information on visibility, condition, and placement of signs. An approach is presented involving video segmentation, color-based and shape-based detection methods. MATLAB is identified as a tool for image processing tasks like reading, displaying, and compressing images. Algorithms and pseudo-code are discussed for tasks like video segmentation and image compression. The conclusion states that the algorithm can generalize to other object recognition and considers difficulties of outdoor environments.
Traffic jam detection using image processingSai As Sharman
This document presents a traffic jam detection system using image processing. The system uses cameras to capture video frames of traffic at regular intervals. The frames are analyzed using image processing techniques like grayscale conversion, erosion, and dilation to detect vehicles and motion. An android application is also developed to provide users with real-time traffic density information for different locations based on the image analysis. The proposed system aims to provide a low-cost and reliable alternative to existing magnetic and infrared-based traffic detection methods.
This document provides an overview of an air powered engine. It discusses the history of using compressed air to power engines. It then classifies air engines based on the number and position of cylinders. The key components of an air engine are described, including the compressor, PLC circuit, pulsed pressure control valve, cam, follower and air vessel. The working of the air engine is explained and compared to a two-stroke petrol engine. Finally, the advantages of lower emissions and costs, and limitations around refueling time and efficiency are presented.
There are different types of fire extinguishers designed for specific fire classes. Class A extinguishers use water or water with additives to fight fires fueled by ordinary combustibles like wood. Class B extinguishers contain chemicals to smother liquid fuel fires using pressurized water, foam or dry powder. Class C extinguishers are for electrical fires and use non-conductive agents like carbon dioxide or dry chemicals. Additional classes include Class D for combustible metal fires and Class K for cooking grease blazes. Each type works through mechanisms like cooling, oxygen removal or chemical suppression of the fire's chemical reaction.
The document describes an automatic firefighting robot that can detect and extinguish fires. It uses sensors to detect temperature, smoke, and flames. If the sensors detect a fire, the microcontroller activates a water pump to extinguish it. The robot reduces human labor needed for firefighting and decreases damage from fires. It is designed to monitor hazardous areas for natural disasters and bomb explosions.
This document describes an artificial intelligence firefighting robot. The robot uses sensors to detect fires and then moves to that location, stopping and indicating that fire has been detected. It then activates fire prevention systems by sending signals to a computer terminal. The robot is controlled remotely using RF communication between the robot and a control room. It uses a microcontroller as its "brain" to interface with sensors and motors and carry out programmed operations like detecting high temperatures and pouring water to extinguish fires. The robot provides benefits like accurately detecting fire sources, increased flexibility, lower long-term costs, and reliability.
This document provides an overview of real-time image processing. It begins with introducing real-time image processing and how it differs from ordinary image processing by having deadlines and predictable response times. The document then discusses the requirements for a real-time image processing system including high resolution video input, low latency, and high processing performance. It also covers applications such as mobile robots and human-computer interaction. In the end, it provides definitions of real-time image processing in both the perceptual and signal processing senses.
Big data is large amounts of unstructured data that require new techniques and tools to analyze. Key drivers of big data growth are increased storage capacity, processing power, and data availability. Big data analytics can uncover hidden patterns to provide competitive advantages and better business decisions. Applications include healthcare, homeland security, finance, manufacturing, and retail. The global big data market is expected to grow significantly, with India's market projected to reach $1 billion by 2015. This growth will increase demand for data scientists and analysts to support big data solutions and technologies like Hadoop and NoSQL databases.
This document provides an overview of big data. It defines big data as large volumes of diverse data that are growing rapidly and require new techniques to capture, store, distribute, manage, and analyze. The key characteristics of big data are volume, velocity, and variety. Common sources of big data include sensors, mobile devices, social media, and business transactions. Tools like Hadoop and MapReduce are used to store and process big data across distributed systems. Applications of big data include smarter healthcare, traffic control, and personalized marketing. The future of big data is promising with the market expected to grow substantially in the coming years.
This presentation, by big data guru Bernard Marr, outlines in simple terms what Big Data is and how it is used today. It covers the 5 V's of Big Data as well as a number of high value use cases.
This document describes a system for traffic control using image processing. It begins with an introduction explaining traffic control using image processing and how it differs from ordinary traffic control. It then discusses the key steps in the image processing system, which include image acquisition, preprocessing such as resizing and color conversion, edge detection using algorithms like Canny, and pattern matching. It provides block diagrams and discusses using MATLAB and GUIs. Results show different levels of matching accuracy. It concludes that this method can remove problems like unnecessary green lights. Future work proposes a real-time system using DSP and vehicle identification.
APPLICATION OF IP TECHNIQUES IN TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMAshik Ask
Automatic traffic monitoring and surveillance are important for road usage and management. Image processing is an efficient tool for overcoming traffic problems. Image processing is a technique to enhance raw images received from cameras/ sensors. An image is a rectangular, graphical object. Image processing involves issues related to image representation, compression techniques, and various complex operations, which can be carried out on the image data. The operations that come under image processing are image enhancement operations such as sharpening, blurring, brightening, edge enhancement, etc. Image processing is any form of signal processing for which the input is an image, such as photographs or frames of video; the output of image processing can be either an image or a set of characteristics or parameters related to the image. Most image processing techniques involve treating the image as a two- dimensional signal and applying standard signal processing techniques to it.
Gear is a widely used mechanical component whose primary use is to transmit power from one shaft to
other. Gears are of many types namely spur gear, helical gears, worm gears etc. Gear drives are used in various
kinds of machines like automobiles, metal cutting tools, material handling equipment’s, rolling mills, marine
power plants etc. MATLAB is extensively used for scientific & research purposes. It is accurate & also has a
number of built in functions which makes it versatile. Gear Measurement has been carried out by focusing two
features of gear image object. The problems are to measure the gear features of gear image object, in the sense the
measurement of the area of the gear image object and as well the teeth of the gear will be counted. MATLAB tool
is used to develop a code which overcomes these problems and measures the area as well as teeth of the gear
image object counted.
IMPROVED EDGE DETECTION USING VARIABLE THRESHOLDING TECHNIQUE AND CONVOLUTION...sipij
The document presents a new edge detection algorithm that aims to overcome limitations of the Canny edge detector. It proposes using variable thresholding and convolution of Gabor filters with Gaussian filters. The algorithm uses different sized Gabor filters before and after non-maxima suppression to better detect weak edges, unlike Canny which uses a single filter size. It also uses variable thresholding and sigma sizes depending on image noise levels to speed up computation compared to Canny. The algorithm was tested on standard images and showed higher PNSR, lower MSE and faster processing time than Canny, Laplacian of Gaussian, Sobel and other methods, indicating improved edge detection performance.
Improved Edge Detection using Variable Thresholding Technique and Convolution...sipij
Medical Field, Robotic vision, Pattern recognition, Hurdle detection, and smart city are examples of areas
that require image processing to achieve automation. Detecting an edge is an important stage in any
computer vision application. The performance of the edge detecting algorithm is largely affected by the
noise present in an image. An Image with a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), imposes a challenge to locate
its edges. To improve the observable image boundaries, an adaptive filtering technique is proposed in this
article. The proposed algorithm uses convolution of Gabor filter with Gaussian (GoG) operator to clean
the noise before non-Maxima suppression. Furthermore, using variable hysteresis thresholding can further
improve edge locating. The implementation of the algorithm was done by Python and Matlab. The obtained
results were compared to a number of reviewed algorithms such as the Canny method, Laplacian of
Gaussian, The Marr-Hildreth method, Sobel operator, and the Haar wavelet-based method. Three
performance factors were used; PNSR, MSE, and processing time. The simulation result shows that the
proposed method has higher PNSR, lower MSE, and shorter processing time when compared to the Canny
detector, the Marr-Hildreth, Haar wavelet-based, Laplacian of Gaussian, and the Sobel operator methods.
The higher PNSR, lower MSE, and shorter processing time mean improved edge details of the processed
image.
HARDWARE SOFTWARE CO-SIMULATION FOR TRAFFIC LOAD COMPUTATION USING MATLAB SIM...ijcsity
Due to increase in number of vehicles, Traffic is a major problem faced in urban areas throughout the
world. This document presents a newly developed Matlab Simulink model to compute traffic load for real
time traffic signal control. Signal processing, video and image processing and Xilinx Blockset have been
extensively used for traffic load computation. The approach used is Edge detection operation, wherein,
Edges are extracted to identify the number of vehicles. The developed model computes the results with
greater degrees of accuracy and is capable of being used to set the green signal duration so as to release
the traffic dynamically on traffic junctions.
Xilinx System Generator (XSG) provides Simulink Blockset for several hardware operations that could be
implemented on various Xilinx Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The method described in this
paper involves object feature identification and detection. Xilinx System Generator provides some blocks to
transform data provided from the software side of the simulation environment to the hardware side. In our
case it is MATLAB Simulink to System Generator blocks. This is an important concept to understand in the
design process using Xilinx System Generator. The Xilinx System Generator, embedded in MATLAB
Simulink is used to program the model and then test on the FPGA board using the properties of hardware
co-simulation tools.
Real Time Object Identification for Intelligent Video Surveillance ApplicationsEditor IJCATR
Intelligent video surveillance system has emerged as a very important research topic in the computer vision field in the
recent years. It is well suited for a broad range of applications such as to monitor activities at traffic intersections for detecting
congestions and predict the traffic flow. Object classification in the field of video surveillance is a key component of smart
surveillance software. Two robust methodology and algorithms adopted for people and object classification for automated surveillance
systems is proposed in this paper. First method uses background subtraction model for detecting the object motion. The background
subtraction and image segmentation based on morphological transformation for tracking and object classification on highways is
proposed. This algorithm uses erosion followed by dilation on various frames. Proposed algorithm in first method, segments the image
by preserving important edges which improves the adaptive background mixture model and makes the system learn faster and more
accurately. The system used in second method adopts the object detection method without background subtraction because of the static
object detection. Segmentation is done by the bounding box registration technique. Then the classification is done with the multiclass
SVM using the edge histogram as features. The edge histograms are calculated for various bin values in different environment. The
result obtained demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Applications of Image Processing and Real-Time embedded Systems in Autonomous...CSCJournals
As many of the latest technologists have predicted, Self-driving autonomous cars are going to be the future in the transportation sector. Many of the billion dollar companies including Google, Uber, Apple, NVIDIA, and Tesla are pioneering in this field to invent fully autonomous vehicles. This paper presents a literature review on some of the important segments in an autonomous vehicle development arena which touches real time embedded systems applications. This paper surveyed research papers on the technologies used in autonomous vehicles which includes lane detection, traffic signal identification, and speed bump detection. The paper focuses on the significance of image processing and real time embedded systems in driving the automotive industry towards autonomy and high security pathways.
IRJET- Image Forgery Detection using Support Vector MachineIRJET Journal
This document presents research on detecting image forgery using support vector machines. It begins with an abstract discussing how easily images can be digitally manipulated today without leaving traces. It then discusses the most common forgery techniques of splicing, where one image region is cut and pasted into another image, and copy-move, where an image region is copied and pasted within the same image.
The document then reviews previous work on forgery detection techniques. It proposes a new approach that uses preprocessing, feature extraction from image blocks, and support vector machines to classify images as authentic or forged. If forged, principal component analysis is used to identify the forged regions. The approach is tested on splicing and copy-move forgeries and
Automated traffic control by using image processingswarnajui
This document describes a system for automated traffic control using image processing. It begins with an introduction to the problem of traffic jams and the need for improved traffic control systems. It then provides details on image processing techniques including edge detection and the Canny algorithm. The proposed system works by continuously capturing images of the road and comparing them to a reference image to determine vehicle density. Based on the matching percentage, different light signals would be triggered - red for high density, and longer durations of green for lower densities. Future work could involve implementing the system using video inputs and accounting for weather conditions. The advantages are listed as increased convenience and energy savings compared to sensor-based systems.
Simultaneous Mapping and Navigation For Rendezvous in Space ApplicationsNandakishor Jahagirdar
1. The document describes a project to develop an autonomous navigation system for a robot using image processing. A camera on the robot captures images and sends them wirelessly to a workstation where edge detection algorithms are used to identify obstacles and determine a safe path for the robot.
2. An omni-directional robot platform called FIREBIRD V is used, which has three wheels placed 1200 apart. Images are captured and transmitted to a workstation running MATLAB for processing using algorithms like Prewitt edge detection.
3. The processed images are used to detect edges in the environment and identify a safe local path for the robot to follow without collisions while navigating autonomously. This system could have applications for rendezvous
Hardware software co simulation of edge detection for image processing system...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document proposes and evaluates several deep learning models for unsupervised monocular depth estimation. It begins with background on depth estimation methods and a literature review of recent work. Four depth estimation architectures are then described: EfficientNet-B7, EfficientNet-B3, DenseNet121, and DenseNet161. These models use an encoder-decoder structure with skip connections. An unsupervised loss function is adopted that combines appearance matching, disparity smoothness, and left-right consistency losses. The models are trained on the KITTI dataset and evaluated using standard KITTI metrics, showing improved performance over baseline methods using less training data and lower input resolution.
This project aims to develop a dynamic optimized traffic signal control system using image processing. The system will use cameras to detect vehicle density on the road and control traffic lights accordingly. It analyzes images using digital image processing techniques to count vehicles and determine density. Based on the vehicle density, the system will set timers to control red, yellow, and green lights in order to reduce traffic jams and optimize traffic flow. The objectives are to detect traffic density using cameras and control LED traffic lights based on the vehicle count from the images. A Raspberry Pi will be used along with Python and MATLAB software.
Lane Detection and Traffic Sign Recognition using OpenCV and Deep Learning fo...IRJET Journal
This document discusses lane detection and traffic sign recognition methods for autonomous vehicles. It proposes using OpenCV and deep learning techniques for lane detection and a CNN model for traffic sign recognition. For lane detection, it describes using frame masking, image thresholding, and Hough line transformation on camera images to detect lane markings. For traffic sign recognition, it discusses pre-processing images, developing a CNN architecture called EdLeNet based on LeNet, and achieving over 98% accuracy on a test set for sign classification. The goal is to incorporate these computer vision methods into driver assistance systems to help enable safer autonomous driving.
Face recognition using assemble of low frequency of DCT featuresjournalBEEI
Face recognition is a challenge due to facial expression, direction, light, and scale variations. The system requires a suitable algorithm to perform recognition task in order to reduce the system complexity. This paper focuses on a development of a new local feature extraction in frequency domain to reduce dimension of feature space. In the propose method, assemble of DCT coefficients are used to extract important features and reduces the features vector. PCA is performed to further reduce feature dimension by using linear projection of original image. The proposed of assemble low frequency coefficients and features reduction method is able to increase discriminant power in low dimensional feature space. The classification is performed by using the Euclidean distance score between the projection of test and train images. The algorithm is implemented on DSP processor which has the same performance as PC based. The experiment is conducted using ORL standard face databases the best performance achieved by this method is 100%. The execution time to recognize 40 peoples is 0.3313 second when tested using DSP processor. The proposed method has a high degree of recognition accuracy and fast computational time when implemented in embedded platform such as DSP processor.
A Flexible Scheme for Transmission Line Fault Identification Using Image Proc...IJEEE
This paper describes a methodology that aims to find and diagnosing faults in transmission lines exploitation image process technique. The image processing techniques have been widely used to solve problem in process of all areas. In this paper, the methodology conjointly uses a digital image process Wavelet Shrinkage function to fault identification and diagnosis. In other words, the purpose is to extract the faulty image from the source with the separation and the co-ordinates of the transmission lines. The segmentation objective is the image division its set of parts and objects, which distinguishes it among others in the scene, are the key to have an improved result in identification of faults.The experimental results indicate that the proposed method provides promising results and is advantageous both in terms of PSNR and in visual quality.
Concept of Problem Solving, Introduction to Algorithms, Characteristics of Algorithms, Introduction to Data Structure, Data Structure Classification (Linear and Non-linear, Static and Dynamic, Persistent and Ephemeral data structures), Time complexity and Space complexity, Asymptotic Notation - The Big-O, Omega and Theta notation, Algorithmic upper bounds, lower bounds, Best, Worst and Average case analysis of an Algorithm, Abstract Data Types (ADT)
Data Structures_Linear data structures Linked Lists.pptxRushaliDeshmukh2
Concept of Linear Data Structures, Array as an ADT, Merging of two arrays, Storage
Representation, Linear list – singly linked list implementation, insertion, deletion and searching operations on linear list, circularly linked lists- Operations for Circularly linked lists, doubly linked
list implementation, insertion, deletion and searching operations, applications of linked lists.
Data Structures_Linear Data Structure Stack.pptxRushaliDeshmukh2
LIFO Principle,
Stack as an ADT,
Representation and Implementation of Stack using Sequential and Linked Organization.
Applications of Stack- Simulating Recursion using Stack,
Arithmetic Expression Conversion and Evaluation,
Reversing a String.
Time complexity analysis of Stack operations
Lidar for Autonomous Driving, LiDAR Mapping for Driverless Cars.pptxRishavKumar530754
LiDAR-Based System for Autonomous Cars
Autonomous Driving with LiDAR Tech
LiDAR Integration in Self-Driving Cars
Self-Driving Vehicles Using LiDAR
LiDAR Mapping for Driverless Cars
When we associate semantic rules with productions, we use two notations:
Syntax-Directed Definitions
Translation Schemes
Syntax-Directed Definitions:
give high-level specifications for translations
hide many implementation details such as order of evaluation of semantic actions.
We associate a production rule with a set of semantic actions, and we do not say when they will be evaluated.
Translation Schemes:
indicate the order of evaluation of semantic actions associated with a production rule.
In other words, translation schemes give a little bit information about implementation details.
Value Stream Mapping Worskshops for Intelligent Continuous SecurityMarc Hornbeek
This presentation provides detailed guidance and tools for conducting Current State and Future State Value Stream Mapping workshops for Intelligent Continuous Security.
Fluid mechanics is the branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. Originally applied to water (hydromechanics), it found applications in a wide range of disciplines, including mechanical, aerospace, civil, chemical, and biomedical engineering, as well as geophysics, oceanography, meteorology, astrophysics, and biology.
It can be divided into fluid statics, the study of various fluids at rest, and fluid dynamics.
Fluid statics, also known as hydrostatics, is the study of fluids at rest, specifically when there's no relative motion between fluid particles. It focuses on the conditions under which fluids are in stable equilibrium and doesn't involve fluid motion.
Fluid kinematics is the branch of fluid mechanics that focuses on describing and analyzing the motion of fluids, such as liquids and gases, without considering the forces that cause the motion. It deals with the geometrical and temporal aspects of fluid flow, including velocity and acceleration. Fluid dynamics, on the other hand, considers the forces acting on the fluid.
Fluid dynamics is the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion. It is a branch of continuum mechanics, a subject which models matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms; that is, it models matter from a macroscopic viewpoint rather than from microscopic.
Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research, typically mathematically complex. Many problems are partly or wholly unsolved and are best addressed by numerical methods, typically using computers. A modern discipline, called computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is devoted to this approach. Particle image velocimetry, an experimental method for visualizing and analyzing fluid flow, also takes advantage of the highly visual nature of fluid flow.
Fundamentally, every fluid mechanical system is assumed to obey the basic laws :
Conservation of mass
Conservation of energy
Conservation of momentum
The continuum assumption
For example, the assumption that mass is conserved means that for any fixed control volume (for example, a spherical volume)—enclosed by a control surface—the rate of change of the mass contained in that volume is equal to the rate at which mass is passing through the surface from outside to inside, minus the rate at which mass is passing from inside to outside. This can be expressed as an equation in integral form over the control volume.
The continuum assumption is an idealization of continuum mechanics under which fluids can be treated as continuous, even though, on a microscopic scale, they are composed of molecules. Under the continuum assumption, macroscopic (observed/measurable) properties such as density, pressure, temperature, and bulk velocity are taken to be well-defined at "infinitesimal" volume elements—small in comparison to the characteristic length scale of the system, but large in comparison to molecular length scale
YJIT can make Ruby code run faster, but this is a balancing act, because the JIT compiler itself must consume both memory and CPU cycles to compile and optimize your code while it is running. Furthermore, in large-scale production environments such as those of GitHub, Shopify and Stripe, we end up in a situation where YJIT is compiling the same code over and over again on a very large number of servers, which seems very inefficient.
In this presentation, we will go over the design of ZJIT, a next generation Ruby JIT which aims to save and reuse compiled code between executions. We hope that this will help us eliminate duplicated work while also allowing the compiler to spend more time optimizing code so that we can get better performance.
3. INTRODUCTION
1. What is traffic control using image processing
2. How it differs from ordinary traffic control
3. Why Image processing
6. TRAFFIC CONTROL USING IMAGE PROCESSING
Image Processing: Processing images using digital
computers
1.Image Acquisition: Camera etc
2.Image Pre-processing
Image Rescaling
RGB to Gray conversion
3.Edge Detection
Canny
9. IMAGE PRE-PROCESSING
1.Image rescaling or resizing
Robustness
2.RGB to Grey conversion
Colors does not matter for color blinds
Various algorithms
Simplest
G=0.3R+0.59G+0.11B
Percieved brightness is often dominated by green
component
Human Oriented
11. CANNY
Steps
1. Smooth the input with Gaussian filter.
2. Compute the gradient magnitude and angle
images.
3. Apply nonmaxima suppression to the gradient
magnitude image.
4. Use double thresholding and connectivity analysis
to detect and link images.
12. MATCHING
Matching is the most important step in various image
processing applications.
Pattern Vector
Matric defining pattern vectors
One example: Minimum distance
Euclidean distance
13. MATLAB
1. Matrix Laboratories
2. It integrates computation, visualization, and
programming environment.
3. Exciting features
1. Simulink.
2. GUI
>> We have used GUIDE to make GUI.
14. GUI
>> Stands for
Graphic User
Interface.
>> Programming
very difficult,
however use of
GUIDE simplifies the
problem to greater
17. CONCLUSION
Drawback of earlier methods
>> Wastage of time by lighting green signal even when
road is empty.
Image processing removes such problem.
Slight difficult to implement in real time because the
accuracy of time calculation depends on relative
position of camera.
18. FUTURE WORK
The focus shall be to implement the controller using
DSP as it can avoid heavy investment in industrial
control computer while obtaining improved
computational power and optimized system structure.
The hardware implementation would enable the
project to be used in real-time practical conditions. In
addition, we propose a system to identify the vehicles
as they pass by, giving preference to emergency
vehicles and assisting in surveillance on a large scale.
19. REFERENCES
1. Digital image processing by Rafael C. Gonzalez
and Richard E. Woods.
2. M. Siyal, and J. Ahmed, “A novel morphological
edge detection and window based approach for
real-time road data control and management,”
Fifth IEEE Int. Conf. on Information,
Communications and Signal Processing,
Bangkok, July 2005, pp. 324-328.
3. Y. Wu, F. Lian, and T. Chang, “Traffic
monitoring and vehicle tracking using roadside
camera,” IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and
Automation, Taipei, Oct 2006, pp. 4631– 4636