Guide to Writing Project Report for Library & Information Science (LIS) Students

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GUIDE TO WRITING PROJECT REPORT
FOR LIBRARY & INFORMATION SCIENCE
(LIS) STUDENTS
DR. SANTOSH KUMAR TUNGA
Associate Librarian & IQAC Coordinator
RBC Evening College, Naihati, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal
Email: tungask@gmail.com
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5534-4861

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Outline of Topic Writing Project Report
 Project Proposal- Proposal Formulation, Bio-date of the
Guide, Elements of Proposed Project Proposal, Proposal
Submission & Approval, Communication of Approval.
 Writng Project Report – Elements of Project Report, Project
Report Writing
GUIDE TO WRITING PROJECT REPORT FOR LIS STUDENTS Presented by DR. SANTOSH
KUMAR TUNGA

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MLIS PROJECT/DISSERTATION
PROPOSAL
KUMAR TUNGA

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Proposal Formulation
 i) Proper Project Proposal Proforma duly signed by the LIS
Student and the Project Guide with dates.
 ii) Bio-data of the Guide- A detailed biodata of the Guide
(duly signed, in original, by the guide along with date).
KUMAR TUNGA

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The Bio-data of the Guide
 a) Name and Date of Birth of the Guide.
 b) Full Address and contact numbers of residence and work
place.
 c) Detailed Educational Qualifications – clearly mentioning
the Degrees (with specialisation), name and address of the
University/Institution and the year of award of
degree/qualification, along with percentage of marks
obtained.
KUMAR TUNGA

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The Bio-data of the Guide cont…
 d) Detailed Work Experience, stated clearly in
chronological order having details of the designation,
period, name and contactable address of the
organisations.
KUMAR TUNGA

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GUIDE TO WRITING PROJECT REPORT FOR LIS STUDENTS Presented by DR. SANTOSH KUMAR TUNGA 7
Elements of Proposal of the proposed
Project
1. INTRODUCTION
 Background of the Proposed Study
 A clear Statement of the Problem to be examined
 Purpose of the study
 Research Questions to be raised
 Objectives of the Proposed Study
 Hypothesis of the Proposed Study
 Scope & Significance of the Proposed Study
2. Literature review
3. Research Methodology

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Elements of Proposal of the proposed Project
Research Methodology
 Research Design
 Nature and source of data/information to be collected.
 Sample and sampling technique. Rationale of chosen
organisation and the sample.
 The kind of data/information to be used (Primary or Secondary)
Tools and Techniques to be used for data collection – details of
the tools/questionnaire to be used and its relevance with the
objectives of the project.

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Elements of Proposal of the proposed Project
Research Methodology
 Method/s to be used for data collection.
 Data handling and analysis- organization and analysis of data.
Statistical tools to be used for analysis. Relevance of statistical
tools with the objectives of the project.

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Element s of Proposal of Proposed
Project
4. Expected Outcomes
5. Limitation of the proposed project, if any.
6. Future direction for further research (optional).
7. References /Bibliography
8. Any other relevant detail which will help better
appreciation and understanding of the project proposal.
KUMAR TUNGA

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Important points
 In case the proposed guide is not approved by the Faculty,
the student shall be advised so, and in such cases the student
will change the guide and submit the project proposal afresh
with the signature of the new guide, as it will be considered
as a new proposal.
 At any given point of time a guide is not permitted to guide
more than five students.

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Important points cont...
 Similarly, if a student wants to change his/her guide for
any reason, s/he would be required to submit the project
proposal along with the signature of the new guide on a
new project proposal proforma, as it would be considered
as a new proposal.

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Project Proposal Submission and
Approval
 After selection of the guide and finalizing the topic, LIS student
should send the Project Proposal Proforma along with one copy
of the proposal and Bio-data of the guide to The Coordinator
(Projects), School of Social Science for approval.
 Proposals incomplete in any respect will not be accepted.
Students are advised to retain a copy of the proposal. Proposals
not accompanying a complete and signed Bio-Data of guide will
not be considered

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Communication of Approval
 A written communication regarding the approval/non-
approval of the project proposal will be sent to the LIS
student within specific period of the receipt of the
proposal in the School.

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Resubmission of Project Proposal
 In case of non-approval of the proposal the
comments/suggestions for reformulating the project proposal
will be communicated to the student. In such case, the
revised project proposal should be submitted along with fresh
project proposal proforma and a copy of the rejected
proposal and project proposal proforma bearing the
comments of the evaluator and P.P. No. (Project Proposal
Number) allotted by the School of Social Science.

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GENERAL INFORMATION OF MLIS
PROJECT/DISSERTATION REPORT

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PROJECT REPORT
 The Project Report’s length should be between 80 and 120
double-spaced written pages and should not exceed 20,000
words (excluding appendices and exhibits).
 The report should be written on A4-size paper and bound.
 The IGNOU MLIS Project/Dissertation work should be conducted
in English.
 Pages should be numbered in increasing order at the bottom-
center.
 • Spiral-bind the finished dissertation and the accepted
dissertation proposal between light/thin plastic sheets.

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GENERAL INFORMATION OF MLIS PROJECT
REPORT
 The content is divided into chapters (which are frequently
three or four in length and include an Introduction and
Conclusion), bibliographic references, and, if necessary,
appendices. Each chapter, bibliography, and appendix should
begin on a separate page; however, sections contained inside
key headers may remain on the same page.
 The dissertation’s main text should be sequentially numbered.
 The bibliography should include a list of all books cited in the
chapters, as well as any other pertinent sources used
throughout the dissertation’s development.

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PROJECT REPORT
 Tables will be numbered properly (e.g., Chapter I will
have Tables 1.1, 1.2, and so on; Chapter 2 will have Tables
2.1, 2.2, and so on). The table number will be followed by
a table title that should be as brief as possible while
summarizing the contents of the table effectively.

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Qualifications of Supervisor/Guide
 Ph.D in Library and Information Science. Or
 Master's Degree in Library and Information Science with two
years experience in a library or information centre and in a
lecturers' grade or its equivalent.
 A student may choose his/her supervisor according to
his/her choice. The proposal should be accompanied by a
bio-data of the supervisor, duly signed by him/her.
 A Supervisor/Guide can supervise upto a maximum of 5
students.

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ELEMENTS OF
MLIS PROJECT REPORT

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PROJECT REPORT
 Cover Page: The dissertation’s cover page should include
the title of the dissertation, the student’s name and
enrollment number, the academic supervisor’s name, the
degree programme for which the dissertation was written,
the university’s name, and the month and year of
submission.
 Title Page: The title page should have the same
information as the cover page, as well as the following
statement: “This dissertation is presented in partial
fulfillment of the criteria for the University’s Master of
Library & Information Sciences degree” (month and year).

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PROJECT REPORT
 Page of Approval: Approved Proposal (i.e., Project Proposal,
approved proforma and bio-data of the guide) properly bound
in the project and not just stapled. Please note that project
with stapled Proposal will not be accepted.
 Certificate of originality- duly signed by the student and the
guide with dates. A letter from the candidate’s Academic
Supervisor attesting to the dissertation’s originality
 Page of Acknowledgement: You may like to express your
gratitude for any assistance received during the dissertation
writing process.

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Project Report cont…
 Abstract of the Project Report
 Table of Content: Detailed table of contents with page
nos. All pages of the Project Report must be numbered as
reflected in the table of contents.
 List of Tables
 List of Figures
 List of Symbols & Abbreviations

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Project Report Cont…
 Introduction to the Project along with background of the
study, details of the organization/s under study, Statement of
problems and purpose of the study.
 Research Questions: The research questions should aim to
investigate the problem identified. A few examples of research
questions have already been given above. The questions can be
in ‘whether, what, why and how’ form.
 Objectives of the Project: Objectives of the project study
should be as per the requirements of your research questions.
Keep in mind that the statement of your objectives determine
the data/information to be gathered, and the analysis
techniques to be applied.

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 Hypothesis of the Study: Keep in mind that it is not
necessary to formulate the hypothesis in the project
proposal. Hypothesis is a tentative proposition of
explanation in terms of cause and effect relationship
between two or more variables. In the studies which are
exploratory or descriptive in nature, formulation of
hypothesis need to be avoided.
 Scope of the study
 Literature of the Study

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 Research Methodology:
 Research Design
 Nature and Source of data/information collected
 Sample and Sampling method with rationale
 Details of the tools:
 The Questionnaire and other methods used and their
purpose
 Reliability and Validity of the tools used
 Administration of tools and techniques

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 Data collection
 Data Handling, Statistical tools used for Data
Analysis
 Data Interpretation and Findings
 Major Findings
 Suggestion & Recommendations
 Summary and Conclusion

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 Limitations of the Project
 Direction for further research (optional)
 Reference/Bibliography
 Annexures/Appendices (Questionnaire used
etc.)

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TITLE OF THE PROJECT

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Title of the Project
 Title of the Project should appear on the first of the text.
 Title should be concise, simple, attractive and accurately
reflects the present study.
 Title should be a brief phrase describing the contents of
the project.
 Sometimes it is made up of two parts, the title and a sub-
title, separated by a colon (:).

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Title of the Project cont…
 Title describes in a logical, rigorous, brief and grammatically
sound way.
 Avoid Acronyms that are known only to specialized community.
 Examples:
 (1) Libraries in COVID-19 Pandemic Scenario: Issues and
challenges
 (2) Issues & Challenges of Libraries in COVID-19 pandemic
Scenario
 (3) Reengineering of Libraries in COVID-19 Pandemic Scenario:
Issues & Challenges

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ABSTRACT OF THE PROJECT

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Elements of Abstract
Abstract must convey distinct the following sub-headings in
any paper:
 Aims, Purpose and scope,
 Design/Methodology,
 Results/Findings,
 Originality/Value: This study is valuable for assessing the
research productivity of India in LIS.

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Elements of Abstract cont…

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Elements of Abstract cont…
 Abstract should be written in simple, concise, informative
and effective, but complete sentences & get to the point
quickly.
 Active verbs and the third person should be used, and
abstract should be written in the past tense.
 Maximum length should be 200-250 words, usually in a single
paragraph.
 It must be intelligible on its own without reference
 Abstract should be comprehensive to readers before they
read the paper.

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INTRODUCTION

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Introduction
 Start ‘Introduction’ with a general background of the
topic.
 ‘Introduction’ should provide a clear statement of the
problem, nature of problem addressed in the paper, and
the proposed approach or solution.
 The essence of the state of the art in the domain of the
paper (with bibliographic references)
 Point out issues that are being addressed in the present
work.
 It should be understandable to all subject communities.

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Introduction cont…
 Begin with the broadest scope and get progressively narrower
(General to specific), leading steadily to the statement of
main purposes/objectives in the last sentence or paragraph of
the introduction
 The aim of the paper and its relevance are to push forward in
this section.
 The structure of the paper should describe briefly its
successive sections.

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Review of Literature

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Review of Literature
 A Literature Review is a survey of published scholarly sources
on a specific topic.
 It provides a overview of current knowledge, allowing you to
identify relevant theories, formulae, research methods, and
gaps in the existing research.
 Review of Literature should provide the review of relevant
literature on the subject.
 Literature review seeks to describe, summarize, evaluate,
clarify and /or integrate the content of relevant topic.

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Literature Review Process
 Require knowledge of the use and access of Databases, Lib.
Catalogues, Journal’s webPages, Publisher’s WebPages, I&A
tools, etc.
 Bibliographic searches –Database, Lib Cat, etc
 Survey to identify the relevant literature
 Ability for learning to describe, evaluate, critique and relate
each source to the subject of inquiry
 Present the organized review logically
 Cite correctly all sources of literature mentioned in literature
review.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
OR
MATERIALS & METHODS

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Materials and Methods
 Research method adopted
 Research tools/Research technique/data collection
tool/data collection method
 Sampling technique(s)
 Number of samples drawn
 Statistical test(s) and formulae used in the study.

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Materials and Methods
 Only truly new procedures should be described in details.
 Previously published procedures should be cited, and
important modifications of published procedures should be
mentioned briefly.
 Subheadings should be used, e.g. Sources of data, Literature
analysis, Research design, Design worksheet, Selection of
population and sample, Data collection method, and Data
analysis method, etc.

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DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
RESULTS & DISCUSSION

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Data Analysis & Interpretation
 Results should be presented with clarity and precision.
 It should be explained, but largely without referring to the
literature.
 Discussion, speculation and detailed interpretation of data
should not be included in the ‘Results Section’ but should
be put into the ‘Discussion Section’.

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Data Analysis & Interpretation cont…
 In most journals the ‘Result Section’ is separate from the
‘Discussion Section’ and so also ‘Conclusion Section’.
 It is important that you clearly distinguish your results
from your discussion.
 The ‘Result Section’ should describe the results only. The
‘Discussion Section’ should put those results into a broader
context.

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Discussion Section
 Discussion should interpret the findings in view of the
results obtained in present study and in past studies on
this topic.
 Discuss how your data compare or contrast with previous
results.
 Citing every argument with a published work.
 This section establishes the relation between present
results and other previous results.

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Discussion cont…
 Results and Discussion sections can include subheadings,
and when appropriate, both sections can be combined.
 Avoid excessive presentation of data/results without any
discussion.

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CONCLUSION

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Conclusion
 Do not rewrite the abstract
 State the conclusions in a few sentences at the end of the
paper.
 A summary of what you have achieved with the work you
describe in the paper, stressing its novelty and relevance.
 Include major findings followed by brief discussion on
future perspectives and /or application of present work to
other disciplines.

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Conclusion cont…
 A description of possible applications and implications of
the results presented in the paper.
 An assessment of the advantages and limitations of the
proposals you have presented in the paper.
 Recommendations/suggestions for future work/ research.

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Acknowledgement

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Acknowledgement
 It is common professional courtesy.
 Acknowledgement of people, grants, funds, etc. should be
brief.
 Remember to thank the funding agency and
colleagues/scientists/technicians who might have
provided assistance.
 This section is used to recognize and thank those
individuals and organizations whose contributions to the
work presented should be acknowledged.

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Acknowledgement cont…
 The list in this section is limited only to those with
significant intellectual assistance and technical help
(including with writing and editing).
 People who contributed to the work but do not fit criteria
for authorship should be listed in the Acknowledgments,
along with their contributions.
 It is advised that authors ensure that anyone named in the
acknowledgments agrees to being so named.

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REFERENCES

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References
 The references correspond to the list of scholarly sources like
papers, book chapters, books, and other bibliographic elements
that have been referenced throughout the paper.
 Follow standard reference style
APA (American Psychological Association)
(https://www.apa.org)
MLA (Modern Language Association)
(https://www.mla.org)
Chicago Manual of Style
(http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html)

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References cont…
 But you must use the reference guidelines/Instructions to
Authors of the journal or conference where you intend to
publish.
 Citations are complete and accurate.
 Please check for the accuracy of all used citations.

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Appendix or Appendices

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Appendix or Appendices
 It should include Raw data, Maps, Extra photographs, used
questionnaire for data collection etc.
 Some examples of material that might be put in an appendix.
 Explanation of formulae, either already known ones, or
especially if you have ‘invented’ some.

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Check your Project before Final
Submission

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Check your Project before Final Submission
 Proof read your own project
 Spelling/grammar correction
 Avoid unintended typo-errors
 Cross-check Tables and also Figures with caption numbers
and descriptions
 Cross-verify mathematical & statistical formulae and
present results
 Better show the draft to fresh pair of eyes

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Common reasons for the MLIS Project’s rejection
 Lack of originality or significant plagiarism.
 Poorly defined research objectives.
 Inadequate literature review.
 Flawed research methodology or data analysis.
 Failure to adhere to formatting and submission guidelines.
 Insufficient depth or clarity in the project report.

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Acknowledgement
 I would like express my sincere thanks to Authors of
various Internet sources used to prepare this
presentation
 Wherever possible the links have been provided.
However any omission is duly regretted

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REFERENCES
 http://www.ignou.ac.in/userfiles/MECP-101%20_4_%20PDF.p
df
 https://www.social-science-research.com/
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325273193_GUIDE_
TO_WRITING_A_PROJECT_WORK
GUIDE TO WRITING PROJECT REPORT FOR LIS STUDENTS Presented by DR.
SANTOSH KUMAR TUNGA

09/09/2024 67
THANK YOU
Further information about “Guide to
Writing Project Report in LIS Field” feel
free contact me at
tungask@gmail.com
GUIDE TO WRITING PROJECT REPORT FOR LIS STUDENTS Presented by DR.
SANTOSH KUMAR TUNGA

Guide to Writing Project Report for Library & Information Science (LIS) Students

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