FREUDS-THEORY.pptx_20250902_204022_0000.pdf
- 1. DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES AND OTHER RELEVANT THEORIES FREUD"S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY
- 2. Freud is the most popular psychologist that studied the development of personality, also probably the most controversial. His theory of psychosexual development includes five distinct stages. According to Freud, a person goes through the sequence of these five stages and along the way there are needs to be met. Whether these needs are met or not, determines whether the person will develop a healthy personality or not. The theory is quite interesting for many because Freud identified specific erogenous zones for each stage of development. These are specific "pleasure areas" that become focal points for the particular stage. If needs are not met along the area, a fixation occurs. As an adult, the person will now manifest behaviors related to this erogenous zone. Freud's stages of psychosexual Development
- 3. Freud's psychosexual development 3. PHALLICSTAGE (Ages3 to 6 ) 2. ANALSTAGE( 18monthsto3years) 4. LATENCYSTAGE (Age6toPuberty) 1. ORALSTAGE (birthto18months) 5. GENITALSTAGE ( PubertyOnwards)
- 4. The erogenous zone is the mouth. During the oral stage, the child is focused on oral pleasures (sucking). Too much or too little satisfaction can lead to an Oral Fixation or Oral Personality which is shown in an increased focus on oral activities. This type of personality may be oral receptive, that is, have a stronger tendency to smoke, drink alcohol, overeat, or oral aggressive, that is, with a tendency to bite his or her nails, or use curse words or even gossip. As a result, these persons may become too dependent on others, easily fooled, and lack leadership traits. On the other hand, they may also fight these tendencies and become pessimistic and aggressive in relating with people. ORAL STAGE (birth to 18 months)
- 5. The child's focus of pleasure in this stage is the anus. The child finds satisfaction in eliminating and retaining feces. Through society's expectations, particularly the parents, the child needs to work on toilet training. Let us remember that between one year and a half to three years the child's favorite word might be "No!". Therefore a struggle might exist in the toilet training process when the child retains feces when asked to eliminate, or may choose to defecate when asked to hold feces for some reason. In terms of personality, fixation during this stage can result in being anal retentive, an obsession with cleanliness, perfection, and control: or anal expulsive where the person may become messy and disorganized. Anal STAGE ( 18 months to 3 years)
- 6. The pleasure or erogenous zone is the genitals. During the preschool age, children become interested in what makes boys and girls different. Preschoolers will sometimes be seen fondling their genitals. Freud's studies led him to believe that during this stage boys develop unconscious sexual desire for their mother. Boys then see their father as a rival for her mother's affection. Boys may fear that their father will punish them for these feelings, thus, the castration anxiety. Phallic STAGE ( Ages to 3 to 6 years)
- 7. These feelings comprise what Freud called “Oedipus Complex” an Greek Mythology. Oedipus unintentionally killed his father and married his mother Jocasta. Psychoanalysts also believed that girls may also have a similar. experience. developing unconscious sexual attraction towards their father. This is what is referred to as the “Electra Complex.”
- 8. According to Freud, out of fear of castration and due to the strong competition of their father. boys eventually decide to identify wis them rather than fight them. By identifying with their father, the boy develop masculine characteristics and identify themselves as males ang repress their sexual feelings toward their mother. A fixation at this stag could result in sexual deviancies (both overindulging and avoidance) ang weak or confused sexual identity according to psychoanalysts.
- 9. It's during this stage that sexual urges remain repressed. The children's focus is the acquisition of physical and academic skills. Boys usually relate more with boys and girls with girls during this stage. Latency Stage (age 6 to puberty)
- 10. The fifth stage of psychosexual development begins at the start of puberty when sexual urges are once again awakened. In the earlier stages, adolescents focus their sexual urges towards the opposite sex peers, with the pleasure centered on the genitals. Genital Stage (puberty onwards)
- 11. Freud described the personality structures as having three components, the id, the ego and the superego. For each person, the first to emerge is the id, followed by the ego, and last to develop is the superego. Freud’s personality components
- 12. While reading about the three components, use the graphic organizer below to put your notes and questions about them.
- 13. Freud says that, a child is born with the id. The id plays a vital role in one's personality because as a baby, it works so that the baby's essential needs are met. The id operates on the pleasure principle. It focuses on immediate gratification or satisfaction of its needs. So whatever feels good now is what it will pursue with no consideration for the reality, logicality or practicality of the situation. For example, a baby is hungry. It's id wants food or milk... so the baby will cry. When the child needs to be changed, the id cries. When the child is uncomfortable, in pain, too hot, too cold, or just wants attention, the id speaks up until his or her needs are met. id
- 14. Nothing else matters to the id except the satisfaction of its own needs. It is not oriented towards considering reality nor the needs of others. Just see how babies cry any time of day and night! Absolutely no regard of whether mommy is tired or daddy is sleeping. When the id wants something, it wants it now and it wants it fast! id
- 15. The ego. As the baby turns into a toddler and then into a preschooler, he/she relates more with the environment, the ego slowly begins to emerge. The ego operates using the reality principle. It is aware that others also have needs to be met. It is practical because it knows that being impulsive or selfish can result to negative consequences later, so it reasons and considers the best response to situations. As such, it is the deciding agent of the personality. Although it functions to help the id meet its needs, it always takes into account the reality of the situation.. ego
- 16. Near the end of the pre superego of the phallic stage, the superego develops. The superego person's moral aspect. This develops from what the parents, teacher and other persons who exert influence impart to be good or moral .The other ego is likened to conscience because it exerts influence on what one considers right and wrong. superego
- 17. Freud said that a well-adjusted person is one who has strong ego who can help satisfy the needs of the id without going against the superego while maintaining the person's sense of what is logical practical and real. Of course, it is not easy for the ego to do all that and strike a balance. If the id exerts too much power over the ego, the person becomes too impulsive and pleasure-seeking behavior takes over one's life. On the opposite direction, one may find the superego so strong that the ego is overpowered. The person becomes so harsh and judgmental to himself and others' actions. The person's best effort to be good may still fall short of the superego's expectations. The three components and personality adjustment
- 18. The ability of a learner to be well-adjusted is largely influenced by how the learner was brought up. His experiences about how his parents met his needs, the extent to which he was allowed to do the things he wanted to do, and also how he was taught about right and wrong, all figures to the type of personality and consequent adjustment that a person will make. Freud believed that the personality of an individual is formed early during the childhood years. The three components and personality adjustment
- 20. Freud said that most what we go through in our lives, emotions, beliefs, feelings, and impulses deep within are not available to us at a conscious level. He believed that most of what influence us is our unconscious. The Oedipus and Electra Complex mentioned earlier were both buried down into the unconscious, out of our awareness due to the extreme anxiety they caused. While these complexes are in our unconscious, they still influence our thinking feeling and doing in perhaps dramatic ways. unconscious
- 21. Freud also said that all that we are aware of is stored in our conscious mind. Our conscious mind only comprises a very small part of who we are so that, in our everyday life, we are only aware of a very small part of what makes up our personality; most of what we are is hidden and out of reach. Conscious
- 22. The last part is the preconscious or subconscious. This is the part of us that we can reach if prompted, but is not in our active conscious. Its right below the surface, but still "hidden" somewhat unless we search for it. Information such as our telephone number, some childhood memories, or the name of your best childhood friend is stored in the preconscious Subconscious
- 23. Because the unconscious is so huge, and because we are only aware of the very small conscious at any given time, Freud used the analogy of the iceberg to illustrate it. A big part of the iceberg is hidden beneath the water's surface. The water, may represent all that we are not aware of, have not experienced, and that has not been made part of our personalities. referred to as the nonconscious.