Git and Github
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Git is a version control system that allows users to track changes to files over time. It works by taking snapshots of files that are committed, with each commit having a unique hash ID. GitHub is a hosting service for git repositories that provides additional collaboration features on top of git. It allows users to host projects online and collaborate with others through features like pull requests.
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Git and Github
- 1. Git -Akshay
- 2. Overview 1. Install git and create a Github account 2. 3. 4. 5. What is git? How does git work? What is GitHub? Quick example using git and GitHub Github icon
- 3. 1 Install git and a create GitHub account
- 4. Install git • Linux (Debian) - Command: sudo apt-get install git • Linux (Fedora) - Command: sudo yum install git • Mac - http://git-scm.com/download/mac • Windows - http://git-scm.com/download/win
- 5. Create Github account • • www.github.com Free for public repositories
- 6. What is version control? • Asystem that keeps records of your changes Allows for collaborative development Allows you to know who what changes and when • • made • Allows you to revert any changes and go back to a previous state
- 7. 2 What is git?
- 8. What is version control? • Distributed version control Users keep entire code and• history on their location machines • Users can make any changes without internet access • (Except pushing and pulling changes from a remote server)
- 9. What is git? • • Started in 2005 Created by Linus Torvald to aid in Linuxkernel development Git icon
- 10. What is git? • Git isn’t system the only version control • But (we think) it’s the best
- 11. 3 How does git work?
- 12. How does git work? • Can be complicated at first, but there are a few key concepts Important git terminology in following : •
- 13. Key Concepts:Snapshots • The way git keeps track of your history code • Essentially records what all your files look like at a given point in time You decide when to take a snapshot, and of what files Have the ability to go back to visit any snapshot Your snapshots from later on will stay around, too • • •
- 14. Key Concepts: Commit • • The act of creating a snapshot Can be a noun or verb “I commited code” “I just made a new commit” • • • Essentially, a project is made of a bunch of commits up
- 15. Key Concepts: Commit • Commits contain three pieces of information: 1. Information about how the files changed from previously Areference to the commit came before it Called the “parent commit” Ahash code name 2. that • 3. • Will look something like: fb2d2ec5069fc6776c80b3ad6b7cbde3cade4e
- 16. Key Concepts: Repositories • • Often shortened to ‘repo’ Acollection of all the files the history of those files • Consists of all your commits and • Place where all your hard work is stored
- 17. Key Concepts: Repositories • Can live on a local machine or on a remote server (GitHub!) The act of copying a repository from a remote server is called cloning Cloning from a remote server allows teams to work together • •
- 18. Key Concepts: Repositories • The process of downloading commits that don’t exist on your machine from a remote repository is called pulling changes The process of adding your local changes to the remote repository is called pushing changes •
- 19. Key Concepts: Branches • All commits in git live on some branch • But there branches The main can be many, many • branch in a project is called the master branch
- 20. So, what does a typical project look like? • Abunch of commits linked together that live on some branch, contained in a repository
- 21. So, what does a typical project look like? Time going forward
- 22. So, what is HEAD? Time going forward
- 23. So, what is HEAD? • Areference commit to the most recent Time going forward
- 24. So, what is HEAD? • Areference to the commit most recent • (in most cases – not always true!) Time going forward
- 25. So, what is MASTER? • • The main branch in your project Doesn’t have to be called master, but almost always is! Time going forward
- 26. Key Concepts: Branching off of the master branch • The start of a branch points to specific commit When you want to make any changes to your project you make a new branch based on commit a • a
- 27. Key Concepts: branch Branching off of the master Time going forward
- 28. aster Key Concepts: Merging • Once you’re done with your feature, you merge it back into Time going forward
- 29. Key Concepts: How do you make a commit anyway? • There are a lot of ‘states’ and ‘places’ a file can be Local on your computer: the ‘working directory’ When a file is ready to be put in a commit you add it onto the ‘index’ or ‘staging’ • • • Staging is the new preferred term – but you can see both ‘index’and ‘staging’ being used
- 30. Key Concepts: How do you make anyway? a commit • The process: • • Make some changes to a file Use the ‘git add’ command to put the file onto the staging environment Use the ‘git commit’ command to create a new commit’ •
- 31. Key Concepts: anyway? How do you make a commit Time going forward
- 32. Key Concepts: anyway? How do you make a commit Time going forward
- 33. 4 What is GitHub?
- 34. What is GitHub? • www.github.com • Largest web-based hosting service git repository • Aka, hosts ‘remote repositories’ • Allows for code collaboration with anyone online Adds extra functionality on top of git• • UI, documentation, bug tracking, feature requests, pull requests, and more! Octocat!
- 35. What is GitHub? • • Founded in 2008 Also has an Enterprise for businesses edition Octocat!
- 37. Additional Resources • Official git site and tutorial: https://git-scm.com/ GitHub guides: https://guides.github.com/ Command cheatsheet: https://training.github.com/kit/ downloads/github-git-cheat-sheet.pdf Interactive git tutorial: https://try.github.io/levels/1/challenges/1 Visual/interactive cheatsheet: http://ndpsoftware.com/git-cheatsheet.html • • • •