G 7 his ch-2 ppt new kings and kingdoms full chapter
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The Chola dynasty emerged as a powerful kingdom in South India between the 7th and 12th centuries: [1] The Cholas originated from the town of Uraiyur but the king Vijayalaya captured the fertile Kaveri delta in the 9th century and established a new capital at Thanjavur. [2] The Chola kingdom reached its peak under kings Rajaraja I and his son Rajendra I in the 10th-11th centuries, with the empire extending over South India and parts of Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia. [3] The Cholas built magnificent temples like Brihadeeswarar Temple at Thanjavur and Gangaikond
G 7 his ch-2 ppt new kings and kingdoms full chapter
- 2. The emergence of new dynasties during the period between the 7th and 12th centuries like, Gurjara-Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas, Palas, Cholas, and Chahamanas. Administration in the new kingdoms. Land grants and different types of land. From warfare for wealth A closer look - the cholas From uraiyur to thanjavur Splendid temples and bronze sculpture The administration of the empire Agriculture and irrigation After the chapter student will have detailed knowledge about :
- 3. CLASS -1 LEARNING OBJECTIVE FOR THIS CLASS EMERGENCE OF NEW DYNASTIES ADMINISTRATION IN THE NEW KINGDOMS DATE: .07.2020 CHAPTER-2: NEW KING AND KINGDOMS
- 4. CLASS -1 EMERGENCE OF NEW DYNASTIES ADMINISTRATION IN THE NEW KINGDOMS CHAPTER-2: NEW KING AND KINGDOMS
- 6. THE EMERGENCE OF NEW DYNASTIES Rich landlords or warrior chiefs became subordinates of kings and were given title of samantas, and were expected to bring gifts for their kings or overlords, had to be present at their courts and would provide them military support.With more power and wealth, samantas became maha- samantas or maha-mandaleshvara, and some of them became free from their overlords. Dantidurga, who was a Rashtrakuta chief, performed hiranya-garbha ritual to became a Kshatriya and then he overthrew his Chalukya overlord. In spite of being Brahmans, Kadamba Mayurasharman and Gurjara-Pratihara Harichandra built their kingdoms in Karnataka and Rajasthan.
- 8. ADMINISTRATION IN THE KINGDOMS Kings shared their administrative power with samantas, Brahmans, traders, and associations of peasants. Peasants, cattle-keepers, artisans, and all those who produced something, had to pay taxes or rents, and traders had to pay revenue. Under the Chola dynasty, there were around 400 different types of taxes, from which vetti (forced labour), and kadamai (land revenue) were the most common. The reasons of collecting taxes were; to fulfil the finance of the king's establishments, to build temples and forts, and to fight wars. The high positions at kingdoms including the army, were appointed either by hereditary or through influential families.
- 9. QUIZ TIME Who were Samanta? Who was Dantidurga? Who all were asked to pay tax? What were the reasons of collecting taxes?
- 12. THE RASHTRAKUTAS
- 14. THE CHAUHANS
- 16. THE CHOLAS
- 18. RECAP
- 19. CLASS -2 LEARNING OBJECTIVE FOR THIS CLASS LAND GRANTS AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF LAND FROM WARFARE FOR WEALTH DATE: .07.2020 CHAPTER-2: NEW KING AND KINGDOMS
- 20. CLASS -2 LAND GRANTS AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF LAND FROM WARFARE FOR WEALTH CHAPTER-2: NEW KING AND KINGDOMS
- 21. PRASHASTIS AND LAND GRANTS ■ The inscriptions of the Cholas in Tamil Nadu refers to more than 400 terms for different kinds of taxes – Most frequently mentioned tax is vetti, taken not in cash but in the form of forced labour – Kadamai – Land revenue – There were taxes on thatching in the house, climbing on ladder to palm trees and a cess on succession to family property
- 22. PRASHASTIS AND LAND GRANTS Prashastis are a special kind of inscription, meaning “in praise of”.They were composed by learned Brahmans in praise of the rulers, which may not be literally true; but, they tell us how rulers of that time wanted to illustrate themselves. If the kings liked the prashastis, they gave land as gift to the Brahmans, with records of it on copper plates. Kalhansa was a famous writer who wrote a long Sanskrit poem (Rajatarangini - "The River of Kings") on kings of Kashmir by using variety of sources, such as inscriptions, documents, eyewitness accounts, and earlier histories. He was usually critical about rulers and their policies
- 24. WARFARE FOR WEALTH ■ Rulers belonging to the Gurjara-Pratihara, Rastrakutas and Pala dynasties fought for control over kanauj- TripartiteStruggle ■ Sultan Mahmud ofGhazni ofAfghanistan ruled from 997 to 1030 extended control over parts ofCentral Asia, Iran and north western of theSubcontinent – He raided the subcontinent almost every year and he targeted mostly wealthy temples like somnath temple ofGujarat – He entrusted a scholarAl-Biruni to write an account of the Subcontinent which is found in the book called Kitab alHind ■ Chahamanas known as Chauhans ruled the region around Delhi and Ajmer, he was restrictedin expansion by theChalukyas ofGujarat and Gahadavalas of westernUP. – Best know – Prithiviraj 3 who defeated Afghan rulerSultan Muhammad Ghori in1191
- 25. QUIZ TIME What are prashastis? Who were the parties involved in the tripartite struggle? Who wrote Kitab-al-Hind? Where is temple of somnath situated?
- 26. CLASS -3 LEARNING OBJECTIVE FOR THIS CLASS A CLOSER LOOK - THE CHOLAS From Uraiyur To Thanjavur Splendid Temples And Bronze Sculpture The Administration Of The Empire Agriculture And Irrigation DATE: .07.2020 CHAPTER-2: NEW KING AND KINGDOMS
- 27. CLASS -3 A CLOSER LOOK - THE CHOLAS From Uraiyur To Thanjavur Splendid Temples And Bronze Sculpture The Administration Of The Empire Agriculture And Irrigation CHAPTER-2: NEW KING AND KINGDOMS
- 28. A CLOSER LOOK - THE CHOLAS From Uraiyur toThanjavur Vijayalaya, one of the Cholas from Uraiyur, captured the Kaveri delta which was under control of the Muttaraiyar (subordinate to the Pallava kings of Kanchipuram), in the middle of 9th century. He built the town of Thanjavur and a temple for goddess Nishumbhasudeni there. His successors extended the empire and included the regions under the Pallavas and the Pandyas too. Rajaraja Chola is considered the greatest Chola ruler and ascended the throne in 985 CE and reorganized the administration.
- 29. FROM URAIYUR TOTHANJAVUR Rajaraja-1 most powerful chola ruler of 985 and his son Rajendra -1 even raided the GangaValley, Srilanka and countries of Southeast Asia, developing a navy for his expeditions Big temples at Thanjavur and Gangai konda cholapuram were built by Raja Raja and Rajendra-1. Chola bronze images were considered the finest in the world
- 32. QUIZ TIME Who built Gangaikondacholpuram? Name the Chola ruler who developed Navy.
- 33. A CLOSER LOOK - THE CHOLAS Splendid Temples and Bronze Sculpture The splendid temples at Thanjavur and Gangaikondal cholapuram built by Rajaraja and Rajendra I are architectural marvels of medieval India. The temples under the Cholas were the nuclie of the villages, the centre of crafts and were well endowed with land from the king and other rich people. The produce of the land helped maintain the people working in the temple such as priest,
- 36. QUIZ TIME What were the activities associated with Chola temples? Why cholas were the nuclie of the villages?
- 37. A CLOSER LOOK - THE CHOLAS The Administration of the Empire Peasant settlements known as ur became prosperous with the advent of artificial irrigation. Groups of such villages formed a group called nadu and with the village council they administered the villages by collecting tax and maintaining justice. Rich peasants of the Vellala dynasty controlled the functioning of the nadus under the watchful eye of the Chola emperor. The Chola kings also gave titles such as muvendavelan (peasant serving three kings) and araiyar (chief) to rich people as marks of respect. Brahmanas were given land grants known as brahmadeya whihc resulted in more and more brahmanas settling in the Kaveri valley. Each brahmadeya was looked after by a sabha or assemble of Brahmana landholders and were highly efficient. Trader association called nagarams also helped in the town administration. Inscription in Uttaramerur in chingleput distric inTamil Nadu shows how sabhas functioned and the committees that looked after irrigation works, gardens, temples, etc. Members of these committees were chosen by lottery.
- 39. QUIZ TIME What were known as ur? What were called nadu? What does araiyar means? What was called sabha?
- 40. A CLOSER LOOK - THE CHOLAS Agriculture and Irrigation The Kaveri breaks into many channels before emptying itself in the Bay of Bengal.These branches were flooded by rains and deposited fertile soil on the banks which in turn helped the agriculture in this region. By the 5th and 6th century large scale cultivation started in the Kaveri valley as forests were cleared and levelled for creating more cultivable land. In the delta region embankments were built to prevent flooding and canals were constructed to carry water to the fields. Artificial irrigation took place with the construction of wells and water tanks.
- 43. AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION ■ Types of land – Vellanvagai : land of non peasant proprietors – Brahmadeya : land gifted to Brahmanas – Shalabhoga: land for the maintenance of a school – Devadana: land gifted to temples – Pallichchhandam: land donated toJainaInstitutions
- 44. QUIZ TIME •Which river flowed in the regions of the Chola dynasty?