GraphQL Fundamentals

Jan 25, 20211 like336 views

This document is a presentation on GraphQL fundamentals. It was created by Virbhadra S. Ankalkote from BORN Group. The presentation covers what GraphQL is, who created it, why it was created, and how it works. It defines GraphQL as a query language for APIs that fulfills queries with existing data. It notes that Facebook developed GraphQL in 2012 for their native mobile app. In comparison to REST APIs, GraphQL allows clients to get precisely the data they need in one request. The presentation explains the GraphQL specification and includes sections on reading and writing data, using variables and fragments, and limitations such as indefinite querying depth.

© 2021 GraphQL, Inc. Page | 1
GraphQL Fundamentals

© 2021 GraphQL.
.
Page | 2
Senior Software Engineer at BORN Group
Virbhadra S. Ankalkote

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Agenda
{
graphql:{
what
who
why
how
}
}

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“GraphQL is a query language
for APIs, and a runtime for
fulﬁlling those queries with
existing data ”

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“In 2012, Facebook develop the
GraphQL technology for their
native mobile app”
.

© 2021 GraphQL Page | 9
.
2012 2015 2017..2018...2020
Development Started Open Source Evolving Specification.
Timeline

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Application Programming Interface (API)

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Principles of REST API Design

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GraphQL Playground

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Writing Data ( Mutation )

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GraphQL Variables

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• In GraphQL, you can use variables to reuse the same query/mutations written by
the client, with different arguments.
• When we start working with variables, we need to do three things:
– Replace the static value in the query with $variableName
– Declare $variableName as one of the variables accepted by the query
– Pass variableName: value in the separate, transport-speciﬁc (usually JSON)
variables dictionary

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GraphQL Fragments

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• A GraphQL fragment is a piece of logic that a client can share between multiple
queries and mutations.
• In GraphQL, you often need to query for the same data ﬁelds in different queries.
• By reusing this code, we can be more efﬁcient with our time and reuse these piece
of queries

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Pain Points of GraphQL

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Almost impossible to solve
● Query In Indeﬁnite Depth
– GraphQL cannot query in indeﬁnite depth, so if you have a tree and want to
return a branch without knowing the depth, you’ll have to do some
pagination
● Speciﬁc Response Structure
– In GraphQL the response matches the shape of the query, so if you need to
respond in a very speciﬁc structure, you'll have to add a transformation layer
to reshape the response.

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Hard to solve
● Cache at Network Level
– Because of the commonly way GraphQL is used over HTTP (A POST in a
single endpoint), cache at network level becomes hard. A way to solve it is to
use Persisted Queries.
● Handling File Upload
– There is nothing about ﬁle upload in the GraphQL speciﬁcation and
mutations doesn’t accept ﬁles in the arguments. To solve it you can upload
ﬁles using other kind of APIs (like REST) and pass the URL of the uploaded ﬁle
to the GraphQL mutation, or inject the ﬁle in the execution context, so you’ll
have the ﬁle inside the resolver functions.

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GraphQL Fundamentals

37. © 2021 GraphQL Page | 37 • In GraphQL, you can use variables to reuse the same query/mutations written by the client, with different arguments. • When we start working with variables, we need to do three things: – Replace the static value in the query with $variableName – Declare $variableName as one of the variables accepted by the query – Pass variableName: value in the separate, transport-speciﬁc (usually JSON) variables dictionary

39. © 2021 GraphQL Page | 39 • A GraphQL fragment is a piece of logic that a client can share between multiple queries and mutations. • In GraphQL, you often need to query for the same data ﬁelds in different queries. • By reusing this code, we can be more efﬁcient with our time and reuse these piece of queries

42. © 2021 GraphQL Page | 42 Almost impossible to solve ● Query In Indefinite Depth – GraphQL cannot query in indefinite depth, so if you have a tree and want to return a branch without knowing the depth, you’ll have to do some pagination ● Specific Response Structure – In GraphQL the response matches the shape of the query, so if you need to respond in a very specific structure, you'll have to add a transformation layer to reshape the response.

43. © 2021 GraphQL Page | 43 Hard to solve ● Cache at Network Level – Because of the commonly way GraphQL is used over HTTP (A POST in a single endpoint), cache at network level becomes hard. A way to solve it is to use Persisted Queries. ● Handling File Upload – There is nothing about file upload in the GraphQL specification and mutations doesn’t accept files in the arguments. To solve it you can upload files using other kind of APIs (like REST) and pass the URL of the uploaded file to the GraphQL mutation, or inject the file in the execution context, so you’ll have the file inside the resolver functions.

GraphQL Fundamentals

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