Function class in c++

Jan 28, 2014Download as pptx, pdf

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1. Inline functions are small functions whose code is inserted at the call site instead of generating a function call. This avoids overhead of function calls but increases code size. 2. Function overloading allows different functions to have the same name but different parameters. The compiler determines which version to call based on argument types. 3. C++ classes allow defining data types that bundle together data members and member functions that can access them. Classes support data hiding and inheritance.

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Inline Function
Inline functions are functions where the call is made to
inline functions. The actual code then gets placed in the
calling program.
Once you define an inline function, using the 'inline'
keyword, whenever you call that function the compiler
will replace the function call with the actual code from
the function.
General form
inline datatype function_name(arguments)

Inline Function
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int func(int);
void main( )
{
int x;
cout << "n Enter the Input Value: ";
cin>>x;
cout << "n The Output is: " << func(x);
}
inline int func(int x1)
{
return 5*x1;
}
Note:-Inline functions will save time and are useful if the function is
very small. If the function is large, use of inline functions must be
avoided.

Function Overloading
• Using same function name for different purposes is
called function overloading.
• Function will perform different operations depending
on the argument list in the function call
Ex. int add(int ,int)
int add(int , float)
int add(float ,int)
int add(int ,int,int)

• A function is executed when the function call matches
the prototype with same number and type of
argument.

Function Overloading
• Function selection involves the following steps..
1. Tries to finds the exact match in which types of actual
argument are same.
2. If actual match is not found then compiler uses the
type coercion :promotion to find the match.
3. if conversion is possible to have multiple matches
then compiler will generate the error.
Ex . long sqr(long n)
double sqr(double n)
Function call
sqr(10) cause the error.

C structure revisited
• Provides a method to packing together data of
different type.
Ex struct complex
{
int real;
int img;
};
struct complex c1,c2;
Limitation of c structure:
1. c3=c1+c2 //illegal
2. Data hiding

C++ structure
• C++ supports all the features of the structures as
defined in c.
• C++ structure can have both function and data.
• Support data hiding(by defining members as private).
• Default members are public .

$Class • A class is a user defined data type • General form of class declaration class class_name { private: variable declaration; function declaration; public: variable declaration; function declaration; };$

Class
• function and variable collectively called class
members.
• Variables declared inside the class is known as data
member and function declared inside the class is
known as member function.
• Only the member function can have access to the
private data member and private member function.
• Default members are private.

Class declaration
• Class declaration:class item{
int number; //variable declaration
float price;
public:
void getdata(int ,float); //function declaration
void putdata(void);
};

Defining member function
• Member function can be defined in two places
1. Outside the class definition.
2. Inside the class definition

$Outside the class definition • Genral form :Return_type class_name::function_name(parameter list) { function body; } Ex . void item :: getdata(int x,float y) { number=x; price=y; }$

$Inside the class definition • Genral form :Return_type function_name(parameter list) { function body; } Ex . void getdata(int x,float y) { number=x; price=y; }$

Accessing members of a class
• Accessing data members
object_name.datamember;
• Accessing member function
object_name.function(actual parameters);
item m;
m.getdata(5,6.5)
Note : Members are called by using their name only
inside the member function.

Private Member Function
• A private member function can only be called by another
function that is member of its class even an object can not
invoke the private function of a class using the dot operator.
Class sample {
int main()
int m;
{
void read(void)
sample s1;
public:
s1.read(); //error
void update(void);
s1.update();
};
}
void sample :: update(void)
{
read(); //simple call no object is used
}

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Function class in c++

1. Lec-07 Function,Class

2. Inline Function Inline functions are functions where the call is made to inline functions. The actual code then gets placed in the calling program. Once you define an inline function, using the 'inline' keyword, whenever you call that function the compiler will replace the function call with the actual code from the function. General form inline datatype function_name(arguments)

3. Inline Function #include <iostream> using namespace std; int func(int); void main( ) { int x; cout << "n Enter the Input Value: "; cin>>x; cout << "n The Output is: " << func(x); } inline int func(int x1) { return 5*x1; } Note:-Inline functions will save time and are useful if the function is very small. If the function is large, use of inline functions must be avoided.

4. Function Overloading • Using same function name for different purposes is called function overloading. • Function will perform different operations depending on the argument list in the function call Ex. int add(int ,int) int add(int , float) int add(float ,int) int add(int ,int,int) • A function is executed when the function call matches the prototype with same number and type of argument.

5. Function Overloading • Function selection involves the following steps.. 1. Tries to finds the exact match in which types of actual argument are same. 2. If actual match is not found then compiler uses the type coercion :promotion to find the match. 3. if conversion is possible to have multiple matches then compiler will generate the error. Ex . long sqr(long n) double sqr(double n) Function call sqr(10) cause the error.

6. C structure revisited • Provides a method to packing together data of different type. Ex struct complex { int real; int img; }; struct complex c1,c2; Limitation of c structure: 1. c3=c1+c2 //illegal 2. Data hiding

7. C++ structure • C++ supports all the features of the structures as defined in c. • C++ structure can have both function and data. • Support data hiding(by defining members as private). • Default members are public .

8. Class • A class is a user defined data type • General form of class declaration class class_name { private: variable declaration; function declaration; public: variable declaration; function declaration; };

9. Class • function and variable collectively called class members. • Variables declared inside the class is known as data member and function declared inside the class is known as member function. • Only the member function can have access to the private data member and private member function. • Default members are private.

10. Class declaration • Class declaration:class item{ int number; //variable declaration float price; public: void getdata(int ,float); //function declaration void putdata(void); };

11. Defining member function • Member function can be defined in two places 1. Outside the class definition. 2. Inside the class definition

12. Outside the class definition • Genral form :Return_type class_name::function_name(parameter list) { function body; } Ex . void item :: getdata(int x,float y) { number=x; price=y; }

13. Inside the class definition • Genral form :Return_type function_name(parameter list) { function body; } Ex . void getdata(int x,float y) { number=x; price=y; }

14. Accessing members of a class • Accessing data members object_name.datamember; • Accessing member function object_name.function(actual parameters); item m; m.getdata(5,6.5) Note : Members are called by using their name only inside the member function.

15. Private Member Function • A private member function can only be called by another function that is member of its class even an object can not invoke the private function of a class using the dot operator. Class sample { int main() int m; { void read(void) sample s1; public: s1.read(); //error void update(void); s1.update(); }; } void sample :: update(void) { read(); //simple call no object is used }

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