Hadoop made fast - Why Virtual Reality Needed Stream Processing to Survive
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1. A streaming platform like Kafka can provide the benefits of Hadoop for batch processing but in a faster, real-time way by processing data as it arrives rather than storing all data. 2. Virtual reality applications require stream processing to power features like VR mirroring and capture in real-time. Kafka's stream processing capabilities address challenges like this for VR. 3. The document discusses how AltspaceVR uses Kafka stream processing for applications like VR mirroring and capture, presence tracking, scheduled tasks, and more to power their real-time VR experiences.
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Keep consistent topic naming
Kafka Stream jobs involve a lot of source + intermediate topics
We prefer:
[<data source>|<job application id>]-<avro record type>[_<specifier>]-<partition key>
Ex:
oltp_db-user-user_id
job_playbacks-photon_instantiations-game_stream_id](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hadoopmadefast-whyvirtualrealityneededstreamprocessingtosurvive-170810212554/85/Hadoop-made-fast-Why-Virtual-Reality-Needed-Stream-Processing-to-Survive-44-320.jpg)
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Hadoop made fast - Why Virtual Reality Needed Stream Processing to Survive
- 1. 1 Hadoop Made Fast Why Virtual Reality Needed Stream Processing to Survive Greg Fodor, Co-founder, AltspaceVR Gehrig Kunz, Technical Product Marketing, Confluent
- 2. 2Confidential Streaming in Action Series You are here! August 16th Pandora Plays Nicely Everywhere with Real-Time Data Pipelines Watch on Confluent.io
- 3. 3 A look at today A Streaming Platform is Hadoop Made Fast ● Hadoop was a good idea, it has its flaws ● How a streaming platform can look like Hadoop ● Companies are using a streaming platform Stream Processing with Kafka for Virtual Reality ● An example of Kafka with VR ● Challenges VR has that require stream processing ● Examples where it helps ● Why stream processing with Kafka makes sense
- 5. 5 Good idea, Hadoop is ● Get all the datas ● Perform analysis, explore data ● Perfect for understanding your business
- 6. 6 But today is different Star Wars is good, again. And the apps we build require constant data.
- 7. 7 Bringing it to today Get all the datas Process data as it arrives Power your business git commit -m “Today you want to” With Hadoop you wanted to Get all the datas Explore historical data Understanding your business
- 8. 8 What this looks like in practice
- 9. 9 What this looks like in practice Ingest a stream of data. Process and act on it as it arrives. Power your business. 1 2 3
- 10. 10 Kafka’s Streams API ● Kafka’s Streams API: A lightweight library for performing stream processing • Aggregations, Sessions, Windowing, Joins, et al ● Build apps, not clusters Client Server Runs outside Kafka brokers!
- 11. 11 Build scalable, fault-tolerant apps Client Server
- 12. 12 Build today’s apps quicker
- 13. 13 Kafka, stream processing for developers Deploy apps – not clusters – that are: ● Real-time ● Elastic ● Fault-tolerant ● Teams can be more efficient ● Provide a better, new experience to users
- 14. 14 Kafka, stream processing for developers Deploy apps – not clusters – that are: ● Real-time ● Elastic ● Fault-tolerant ● Teams can be more efficient ● Provide a better, new experience to users Virtual reality, anyone? Psst, Greg.
- 15. 15 The best shared VR platform https://altvr.com/kafka
- 17. 17 VR Mirroring + Capture https://altvr.com/kafka
- 19. 19 “Real” Reggie “VIP” Room “Mirrored” Reggies Room 1 Room 2 Room 3 Room 4 https://altvr.com/kafka
- 20. 20 Use cases for capture/replay
- 21. 21
- 23. 23
- 24. 24
- 26. 26 Kafka’s Streams API Stream processing: it’s not just for analytics!
- 27. 27 Kafka’s Streams API • Independent capacity • Arbitrary transformations • Flexible and simple ops
- 28. 28 Kafka’s Streams API • Build cohesive, re-usable topologies • Design for extensibility • Apply patterns + avoid pitfalls
- 29. 29 Job #1: Game Streams
- 30. 30 Game Streams Create a logical stream across Photon servers • Real-time netdata transformation • Routing between Photon servers • Stateful, due to Photon protocol
- 31. 31 “Mirror User A to room R2”
- 32. 32 6 months later: “Capture User A”
- 34. 34 Playbacks Replays captured data • Load capture data (Kafka/S3) • Timed emission • Checkpointing, looping, filtering
- 35. 35 “Playback capture to room R2”
- 36. 36 “Mirror User A to room R2”
- 37. 37 Kafka’s Streams API • Build cohesive, re-usable topologies • Design for extendibility • Apply patterns + avoid pitfalls GameStreams job allows: • User capture/mirroring • Interactable object capture/mirroring • VoIP, avatar transforms, VR emojis payloads • Entire room capture/mirroring
- 38. 38 Kafka’s Streams API • Build cohesive, re-usable topologies • Design for extendibility • Apply patterns + avoid pitfalls GameStreams job allows: • Design names, record types generically • Build in mechanisms for parameterization + control • Use avro and schema registry • Job code is not throwaway! Build accordingly
- 41. 41 Config KTables • Drive job behavior via OLTP state • In our case, users interact with Rails API to control mirroring + captures
- 43. 43 Prefer declarative OLTP table state Database tables state should describe “how the world should be” not “steps to perform” Job’s duty is to make the world look like the one desired “A stream should exist from playback A to room B” not “Right now, create a stream from playback A to room B” Straightforward to test + verify: does desired world match up with reality? Easier to reason about in failure cases
- 44. 44 Keep consistent topic naming Kafka Stream jobs involve a lot of source + intermediate topics We prefer: [<data source>|<job application id>]-<avro record type>[_<specifier>]-<partition key> Ex: oltp_db-user-user_id job_playbacks-photon_instantiations-game_stream_id
- 45. 45 RocksDB range scans Did you know that RocksDB stores keys lexicographically sorted? Kafka Streams exposes range() queries on persistent state stores!
- 46. 46 Example: Scheduled tasks Keys in “tasks” topic are a composite key of <timestamp, id> Allows range queries for upcoming tasks (local to partition, obviously)
- 47. 47 Dark staging jobs Eventually you will need to deploy a staging version of a job into prod for integration testing while known-good version is serving users. Ensure you bake in the necessary degree of freedom! (Duplicate topics, application ids, etc.)
- 49. 49 KTable rematerialization Cold nodes read *entire* KTable transaction log for each KTable on startup. (Of course!) Not something you’re likely to experience except during a failure. You could be in for a surprise! Easy to force a rematerialization to test: stop job, remove state dir from job work directory, restart. (But you should probably check your xlog topic sizes first) In our case, AWS EBS I/O throttling caused us to be unable to bring a fresh node up! Ensure topic xlog doesn’t grow unbounded: - Ensure you delete dead keys explicitly and have proper compaction policies set on xlog topics - Or, use set up topic rentention policies if data can be purged after time duration
- 50. 50 Reset switches + flushing Sometimes KTables topics or entries need to be forcibly rematerialized/flushed/read from beginning. For example: KTable topic exists before first job run. Or, something broke. Handy to build in mechanisms to: - Reset consumer offsets to zero - For OLTP/Connect-backed KTable data, force a no-op update to database record(s) to flush - In Rails, ActiveRecord#flush May be less necessary in newer versions of Kafka Streams (ex due to KAFKA-4114 + bugfixes) Handy topic consumer group offset resetter routine, pass in job Properties: https://gist.github.com/gfodor/a4f5e4721e959766e75e4c901bf42890
- 51. 51 Streaming for VR Kafka Streams has been amazing for us. Shown so far, we have jobs for: • VR Mirror/Capture/Playback • Presence • Scheduled tasks We are also using it for: • Real time game telemetry ET • VR Capture archival to S3 • Real-time push messaging
- 52. 52 From batch to real-time ● Provides similar concepts to Hadoop ● Streaming platform is right for today’s applications ○ Distributed storage, Stream processing, Publish/Subscribe model
- 53. 53 A streaming platform can be ‘Hadoop Made Fast’ ● Use Kafka as a ‘source of truth’ ● Process data as it arrives ● Power real-time experiences (like VR)
- 54. 54Confidential Streaming in Action Series You are here August 16th Pandora Plays Nicely Everywhere with Real-Time Data Pipelines Watch on Confluent.io
- 55. 55Confidential Download Confluent Open Source Join the Confluent Slack community Check out Kafka Summit! August 28th in San Francisco Thanks!