fundamentals_IT_presentation computer peripherals basics
- 2. Computer peripherals Peripherals are devices used to put information into and get information out of a computer. There are two types of peripherals- • Computer Peripherals • Network Peripherals
- 4. • Motherboard • CPU • Memory • Storage • Operating System Computer Architecture
- 5. • A motherboard provides connectivity between the hardware components of a computer, like the processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drive, and video card • Motherboard means specifically a PCB with expansion capabilities • There are multiple types of motherboards, designed to fit different types and sizes of computers CPU
- 6. CPU
- 7. • Consists of ALU & CU • ALU (Arithmetic & Logical operations) ,CU for organizing & processing of data and instruction • CPU executes the stored program instructions • Fabricated on a single IC, known as microprocessor • Registers –Working memory of CPU, High speed Storage Areas • Data for processing is bought in the registers of CPU for processing. • Size of Register -8 ,16,32 or 64 bits • Intel /AMD/ARM CPU
- 8. • CPU
- 9. • Virtualization • This is a process where a CPU splits each of its physical cores into virtual cores, which are known as threads • Instead of giving a large workload to a single core, threaded programs split the work into multiple software threads • These threads are processed in parallel by different CPU cores to save time. • 4 cores CPU can give advantage of 8 cores • To use Hyper-Threading, you’ll also need an operating system (OS) and BIOS that supports hyper-threading technology Hyperthreading
- 10. • Starting a computer • Booting Steps- • Switching on power supply • Loading OS into computer’s main memory • Keeping all application ready • The first program or set of information that run when the computer is switched on is called BIOS (Basic i/p o/p System). • BIOS is a firmware(permanent s/w program in ROM) BIOS
- 11. • Starting a computer • Booting Steps- • Switching on power supply • Loading OS into computer’s main memory • Keeping all application ready • The first program or set of information that run when the computer is switched on is called BIOS (Basic i/p o/p System). • BIOS is a firmware(permanent s/w program in ROM) BIOS
- 12. BIOS
- 13. Primary Memory (Main memory) • (RAM/ROM) • RAM (R&W)/Volatile (SRAM,DRAM) -- Temporary • ROM (PROM,EROM,EEROM)-- Permanent Memory
- 14. Memory
- 15. • Hard drive (HDD) • SSD (solid state drive) • Optical drive • Flash memory Storage
- 20. • The cache memory basically acts as a buffer between the main memory and the CPU • It stores the data and instructions which the CPU uses more frequently Cache Memory
- 21. Process Flow
- 22. • It is a set of programs that controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface between the user and the system Operating System
- 27. Disk Partitions styles Disk partitioning styles: MBR GPT
- 31. Bootable media Tools • Media creation tool • Power ISO • Ventoy • Rufus
- 32. Computer Networks A computer network is defined as the interconnection of two or more computers (or) devices computers on the network communicate and share resources
- 33. A computer network is classified based on: Geographical proximity: • LAN(Local Area Network) • MAN(Metropolitan Area Network) • WAN(Wide Area Network) • PAN(Personal Area Network) Roles host play: • Client – Server Network • Peer to Peer Network Based on Communication Channel: • Wired • Wireless Computer Network :Types
- 34. A client/server network is a system where one or more computers called clients connect to a central computer named a server to share or use resources Client- Server Model
- 35. • Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network is created when two or more PCs ar and share resources without going through a separate server co Peer-to-Peer Network
- 36. • IP • Switch • Router • Modem • ISP • Firewall Components of Computer Networks
- 37. • Wired vs Wireless Communication • Short Range, Mid-range, Wide-range Communication • Mobile, Satellite, GPS Wireless communication devices (mobile, satellite, GPS