Greenhouse effect and global warming
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The document discusses the greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases, global warming, and the effects and control measures of global warming. It explains that the greenhouse effect occurs when gases like carbon dioxide and methane trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the surface temperature to be warmer than it would be otherwise. It also notes that human activities like burning fossil fuels have enhanced the natural greenhouse effect, leading to global warming. The effects of global warming include changes in agriculture/forests, extreme weather, water issues, and health impacts. Control measures proposed include reducing deforestation, planting trees, sustainable practices, renewable energy, and limiting population growth.
Greenhouse effect and global warming
- 1. Greenhouse effect & Global warming Ravi Kumar GARRE
- 2. Contents covered • Greenhouse effect • Greenhouse gases • Global warming • Effects of global warming • Control measures to global warming
- 5. Greenhouse effect • The word greenhouse effect holds two meanings. • One is the natural greenhouse effect which keeps our earth’s climate normal and comfortable. • Second one is a manmade greenhouse effect which is an enhancement of natural greenhouse effect. • Made from burning fossil fuels and natural gas.
- 6. Greenhouse effect • Greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from planet’s atmosphere warms the planet’s surface to a temperature above what it would be without this atmosphere. • Greenhouse effect is the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
- 7. Greenhouse effect • Earth receives energy from sun in the form of UV, visible and near infrared radiation. About 26% of the incoming energy is reflected to space by atmosphere. • Most of the remaining energy is absorbed at the surface of the earth and radiated into atmosphere. • Few gases in atmosphere are active in radiating energy. These gases radiate energy in all directions. • Part of this radiation is directed towards the earth’s surface and warming it. This phenomenon is called as greenhouse effect.
- 8. Greenhouse gases • Carbon dioxide • Methane • Nitrous oxide • Chlorofluorocarbons • Ozone
- 9. Greenhouse gases Carbon dioxide • Sources – fossil fuel burning, deforestation and plant burning. • Average time in troposphere – 50 to 120 years. • Approximately 18 billion tons of carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere every year. • It is raising at a rate of 0.5% per year.
- 10. Greenhouse gases Methane • The sources – coal mines, burning of coal, land fills, gas leaks from oil, oil production, decay of organic matter under anaerobic conditions. • Average time in troposphere – 10 to 12 years. • Can cause greenhouse effect 23 times greater than that of carbon dioxide.
- 11. Greenhouse gases Nitrous oxide • Sources – fossil fuel burning, fertilizers, live stock wastes and nylon production. • Average time in troposphere – 114 to 120 years. • Can cause greenhouse effect 296 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. • It is raising at rate of 0.3% per year.
- 12. Greenhouse gases Chlorofluorocarbons • Sources – A.C.s, refrigerators, plastic foams, etc. • Average time in troposphere – 11 to 120 years. • It can cause greenhouse effect 900 to 8300 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. • Hydro chlorofluorocarbons can be in troposphere around 9 to 390 years. They can cause greenhouse effect 700 to 2000 times greater than that of carbon dioxide.
- 13. Global warming • The increase of atmospheric temperature near earth’s surface as a result of greenhouse effect is called as global warming. • The reasons for global warming are: Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in atmosphere. Rise in population and urbanization Industrialization Deforestation Burning of vegetation and other organic materials Use of inorganic fertilizers which release nitrous oxide into atmosphere
- 14. Global warming
- 15. Effects of global warming • Shows various effects on agricultural fields and decrease the yield of agriculture. • Changes in forest types and their behaviour, increase in frequency of forest fires and loss of wild life. • Extreme changes in climate and increase heat waves and droughts. • Causes heavy rainfall in some areas and heavy droughts in some areas.
- 16. Effects of global warming
- 17. Effects of global warming • Decreases availability of water resources and decline in water quality. • disruption of eco-system, loss bio-diversity, changes in species pattern and genetic disorders on large scale. • Health/ mental disturbances, respiratory diseases, allergies, water pollution, increase in death rate, etc. • Effects nutrient cycles i.e. carbon cycle, sulphur cycle, phosphorous cycle and nitrogen cycle in water and atmosphere.
- 18. Effects of global warming
- 19. Control measure to global warming • Reduce deforestation • planting more trees • Developing a way to sustainable agriculture • Sequester carbon dioxide in deep oceans • Drastic reduction in consumption of fossil fuels especially coal • Increased dependence on renewable energy sources • Limit human population to urban areas • Following environmentally compatible life style
- 20. Thank you