Functions in C++

Jun 3, 2015Download as PPT, PDF0 likes1,163 views

Nikhil Pandit

this presentation has a brief discussion about the Functions in C++, with respect to the Object oriented point of view.

GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
Department of Computer Engineering
Function in C++

Introduction to Functions
A complex problem is often easier to solve
by dividing it into several smaller parts,
each of which can be solved by itself.
This is called structured programming.
These parts are sometimes made into
functions in C++.
main() then uses these functions to
solve the original problem.

Advantages of Functions
Functions separate the concept (what is
done) from the implementation (how it is
done).
Functions make programs easier to
understand.
Functions can be called several times in
the same program, allowing the code to be
reused.

C++ Functions
C++ allows the use of both internal (user-
defined) and external functions.
External functions (e.g., abs, ceil, rand,
sqrt, etc.) are usually grouped into
specialized libraries (e.g., iostream,
stdlib, math, etc.)

User-Defined Functions
C++ programs usually have the following form:
// include statements
// function prototypes
// main() function
// function definitions

Function Definition
A function definition has the following syntax:
<type> <function name>(<parameter list>){
<local declarations>
<sequence of statements>
}
For example: Definition of a function that computes the
absolute value of an integer:
int absolute(int x){
if (x >= 0) return x;
else return -x;
}

Function Call
A function call has the following syntax:
<function name>(<argument list>)
Example: int distance = absolute(-5);
The result of a function call is a value of type
<type>

Function Definition
The function definition can be placed anywhere
in the program after the function prototypes.
If a function definition is placed in front of
main(), there is no need to include its function
prototype.

$Function of three parameters #include <iostream> using namespace std; double total_second(int, double ,double ); int main() { cout << total_second(1,1.5, 2) << endl; return 0; } double total_second( int hour, double minutes, double second) { return hour*3600 + minutes * 60 + second; }$

Calculating the Area of a Circle
with a Function

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
const float pi=3.14;
float area(float r) //  This is the function for calculating area
{
float ar;
ar=pi*r*r;
return ar;
}
void main()
{
float r,result;
clrscr();
cout<<“nEnter the Radius of Circle: n”;
cin>>r;
result=area(r); //  Function call
cout<<“nArea of Circle: “<<result<<endl;
getch();
}

Header files in C contain function declarations and macros that can be included in C programs using the #include preprocessor directive. Common header files like stdio.h provide input/output functions, conio.h provides console input/output functions, and math.h provides mathematics functions. Other header files provide functions for strings, date/time, memory allocation, and other general utilities. Header files allow code to be reused across programs and abstraction of platform-specific details.

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Functions in C++

1. GANDHINAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department of Computer Engineering Function in C++

2. Introduction to Functions A complex problem is often easier to solve by dividing it into several smaller parts, each of which can be solved by itself. This is called structured programming. These parts are sometimes made into functions in C++. main() then uses these functions to solve the original problem.

3. Advantages of Functions Functions separate the concept (what is done) from the implementation (how it is done). Functions make programs easier to understand. Functions can be called several times in the same program, allowing the code to be reused.

4. C++ Functions C++ allows the use of both internal (user- defined) and external functions. External functions (e.g., abs, ceil, rand, sqrt, etc.) are usually grouped into specialized libraries (e.g., iostream, stdlib, math, etc.)

5. User-Defined Functions C++ programs usually have the following form: // include statements // function prototypes // main() function // function definitions

6. Function Input and Output

7. Function Definition A function definition has the following syntax: <type> <function name>(<parameter list>){ <local declarations> <sequence of statements> } For example: Definition of a function that computes the absolute value of an integer: int absolute(int x){ if (x >= 0) return x; else return -x; }

8. Function Call A function call has the following syntax: <function name>(<argument list>) Example: int distance = absolute(-5); The result of a function call is a value of type <type>

9. Function Definition The function definition can be placed anywhere in the program after the function prototypes. If a function definition is placed in front of main(), there is no need to include its function prototype.

10. Function of three parameters #include <iostream> using namespace std; double total_second(int, double ,double ); int main() { cout << total_second(1,1.5, 2) << endl; return 0; } double total_second( int hour, double minutes, double second) { return hour*3600 + minutes * 60 + second; }

11. Calculating the Area of a Circle with a Function

12. #include<iostream.h> #include<conio.h> const float pi=3.14; float area(float r) //  This is the function for calculating area { float ar; ar=pi*r*r; return ar; } void main() { float r,result; clrscr(); cout<<“nEnter the Radius of Circle: n”; cin>>r; result=area(r); //  Function call cout<<“nArea of Circle: “<<result<<endl; getch(); }

Functions in C++

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