Finding Concurrency Errors in Event-Driven Applications - Strangeloop'14
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We present a new open-source analysis system called EventRacer (www.eventracer.org) developed at the Software Reliability Lab at ETH Zurich, that finds harmful concurrency errors in event-driven applications such as web pages and Android applications. We illustrate how these concurrency errors can occur in real-world applications as well as the key analysis mechanisms behind EventRacer.
![EventRacer end-to-end System
DOM nodes and attributes
<img id="img1" src="img1.png"
onload="v='Hi!';">
<script>
document.getElementById("img1")
.addEventListener("click", f);
</script>
↦ write(#img1)
↦ write(#img1.onload)
↦ read(#img1)
↦ write(#img1.click)
Instrumented
System
Execution
Trace
What are the memory locations on
which asynchronous events can race?
JS variables, functions, arrays
<script>
v='Hi!';
function f() {}
messages[2] = 42;
</script>
↦ write(v)
↦ write(f)
↦ write(messages[2])
Happens-before
Graph
Race
Detector
?
?
?
Race
Explorer
Race Filtering
and Grouping
Android App,
Web Page
8](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/strangeloop14-eventracer-140921120327-phpapp02/85/Finding-Concurrency-Errors-in-Event-Driven-Applications-Strangeloop-14-13-320.jpg)
![Is the Alternative Interleaving Feasible?
D/GPS: onCreate
D/GPS: insert: Location[gps 47.284646,8.632389 acc=10 et=0 vel=2.0 mock]
D/GPS: insert: Location[gps 47.284656,8.632598 acc=10 et=0 vel=2.0 mock]
D/GPS: insert: Location[gps 47.284712,8.632722 acc=10 et=0 vel=2.0 mock]
D/GPS: insert: Location[gps 47.284832,8.632837 acc=10 et=0 vel=2.0 mock]
D/GPS: onStop
D/GPS: insert: Location[gps 47.285022,8.633205 acc=10 et=0 vel=2.0 mock]
E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
E/AndroidRuntime: Process: com.example.gps, PID: 2249
E/AndroidRuntime: java.lang.IllegalStateException: attempt to re-open an
already-closed object: SQLiteDatabase: /data/data/com.example.gps/test.db
16](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/strangeloop14-eventracer-140921120327-phpapp02/85/Finding-Concurrency-Errors-in-Event-Driven-Applications-Strangeloop-14-23-320.jpg)
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Finding Concurrency Errors in Event-Driven Applications - Strangeloop'14
- 1. EventRacer: Finding Concurrency Errors in Event-Driven Applications Pavol Bielik
- 2. Android Errors Caused by Concurrency Display article twice Display wrong directory Display wrong order 1
- 3. Web Page Errors Caused by Concurrency Incomplete form jQuery version used non-deterministically submitted Non-operational menu 2
- 4. Event-Driven Applications designed to hide latency, various asynchronous APIs network, disk, database, timers, UI events highly asynchronous and complex control flow scheduling non-determinism asynchrony is not intuitive 3
- 5. Trouble with Asynchrony Background task, progress dialog, orientation change - is there any 100% working solution? JavaScript function sometimes called, sometimes not Avoiding race conditions in Google Analytics asynchronous tracking Ajax Call Sometimes Works, Sometime works and refreshes, Sometimes refreshes and fails …? Is AsyncTask really conceptually flawed or am I just missing something? 4
- 6. “Hello World” of web page concurrency <html><body> <script> var v=undefined; </script> <img src="img1.png" onload="v='Hi!';"> <img src="img2.png" onload="alert(v);"> </body></html> Browser Server fetch img1.png fetch img2.png load img1.png load img2.png v:undefined v:’Hi!’ Hi! 5
- 7. Bad interleaving <html><body> <script> var v=undefined; </script> <img src="img1.png" onload="v='Hi!';"> <img src="img2.png" onload="alert(v);"> </body></html> Browser Server fetch img1.png fetch img2.png load img2.png v:undefined undefined 5
- 8. Understanding the problem <html><body> <script> var v=undefined; </script> <img src=”img1.png” onload=”v=’Hi!’;”> <img src=”img2.png” onload=”alert(v);”> </body></html> Event Actions 6
- 9. Understanding the problem <html><body> <script> var v=undefined; </script> <img src=”img1.png” onload=”v=’Hi!’;”> <img src=”img2.png” onload=”alert(v);”> </body></html> Event Actions Happens-before 6
- 10. Understanding the problem <html><body> <script> var v=undefined; </script> <img src=”img1.png” onload=”v=’Hi!’;”> <img src=”img2.png” onload=”alert(v);”> </body></html> Race write v read v Event Actions Happens-before 6
- 12. EventRacer end-to-end System Instrumented System Execution Trace Happens-before Graph Race Detector ? ? ? Race Explorer Race Filtering and Grouping Android App, Web Page 7
- 13. EventRacer end-to-end System DOM nodes and attributes <img id="img1" src="img1.png" onload="v='Hi!';"> <script> document.getElementById("img1") .addEventListener("click", f); </script> ↦ write(#img1) ↦ write(#img1.onload) ↦ read(#img1) ↦ write(#img1.click) Instrumented System Execution Trace What are the memory locations on which asynchronous events can race? JS variables, functions, arrays <script> v='Hi!'; function f() {} messages[2] = 42; </script> ↦ write(v) ↦ write(f) ↦ write(messages[2]) Happens-before Graph Race Detector ? ? ? Race Explorer Race Filtering and Grouping Android App, Web Page 8
- 14. EventRacer end-to-end System Instrumented System Web - parsing an HTML element - executing a script - handling user input - ... <script> var v=undefined; </script> <img src=”img1.png” onload=”v=’Hi!’;”> <img src=”img2.png” onload=”alert(v);”> Execution Trace What are the atomic events used in event-driven applications? Happens-before Graph Race Detector ? ? ? Race Explorer Race Filtering and Grouping Android App, Web Page 9
- 15. EventRacer end-to-end System Happens-before <script> var v=undefined; </script> Happens-before <img src=”img1.png” onload=”v=’Hi!’;”> <img src=”img2.png” onload=”alert(v);”> Instrumented System Execution Trace What is the event happens-before? Web setInterval, SetTimeout, AJAX, … Android postDelayed, postAtFront, postIdle, ... Graph Race Detector ? ? ? Race Explorer Race Filtering and Grouping Android App, Web Page 10
- 16. EventRacer end-to-end System <script> var v=undefined; </script> Race write v <img src=”img1.png” onload=”v=’Hi!’;”> <img src=”img2.png” onload=”alert(v);”> read v Instrumented System Execution Trace How to make scalable race detection in event-based setting? (Naive algorithms have asymptotic complexity O(N3) and require O(N2) space) State of the art EventRacer runtime TIMEOUT 2.4sec memory 25181MB 171MB Happens-before Graph Race Detector ? ? ? Race Explorer Race Filtering and Grouping Android App, Web Page 11
- 17. EventRacer end-to-end System Is the system effective at finding harmful races while reporting few benign races? We filter common classes of benign races: commutative operations, recycled objects, lazy initialization, local reads, ... Web Android # races found 646 1328 # races reported 17.3 13 reduction 37x 100x Instrumented System Execution Trace Happens-before Graph Race Detector ? ? ? Race Explorer Race Filtering and Grouping Android App, Web Page 13
- 18. Manual evaluation Fortune 100 Web Pages 25% 17.3% synchronization races various idioms: ✓ if (ready) … ✓ try { … } catch { retry } ✓ array of callbacks ✓ etc. harmless races ✓ commutative operations ✓ benign races ✓ framework related Web (314 reports) Harmful bugs ✓ unhandled exceptions ✓ UI glitches ✓ broken analytics ✓ page needs refresh to work normally Android (104 reports) 8 Play Store Applications 14 24.6% 58.4% 17% 57.7%
- 19. Simple GPS Tracker protected void onCreate() { locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(GPS_PROVIDER, 0, 0, mListener); mDbHelper = new SQLiteOpenHelper(this, DB_NAME, DB_VERSION); } LocationListener mListener = new LocationListener() { public void onLocationChanged(Location location) { //show location on map mDbHelper.getWritableDatabase().insert(loc); } }; protected void onStop() { locationManager.removeUpdates(mListener); mDbHelper.close(); } 15
- 20. Simple GPS Tracker protected void onCreate() { locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(GPS_PROVIDER, 0, 0, mListener); mDbHelper = new SQLiteOpenHelper(this, DB_NAME, DB_VERSION); } LocationListener mListener = new LocationListener() { public void onLocationChanged(Location location) { //show location on map mDbHelper.getWritableDatabase().insert(loc); } }; protected void onStop() { locationManager.removeUpdates(mListener); mDbHelper.close(); } 15 public void removeUpdates (LocationListener listener) Added in API level 1 Removes all location updates for the specified LocationListener. Following this call, updates will no longer occur for this listener.
- 22. Analysis Results onLocationChanged and onStop are reported as not ordered event 1 source async IPC, interface(android.location.ILocationListener), code(onLocationChanged)) event 2 source async IPC, interface(android.app.IApplicationThread), code (SCHEDULE_STOP_ACTIVITY)) →calling context Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteDatabase;.insert(...) →calling context Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteClosable;.close(...) → UPDATE-UPDATE - 63568 Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteConnectionPool;.mAvailablePrimaryConnection → READ-UPDATE - 63568 Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteConnectionPool;.mIsOpen → READ-UPDATE - 63576 Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteConnection;.mConnectionPtr → READ-UPDATE - 63576 Landroid/database/sqlite/SQLiteConnection;.mPreparedStatementPool 16
- 23. Is the Alternative Interleaving Feasible? D/GPS: onCreate D/GPS: insert: Location[gps 47.284646,8.632389 acc=10 et=0 vel=2.0 mock] D/GPS: insert: Location[gps 47.284656,8.632598 acc=10 et=0 vel=2.0 mock] D/GPS: insert: Location[gps 47.284712,8.632722 acc=10 et=0 vel=2.0 mock] D/GPS: insert: Location[gps 47.284832,8.632837 acc=10 et=0 vel=2.0 mock] D/GPS: onStop D/GPS: insert: Location[gps 47.285022,8.633205 acc=10 et=0 vel=2.0 mock] E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main E/AndroidRuntime: Process: com.example.gps, PID: 2249 E/AndroidRuntime: java.lang.IllegalStateException: attempt to re-open an already-closed object: SQLiteDatabase: /data/data/com.example.gps/test.db 16
- 24. Current Directions Google Chromium port V8 javascript engine instrumentation Testing tools based on EventRacer Integration with Selenium PhantomJS Application for Parallelization Other Application Domains (beyond Web Pages, Android) Node.js 17
- 25. www.eventracer.org Martin Vechev, Veselin Raychev, Pavol Bielik Anders Møller, Casper Jensen Manu Sridharan Boris Petrov, Yasen Trifonov Julian Dolby Instrumented System Execution Trace Happens-before Graph Race Detector ? ? ? Race Explorer Race Filtering and Grouping Android App, Web Page