From dev to prod: Kubernetes on AWS (short ver.)
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The document discusses Yusuke Kuoka's recommendations and experience for deploying Kubernetes on AWS from development to production, including tools for bootstrapping Kubernetes clusters on AWS, running local development environments, automating the deployment process, and implementing logging and monitoring across environments using DaemonSets and Concourse CI for continuous integration. It also notes challenges around achieving high availability with Kubernetes and etcd in the Tokyo region and ideas for further improvements.
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From dev to prod: Kubernetes on AWS (short ver.)
- 1. From dev to prod: Kubernetes on AWS (short ver.) Yusuke KUOKA from うどん県 ChatWork (http://www.chatwork.com/) @mumoshu
- 2. Our goals, tooling and automation
- 3. Goals
- 7. Tooling
- 8. My recommendation * kube-aws from coreos/coreos-kubernetes: for bootstrapping production k8s clusters * kubernetes/minikube: for running local k8s cluster * fabric8io/docker-iptables-redirector and * jtblin/aws-mock-metadata and * docker-compose: for emulating AWS environment (to make 169.254.169.254 accessible from fluentd, dd-agent containers) * nginx-ingress-controller(kubernetes/contrib): to replace our in-house ingress implementation w/ static service discovery * DaemonSets for Fluentd, Datadog Agent: for unified logging & monitoring experience from dev to prod * Concourse CI on AWS: for CI&CD
- 10. kube-aws from coreos/coreos-kubernetes For bootstrapping production k8s clusters * supports Ubernetes Lite(Multi-AZ k8s nodes) out-of-box (which I have contributed) * Coming Soon: * Automatic node-draining before shutting-down (which I have contributed) * Dedicated H/A etc cluster(Alternatives: MonsantoCo/ etcd-cluster-aws and crewjam/etcd-aws)
- 11. kube-aws Caveats * kube-aws doesn’t support cluster update * We recreate the k8s cluster each time we want to make a change other than scaling-out of k8s nodes
- 12. Kubernetes? Caveats * IMHO there is no way to achieve H/A w/ an Etcd cluster in Tokyo region * You need at least 3 Etcd nodes in 3 AZs to deal with AZ failures (prevent split-brain scenarios) * Typically only 2 of 3 AZs in Tokyo region are visible / available to you * With 2 nodes in 2 AZs, you’ll eventually end up with a split-brain * With 1 node: Do you want to get called in midnight?
- 13. H/A Etcd Cluster * Work-around: 2 Etcd Clusters + 2 Kubernetes Clusters See: https://github.com/coreos/coreos-kubernetes/ pull/525#issuecomment-225089742 * I’m jealous of you in us-east-1 (5 AZs!) * GCP is coming to Tokyo in 2016 (How many zones?)
- 15. kubernetes/minikube For running full-featured local k8s clusters on developers’ laptops * Supports the `ServiceAccount` admission control out of box, which is required to make Ingress Controller work * built-on top of improved version of redspread/localkube * Very active development: The DNS issue I have reported fixed in a day or two
- 16. Emulating EC2 metadata service `docker-compose up -d` to run: * fabric8io/docker-iptables-redirector * jtblin/aws-mock-metadata in the minikubeVM for emulating AWS EC2 metadata service w/ iptables magic to make 169.254.169.254 accessible from fluentd, dd-agent containers in your local development env.
- 17. Bash & Makefile scripting… * `kube-chawork start` to automatically: * install missing binaries(minikube, kubectl, gcloud-sdk) on your MacBook * start minikubeVM * start the metadata service running docker-compose against minikubeVM * finally run `kubectl create -f <all the deployments and daemonsets>.yaml`
- 19. nginx-ingress-controller … from kubernetes/contrib, to replace our in-house ingress implementation w/ STATIC service discovery
- 20. Logging & Monitoring * DaemonSet for fluentd + GCP Stackdriver Logging * Personal Datadog account + DaemonSet for Datadog Agent(datadog/dd-agent:kubernetes) For unified logging & monitoring experience from dev to prod * Every developer can experiment in logging & monitoring with his/her local environment
- 21. Concourse CI * CI with `pipelines` as the first class citizen * To run E2E testing when one of our micro service’s application code or docker base images are updated? * Alternatives: GoCD, Wercker, Jenkins v2
- 22. Concourse Caveats * Usually requires CloudFoundry’s BOSH for deployment * No time learning BOSH * We have developed/open-sourced concourse-aws to deploy it with terraform: https://github.com/mumoshu/concourse-aws/
- 23. TODOs / WISHes
- 24. Multiple containers in a Pod * Our `app` pod has 1 image containing processes for: http server, php, smtp relay with buffering, etc. * SMTP relay embedded to prevent web/non-web transactions from failing when our mail server is temporary down * A pod shares network: Each container in pod can reach each other through `localhost` * Extracting the `smtp relay` image makes sense
- 25. SSO * Single-sign-on to private Docker registries * Single-sign-on to Kubernetes cluster * Google’s IdP? Auth0? Dex?
- 26. VPN connection * VPN to connect Kubernetes’ private network for debugging (like Kontena’s VPN)
- 27. Less painful H/A Etcd/Kubernetes * Typically we have only 2 AZs available in AWS’s Tokyo Region(ap-northeast-1) * In short, there is no way to achieve H/A with a single Kubernetes cluster in Tokyo(We have 1 k8s cluster for each AZ for now) * Ubernetes to rescue?? Does it allow us managing multiple k8s clusters from one place=API endpoint?
- 28. Thanks! Yusuke KUOKA / @mumoshu An Infrastructure Engineer @ ChatWork We’re hiring!