The document discusses the MERN stack, which is a full-stack JavaScript web development approach using MongoDB, Express, React, and Node.js. It provides an overview of each component, how they work together, and the benefits of using the MERN stack, which include developing applications using only JavaScript, increased productivity for developers, and flexibility. The stack allows building dynamic and interactive user interfaces with React, processing requests and building APIs with Express and Node.js, and storing data with MongoDB.