From CSS to Sass in WordPress
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This document discusses converting an existing CSS stylesheet to the preprocessors Sass and Compass to improve code organization, reusability, and maintenance. It recommends setting up a Sass folder structure with partial files for sections of CSS, refactoring code for nesting and variables. It also provides options for compiling Sass in WordPress themes using the command line with Compass or GUI apps, and suggests additional Sass tools and resources.
From CSS to Sass in WordPress
- 1. FROM CSS TO SASS IN WORDPRESS James Steinbach WP Summit 2014 @jdsteinbach #wpsummit . 1
- 2. BENEFITS OF SASS • Code organization (partials, nesting) • Faster styling (mixins, functions) • Scalable code (logic, variables) 2
- 5. CONVERT A STYLESHEET TO SASS So where do we even start? 5
- 6. THE BARE MINIMUM • CSS is valid Sass: – change style.css to style.scss – edit – compile back to style.css 6
- 7. SETTING UP PARTIALS • Copy each “section” of style.css to a separate .scss file in your /sass/ folder. • Name the file after what it does with an underscore prefix. – Example: styles relating to your navigation go to _navigation.scss • Import that partial in your main style.scss file. – @import 'navigation'; 7
- 8. REFACTOR AS NECESSARY .header .logo { //styles } .header .tagline { //styles } .header .menu { //styles } .header { .logo { //styles } .tagline { //styles } .menu { //styles } } 8
- 9. REFACTOR AS NECESSARY .menu a { -webkit-transition: color 0.2s; -moz-transition: color 0.2s; transition: color 0.2s; } .menu a { @include transition(color 0.2s); } 9
- 10. COMPILE YOUR SASS FOR WP Now that we broke it down, how do we put it back together? 10
- 11. WP REQUIREMENTS • Theme root contains style.css with WP comments • All Sass files in a subdirectory to keep theme root clean • Ability to compress output for deployed code • Avoid long, complex command line code 11
- 12. CLI COMPILE METHODS • Sass CLI – Compile: sass style.scss style.css – Watch: sass --watch style.scss style.css • Compass CLI – Watch: compass watch 12
- 13. GUI COMPILE METHODS • Codekit: incident57.com/codekit • Koala: koala-app.com • Scout: mhs.github.io/scout-app • Compass.app: compass.kkbox.com 13
- 14. COMPASS WATCH • Easiest CLI syntax: compass watch • Config.rb file for options: – File path (keep style.css in the right place) – Output expanded compressed 14
- 15. MY COMPASS CONFIG.RB • Lives in /theme/sass/ – style.css goes up a level to theme root css_dir = '..' – sass files live in same /sass/ directory as config.rb sass_dir = '' – development setting output_style = :expanded – deployment setting output_style = :compressed 15
- 16. WP STYLE.CSS COMMENTS • style.scss in /theme/sass/ • Include '!' to preserve comments in :compressed output /*! Theme Name: Sassy Theme Theme URI: http://jamessteinbach.com/ Author: James Steinbach Author URI: http://jamessteinbach.com Description: From CSS to Sass */ @import 'variables'; @import 'bourbon/bourbon'; //etc all your other imports… 16
- 17. ORGANIZE YOUR PARTIALS Can I make all these new files easier to maintain? 17
- 18. CASCADES STILL MATTER • Import your broadest styles first. • Import your most specific styles last. 18
- 19. USE FOLDERS • Group your .scss partials into folders: – Base (variables, mixins, reset, typography) – Layout (grid, header, footer) – Components (buttons, menus, forms, widgets) – Pages (home, landing page, portfolio) – 3rd Party (plugins, vendors, etc) 19
- 20. FULL DISCLOSURE • My Sass folder structure is not usually this detailed. – /bourbon/ – /neat/ – /underscores/ (blank theme styles) – All my partials (from _variables.scss to _home.scss) 20
- 21. TRY THESE SASS TOOLS Are there any other tricks for making this workflow better? 21
- 22. BOURBON • Advanced Measurement/Color Functions – golden-ratio(16px, 1); returns 25.888px – strip-units(12px); returns 12 – tint(#330000, 50%); returns #997f7f; – rem(24px); default $em-base: 16px, returns 1.5rem 22
- 23. BOURBON • Prefixing Mixins – @include animation(); – @include background-image(); – @include columns(); – @include flexbox(); – @include transform(); – @include font-feature-settings(); 23
- 24. BOURBON NEAT $grid-columns: 12; $gutter: 1em; .container { @include outer-container(); } .grid-item { @include span-columns(3); } 24
- 25. MY MIXINS: BREAKPOINTS $breakpoints: (small: 600px, large: 920px); @mixin breakpoint($name) { @if not index(map-keys($breakpoints), $name) { @warn "Invalid breakpoint '#{$name}'."; } @else { @media (min-width: map- get($breakpoints, $name)) { @content; } } } 25
- 26. MY MIXINS: FONT SIZES $font-sizes: (sm: 14, p: 16, bq: 20, ssh: 24, sh: 30, h: 32, hero: 48); @each $label, $size in $font-sizes { %#{$label} { font-size: $size * 1px; font-size: rem($size); } .page-title { @extend %h; } 26
- 27. MY MIXINS: ABS. POSITION @mixin abs($t,$r,$b,$l) { position: absolute; top: $t; right: $r; bottom: $b; left: $l; } 27
- 28. MY MIXINS: FONT-SMOOTHING @mixin font-smoothing($val) { @if $val == 'antialiased' or $val == 'subpixel-antialiased' { -webkit-font-smoothing: $val; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: $val; } @else { @warn 'Invalid value.' } } 28
- 29. RESOURCES Where do I get more information? 29
- 30. ADDITIONAL READING • “Compass Compiling and WordPress Themes,” Chris Coyier - css-tricks.com/compass-compiling-and- wordpress-themes/ • “How to Use Sass with WordPress,” Andy Leverenz - elegantthemes.com/blog/tips-tricks/how-to-use-sass- with-wordpress-a-step-by-step-guide • “Get Your Sass in Line,” Micah Godbolt - godbolt.me/ blog/get-your-sass-in-line.html • “Architecture for a Sass Project,” Hugo Giraudel - sitepoint.com/architecture-sass-project/ 30
- 31. DOCUMENTATION • Sass: sass-lang.com • Compass: compass-style.org • Bourbon: bourbon.io/docs • Bourbon Neat: neat.bourbon.io/docs • SassMeister App: sassmeister.com 31
- 32. JAMES STEINBACH Senior Front End Developer The Idea People in Charlotte, NC @jdsteinbach | jamessteinbach.com/blog 32