HANA Modeling

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What is SAP HANA ?
 SAP HANA is a modern, in-memory database and platform that is
deployable on premise or in the cloud.
 The SAP HANA platform is a flexible data source agnostic in-memory data
platform that allows customers to analyze large volumes of data in real-
time.
 It is also a development platform, providing an infrastructure and tools for
building high-performance applications based on SAP HANA Extended
Application Services (SAP HANA XS).
 It is the foundation of various SAP HANA editions, like the SAP HANA
Platform Edition, providing core database technology, and the SAP HANA
Enterprise Edition, bundling additional components for data provisioning.
 The SAP HANA Platform Edition integrates a number of SAP components,
including the SAP HANA database, SAP HANA studio, and SAP HANA clients.

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HANA System Architecture Overview

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Server Components Service Name Description
Name server nameserver The name server owns the information about the topology of the SAP HANA system.
In a distributed system with instances of the SAP HANA database on multiple hosts, the name
server knows where the components are running and which data is located on which server.
Index Server Index server The index server contains the actual data stores and the engines for processing the data.
XS advanced runtime • Xscontroller
• Xsexeagent
• hdixsuaaserv
er
As of SAP HANA 1.0 SPS 11, SAP HANA includes an additional run-time environment for
application development: SAP HANA extended application services (XS), advanced model.
SAP HANA XS advanced model represents an evolution of the application server architecture
within SAP HANA by building upon the strengths (and expanding the scope) of SAP HANA
extended application services (XS), classic model.
The SAP HANA XS advanced runtime consists of several processes for platform services and for
executing applications
SAP HANA Deployment
Infrastructure (HDI)
server
diserver HDI handles the deployment of design-time artifacts into SAP HANA.
XS classic server xsengine SAP HANA Extended Application Services (SAP HANA XS) is the application server for native SAP
HANA-based web applications. It is installed with the SAP HANA system and allows developers to
write and run SAP HANA-based applications without the need to run an additional application
server. SAP HANA XS is also used to run web-based tools that come with SAP HANA, for instance
for administration, lifecycle management and development. SAP HANA XS classic is the original
implementation of SAP HANA XS.
The XS classic server can run as a separate server process or embedded within the index server.
Extended store server esserver The extended store server is part of the SAP HANA dynamic tiering option for SAP HANA. It
provides a high-performance disk-based column store for very big data up to the petabyte
range.
Data provisioning server dpserver The data provisioning server is part of the SAP HANA smart data integration option for SAP
HANA. It provides capabilities such as data provisioning in real time and batch mode, real-time
data transformations, data quality functions, adapters for various types of remote sources, and
an adapter SDK for developing additional adapters.
Streaming cluster streamingserver The streaming cluster is part of the SAP HANA smart data streaming option for SAP HANA. Smart
data streaming extends SAP HANA with capabilities of SAP Event Stream Processor for
consuming data streams and complex event processing.

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Server Components Service Name Description
Accelerator for SAP
ASE
etsserver The SAP ASE server is part of the SAP HANA Accelerator for SAP ASE option for SAP
HANA. It provides SAP Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) users the ability to use SAP
HANA on SAP ASE data, for real-time analytics
SAP HANA remote
data sync
rdsyncserver The remote data sync server is part of the SAP HANA Real-Time Replication option for
SAP HANA. SAP HANA remote data sync is a session-based synchronization technology
designed to synchronize SAP SQL Anywhere remote databases with a consolidated
database.
Preprocessor server preprocessor The preprocessor server is used by the index server to analyze text data and extract
the information on which the text search capabilities are based.
Compile server compileserver The compile server performs the compilation of stored procedures and programs, for
example, SQLScript procedures. It runs on every host and does not persist data.
Script server scriptserver The script server is used to execute application function libraries written in C++. The
script server is optional and must be started manually. For more information, see SAP
Note 1650957.
SAP Web Dispatcher webdispatcher The Web Dispatcher processes inbound HTTP and HTTPS connections to XS services.
SAP start service sapstartsrv The SAP start service is responsible for starting and stopping the other services in the
correct order. It also performs other functions, such as monitoring their runtime state.

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HANA Development Scenarios

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HANA Database Development

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Calculation View’s
 A calculation view allows users to define more advanced slices on
the data available in the SAP HANA database.
 Calculation views are mainly used for analyzing operational data
marts or running multidimensional reports on revenue, profitability,
and so on.
 Attributes:
 Descriptive data - such as customer ID, city, and country.
 Measures:
 Quantifiable data - such as revenue, quantity sold and, counters.
 Calculation view’s support the following
 Support both OLAP and OLTP models i.e. SQL and MDX.
 Support complex expressions (for example, IF, Case, Counter).
 Support analytic privileges (for example, restricting a user for a certain cost center).
 Support SAP ERP specific features (for example, client handling, language, currency
conversion).
 Combine facts from multiple tables.
 Support additional data processing operations, (for example, Union, explicit aggregation).
 Leverage both Column and Row tables.

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Working With Attributes and Measures
 Attributes: Attributes are the non-measurable analytical elements.
 Measures: Measures are measurable analytical elements that are derived from calculation views.
Attributes Description Example
Simple
Attributes
Individual non-measurable analytical elements
that are derived from the data sources.
For example, PRODUCT_ID and PRODUCT_NAME are
attributes of product data source.
Calculated
Attributes
Derived from one or more existing attributes or
constants.
For example, deriving the full name of a customer
(first name and last name), assigning a constant
value to an attribute that can be used for arithmetic
calculations.
Measures Description Example
Simple Measures A simple measure is a measurable
analytical element that is derived from the
data sources.
For example, PROFIT.
Calculated Measures Calculated measures are defined based on
a combination of data from other data
sources, arithmetic operators, constants,
and functions.
For example, you can use calculated measures to
calculate the net profit from revenue and
operational cost..
Counters Counters add a new measure to the
calculation view definition to count the
distinct occurrences of an attribute.
For example, to count how many times product
appears and use this value for reporting purposes.

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Generate Time Data
 Generate time data into the standard time-related tables that are available
in the _SYS_BI schema.
 After generating the time data, you can use the standard time-related
tables as data sources in the calculation view to add a time dimension to
the view.
 Supported Calendar Types For Generating Time Data
 Supported Time Range for Generating Time Data – for the Gregorian Calendar type

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Generate Time Data
 Gregorian calendar type
 M_TIME_DIMENSION_YEAR,
 M_TIME_DIMENSION_MONTH,
 M_TIME_DIMENSION_WEEK,
 M_TIME_DIMENSION
 Fiscal calendar type
 In the Schema text field, enter the name of the variant schema that contains
tables having variant data.
 The variant specifies the number of periods along with the start and end
dates.
 M_FISCAL_CALENDAR
 Create Time Dimension view and add view to the other Cal
view’s

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Graphical Calculation Views
 Create graphical calculation views using a graphical editor to depict a
complex business scenario. You can also create graphical calculation views
to include layers of calculation logic.
 Working with View node
 Working with Column and properties
 Working the Calculation View Properties

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Working with View Nodes
Node Description Example
Projection
Use Projection node to filter or obtain a subset of
required columns of a data source (tables, views,
table functions, and so on.)
Projection nodes have one input.
For selecting the employee name and employee
department from a table consisting of many other
columns.
Aggregation
Use Aggregation node to summarize data for a
group of row values, by calculating values in a
column.
Aggregation nodes have one input.
For retrieving total sales of a product in a month.
The supported aggregation types are SUM, MIN,
VAR, STDDEV, MAX, COUNT, AVG.
Join
Use Join node to query data from two data sources,
based on a specified condition.
Join nodes have two inputs.
For retrieving customer details and location based
on the postal code columns in
the CUSTOMER and GEOGRAPHY tables. The
CUSTOMER table has columns Customer_ID,
Customer_Name and Postal_Code, and the
GEOGRAPHY table has columns
Customer_ID,Postal_Code, Region and Country.
Union
Use Union node to combine the result set of two or
more data sources.
Union nodes have two or more inputs.
For retrieving the names of all employees of a
store, which has different branches, with each
branch maintaining its own employee records table.
Rank
Use Rank node to partition the data for a set of
partition columns, and to perform an order by
operation on the partitioned data.
Retrieving the top five products, based on sales,
from a TRANSACTION table with
columns PRODUCT and SALES.
Graph
Use Graph node to execute any of the available
graph operations or actions on the graph
workspace.
A graph node is always the leaf node only.
Execute graph actions such as the shortest path or
the strongest connection between components in
the graph workspace. The graph workspace includes
the definition of the vertex table and edge table
that are required to execute the action.

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Projection/Aggregation Filter Output
 Apply filters on columns of projection or aggregation view nodes to
filter their output.
 You cannot apply filter on columns of the default projection or the
default aggregation nodes of calculation views.
 Filter on columns are equivalent to “HAVING” CLAUSE of SQL.
 We can use both Column or SQL Engine for filter expressions
For example,
(revenue >= 100 AND region = India) OR (revenue >=50 AND region
= Germany)

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Join Properties
Join
Properties
Description
Join Type The value of this property specifies the join type used for creating a join.
Cardinality The value of this property specifies the cardinality used for creating a join.
By default, the cardinality of the join is empty. If you are not sure about
the right cardinality for the join tables, it is recommended to not specify
any cardinality. The system determines the cardinality when executing the
join.
Language
Column
The value of this property specifies the language column that modeler
must use for executing text joins.
Dynamic Join The value of this property determines whether modeler must dynamically
define the columns of the join condition based on the client query.
Optimize Join
Columns
The value of this property determines whether modeler must retrieve the
columns that are not specified in the query from the database.

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Join types
Join Type Description
Inner This join type returns all rows when there is at least one match in both
the data sources.
Left Outer This join type returns all rows from the left data source, and the matched
rows from the right data source.
Right Outer This join type returns all rows from the right data source, and the
matched rows from the left data source.
Text Join This join type is used to obtain language-specific data from the text tables
using a language column.
Full Outer This join type displays results from both left and right outer joins and
returns all (matched or unmatched) rows from the tables on both sides of
the join clause.
Referential This join type is similar to inner join type, but assumes referential
integrity is maintained for the join tables.

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Dynamic Join
 After creating a join between two data sources, you can define the
join property as dynamic.
 Dynamic joins improves the join execution process and help reduce
the number of records that join node process at run time.
 You can set the Dynamic Join property only if the two data sources
are joined on multiple columns.
Static Join Dynamic Join
In static joins, the join condition isn't
changed, irrespective of the client query.
In Dynamic joins, the join condition
changed, based on the client query
No Run time error even if query does not
request the join column
In a dynamic join, if the client query to
the join doesn't request a join column,
a query run time error occurs
Aggregation happens after the join
condition
Aggregation happens before the join
condition

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Dynamic vs Static Joins Example

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Optimize Join Execution
 While executing the join, by default, the query retrieves join
columns from the database even if you don't specify it in the
query.
 The query automatically includes the join columns into the SQL
GROUP BY clause without you selecting them in the query.
 Optimizing join columns is supported only for left outer joins, or
text joins (with cardinality 1:1 or N:1), and right outer joins (with
cardinality 1:1 or 1:N).
 The join optimizer cannot remove attributes of static filters if the
filters are defined on join columns for which you have
enabled Optimize Join Columns. In this case, you can optimize the
join column by introducing a dummy projection node between the
join and the input node with static filters.

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Special Joins
Special
Join
Description Example
Star Join Star joins connect a central data
entity to multiple entities that are
logically related. You can create a
graphical calculation view with
star joins that join multiple
dimensions to a single fact table.

Temporal
Joins
Temporal joins let you join the
transaction data (fact table) with
the master data, based on
temporal column values from the
transaction data and the time
validity from the master data.
Consider a dimension calculation view named PRODUCT (master
data) with attributes PRODUCT_ID, VALID_FROM_DATE, and
VALID_TO_DATE and a calculation view of type
cube, SALES (transactional data) with
attributes PRODUCT_ID, DATE, and REVENUE. Conditions:
Include/Exclude both, Include To Exclude from and Exclude To
Include from
Text Joins A text join helps obtain language-
specific data. It retrieves columns
from a text table based on the
user’s session language.
The text tables contain description for a column value in different
languages. For example, consider a PRODUCT table that
contains PRODCUT_ID and a text table PRODUCT_TEXT that
contains the columns PRODUCT_ID, DESCRIPTION,
and LANGUAGE.
Spatial Joins Create spatial joins to query data
from data sources that have
spatial data.

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Union
 Use union nodes in calculation views to combine the results of two
or more data sources.

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Empty Union Behavior
 The Empty Union Behavior property determines whether queries on union nodes, ones with
constant output columns, will return values when no other column from the data source is
queried.
 This property is useful, for example, for value help queries in applications.
 No Row
 Row with Constant
If the Empty Union Behavior property is set
to No Row, no data from Projection _2 appears
in the output data.
Only data from Projection_1 appears in the
output data.
If the Empty Union Behavior property is set
to Row with Constant, the output data
includes one record from Projection _2.
In this one record, the constant value A appears
for the CONSTANT column and values for all
other columns appears as null.

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Prune Data in Union Nodes
 Pruning data in union nodes help optimize the query execution.
 You create a pruning configuration table, which specifies the filter conditions to limit the
result set, and prune data using this table.

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Rank
 Use rank nodes in calculation views to partition the data for a set of
partition columns, and perform an ORDER BY SQL operation on the
partitioned data.

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Rank
 Define Sort Direction
 Define threshold value
 Use a Fixed value or an Input Parameter as the threshold value
 Order by
 select a column that modeler must use to perform
the order by operation.
 Partition Data
 Partition by Column more than one column
 Dynamic Partition - based query request
 select the Dynamic Partition Elements checkbox.
 Generate the Rank Column
 If you want generate an additional output column for the
rank node to store the rank values,
select the Generate Rank Column checkbox.

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Graph Nodes
 SAP HANA Graph lets you create graph nodes in calculation views
for various calculation scenarios.
 A graph node helps execute one of the available actions on a graph
workspace and provides the output as a table.

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Working with Columns
Task to perform Requirement
Create Counters Count the number of distinct values for a set of attribute columns.
Create Calculated Columns Create new output columns and calculate their values at run time using an expression.
Create Restricted Columns Create restricted columns as an additional measure based on attribute restrictions
REVENUE column only for REGION = APJ, and YEAR = 2012.
> Measure and Attribute Column
> Expressions
Assign Semantics Assign semantic types to provide more meaning to attributes and measures in calculation
views.
Create Input Parameters Parameterize calculation views and execute them based on the values users provide at
query run time.
Assign Variables Filter the results based on the values that users provide to attributes at run time.
Create Level Hierarchies Create level hierarchies to organize data in reporting tools.
Create Parent-Child Hierarchies Create parent-child hierarchies to organize data in reporting tools.
Associate Measures with Currency Associate measures with currency codes and perform currency conversions.
Associate Measures with Unit of
Measure
Associate measures with unit of measures and perform unit conversions.
Group Related Measures Group related measures together in a folder.
Enable or Disable Attributes for
Drilldown in Reporting Tools
By default, the tool lets you drilldown the attributes or calculated attributes in the reporting
tools. You can disable this behavior for selected attributes.
Assign Value Help for Attributes If you are using attribute data to provide values to variables and input parameters at
runtime, you can assign a value help to that attribute in order to use values from other
attributes, which are available within the same calculation view or in other tables or other
calculation views.
Handle Null Values in Columns Define default values for columns (both attributes and measures) in the event that no value
is provided during an INSERT operation. The system uses these default values in the
reporting tools to replace any null values in columns.
Add Descriptions to Attributes In an information view, you can associate an attribute or a column having texts, as a label
column to another attribute or column.

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Assign Semantics
 Assigning semantics to measures or attributes in calculation views helps
define output structure of views.
 Extract and Copy Semantics From Underlying Data Sources
 Propagate Columns to Semantics
 Supported Semantic Types for Measures
 Supported Semantic Types for Attributes
Extract and Copy Semantics From Underlying
Data Sources
While defining the semantics for a calculation view, you
can extract and copy the semantic definitions of columns
from their underlying data sources.
Propagate Columns to Semantics Propagate columns from underlying view nodes to the
semantics node and to other view nodes that are in the
joined path
Supported Semantic Types for Measures Amount with Currency Code
Quantity with Unit of Measures
Supported Semantic Types for Attributes Amount with Currency Code
Quantity with Unit of Measures
Currency Code
Unit of Measure
Date
Date – Business Date From
Date – Business Date To
Geo Location - Longitude
Geo Location - Latitude
Geo Location - Carto ID
Geo Location – Normalized Name

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Convert Attribute Values to Required Formats
 Assign conversion functions to attribute columns. These functions help
maintain conversion from any internal to external format and from any
external to internal format.
Stored Data
Type Format
Stored
Value
Formatted
Value
Preservi
ng Order
ABAP Date 20160503 05.03.2016 No
ABAP Date 20160503 2016.05.03 Yes

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Convert Attribute Values to Required Formats

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Creating Input Parameters
 Input parameters helps you parameterize calculation views and execute them based
on the values you provide to the input parameters at query runtime. The engine
considers input parameters as the PLACEHOLDER clause of the SQL statement.
Properties Description
Default Value The value of this property specifies the default value that modeler uses
if you do not provide any values to the input parameter at runtime.
Parameter Type The value of this property specifies the input parameter type..
Multiple Entries The value of this property specifies whether the input parameter is
configured to support multiple values at runtime.
Is Mandatory The value of this property specifies whether the input parameter is
configured to mandatorily accept a value at runtime.

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Default Values
Default Value Meaning
Constant i.If you want to use a constant value as the default input parameter
value,In the Default Value section, choose the add icon.
ii.In Type dropdown list section, select Constant.
iii.In Value field, provide a constant value.
Expression If you want to use the result of an expression as the default input
parameter value:
i.In the Default Value section, choose the add icon.
ii.In Type dropdown list section, select Expression.
iii.In the Value field, choose the value help to open the expression
editor.
iv.In the Expression Editor, enter a valid expression.
v.Choose Validate Syntax.
vi.Choose Back..
For example, you can evaluate the expression date(Now()), and use the
result as the default input parameter value at runtime.

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Parameter Type
Input Parameter
Type
Description Next Steps
Column At runtime, modeler provides a value help with attribute
data. You can choose a value from the attribute data as an
input parameter value.
You can also choose a hierarchy from the calculation view to
organize the data in reporting tools. But, only if the
hierarchy contains the variable’s reference column at the
leaf level (in level hierarchies) or as a parent attribute (in
parent-child hierarchies).
a. In the Reference Column dropdown list, select an
attribute.b. If you want to use attribute data from another
calculation view as the reference column, in theView/Table
for value help dropdown list, select the information view that
contains the required attribute.
c. If you want use a hierarchy to organize the data in
reporting tools, in Hierarchy dropdown list, select a
hierarchy.
Derived from
table
At runtime, modeler uses the value from the table’s return
column as the input parameter value. This means that, you
need not provide any values to the inputparameter at
runtime.
Input parameters of this type are typically used to evaluate
a formula. For example, you calculate a discount for specific
clients by creating an input parameter, which is derived
from the SALES table and return column REVENUE with a
filter set on the CLIENT_ID.
a. In the Table Name dropdown list, select a table.
b. For the table you select, in the Return Columndropdown
list, select a column value.
c. In the Filters section, define filter conditions to filter the
values of return column.
Direct Specify the data type and length and scale of the input
parameter value that you want to use at runtime.
You can also define an input parameter with semantic type
as Currency or Unit of Measure or Date.
For example, in currency conversions, you can specify the
target currency value at run time by creating an input
parameter of type Direct with semantic type as Currency.
b. In the Data Type dropdown list, select the data type.
c. Provide the Length and Scale for the data type you choose.
a. Optionally, In the Semantic Type dropdown list, specify
the semantic type for you input parameter.
Static List At runtime, modeler provides a value help with the static
list. You can choose a value from this list as an input
parameter value.
a. In the Data Type dropdown list, select the data type for
the list values.
b. Provide the Length and Scale for the data type you
choose.
c. In the List of Values section, choose the add icon to
provide the list values.
Derived from
Procedure/Scalar
functions
At runtime, modeler uses the value returned from the
procedure or scalar function as the input parameter value.
a..In Procedure/ Scalar Function textbox, provide the name
of procedure or scalar function.

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Map Input Parameters or Variables
 If you are creating a calculation view by using other calculation views,
attribute views or analytic views, which have input parameters or variables
defined on it, then you can map the input parameters or variables of the
underlying data sources with the input parameters or variables of the
calculation view that you are creating
Value Description
Data Sources If you are using other data sources in your calculation view
and if you want map input parameters of these data sources
with the input parameters of the calculation view.
Views for value
help for
variables/input
parameters
If you are using input parameters or variables, which refer
to external views for value help references and if you want
to map input parameters or variables of external views with
the input parameters or variables of the calculation view.
Views for value
help for
attributes
If you are creating a calculation view, and for the attributes
in the underlying data sources of this calculation view, if you
have defined a value help view or a table that provides
values to filter the attribute at runtime.

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Assign Variable
 Calculation views contain variables that are bound to specific
attributes within the calculation view.
 Variables are runtime filters that help to filter attributes, based on
values that users provide.
 Is Mandatory
 Multiple Values
 Reference Column (View/Table Value Help)
 Constant or Expression
 Supported Variable types
 Single Value
 Interval From/To
 Range Equal/Less than

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Using Currency and Unit of Measure Conversions
 If measures in your calculation views or analytic views represent currency
or unit values, associate them with currency codes or unit of measures. This
helps you display the measure values along with currency codes or unit of
measures at data preview or in reporting tools.
 Associate Measures with Currency
 Associate Measures with Unit of Measure

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Hierarchy
 SAP HANA modeler helps create hierarchies to organize data in a tree
structure for multidimensional reporting. Each hierarchy comprises of a set
of levels having many-to-one relationships between each other and
collectively these levels make up the hierarchical structure.
 Level Hierarchy
Example Year, Qtr, Month, Week and Day
 Parent/Child Hierarchy
Example Profit Center and Cost Center

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Others
Attribute and Measure
Operations
Description Properties
Create Counters Counters are columns that display the distinct
count of attribute columns.
You can create counters for attribute columns in the default
aggregation view node only.
Set Transparent Filter Flag = TRUE Attribute property to get
the correct count
Create Calculated ColumnsCreate new output columns and calculate their
values at run time, based on the result of an
expression. Calculation can be build based on Other
columns, functions, input parameters and constants
Semantics: Column type Dimension/Measure
Enable client side aggregation checkbox
Aggregation Type dropdown list
Drilldown Provide an expression : SQL/Calculation Engine
if("PRODUCT" = 'NOTEBOOK', "DISCOUNT" * 0.10,
"DISCOUNT")
Create Restricted
Columns
Create restricted columns as an additional measure
based on attribute restrictions
REVENUE column only for REGION = APJ, and YEAR
= 2012.
> Measure and Attribute Column
> Expressions
You can define multiple conditions using the same attribute
columns or different attribute columns. For example, the
expression, ("CUSTOMER_ID" = '10' OR "CUSTOMER_ID" =
'2010') AND ("CUSTOMER_NAME" = '' ") has three conditions.
Enable or Disable Attributes for Drilldown in Reporting ToolsBy default, the tool lets you drilldown the attributes
or calculated attributes in the reporting tools. You
can disable this behavior for selected attributes.
Assign Value Help for
Attributes
If you are using attribute data to provide values to
variables and input parameters at runtime, you can
assign a value help to that attribute in order to use
values from other attributes, which are available
within the same calculation view or in other tables
or other calculation views.
Handle Null Values in
Columns
Define default values for columns (both attributes
and measures) in the event that no value is
provided during an INSERT operation. The system
uses these default values in the reporting tools to
replace any null values in columns.
Group Related Measures Create folders in calculation views to logically
group related measures in a calculation view. For
example, you can group planned measures and
related measures in separate folders.
Add Descriptions to
Attributes
In an information view, you can associate an
attribute or a column having texts, as a label
column to another attribute or column.
Keep Flag Using keep flag property. The Keep Flag property helps retrieve columns from the view node to the result set even
when you don't, request it in your query. In other words, if you want to include those columns into the SQL GROUP
BY clause, even when you don't select them in the query,

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Working With Calculation View Properties
Task to perform Requirement
Filter Data for Specific Clients
Filter the view data either using a fixed client
value or using a session client set for the user.
Invalidate Cached Content
Invalidate or remove data from the cache after
specific time intervals.
Deprecate Calculation Views Prevent use of a calculation view.
Enable Calculation Views for
Time Travel Queries
Execute time travel queries on calculation views

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Working With Calculation View Properties

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Calculation View properties
Properties Description
Data Category
The value of this property determines whether your calculation view supports analysis with
multidimensional reporting. For more information see, Supported Data Categories for Information Views.
Default Schema
The value of this property helps modeler identify the default schema, which contains the tables necessary
for currency or unit conversions. For more information, see Using Currency and Unit of Measure
Conversions.
Default Member
This value of this property helps modeler identify the default member for all hierarchies in the information
views.
Enable History
The value of this property determines whether your calculation view supports time travel queries. For more
information see, Enable Information Views for Time Travel Queries.
History Input
Parameter
Input parameter used to specify the timestamp in time travel queries.
Deprecate
The value of this property determines whether a user does not recommend using an information view in
other modeler objects. If the value is set to True, it indicates that although an information view is
supported in SAP HANA modeler for modeling activities, it is not recommended for use. For more
information, Deprecate Information Views.
Translate
The value of this property determines whether SAP HANA modeler must support maintaining object label
texts in the information view in multiple languages. For more information, see Maintain Modeler Object
Labels in Multiple Languages.
Execute In
The value of this property impacts the output data. It determines whether modeler must execute the
calculation view in SQL engine or column engine. For more information, see SAP Note 1857202
Cache
The value of this property determines whether you have enabled support for cache invalidation. For more
information see, Enable Support for Cache Invalidation
Cache Invalidation
Period
The value of this property impacts the output data. It determines whether modeler must invalidate or
remove the cached content based on a time interval or when any of the underlying data is changed. For
more information, see Invalidate Cached Content.
Pruning Configuration
Table
The value of this property determines the pruning configuration table that modeler must use to prune data
in union nodes. For more information, see Prune Data in Union Nodes.
Propagate Instantiation
to SQL
The value of this property helps modeler identify whether it has to propagate the instantiation handled by
the calculation engine to the CDS or SQL views built on top of this calculation view. If the value is set to
True, modeler propagates the instantiation to the CDS or SQL views. This means that, attributes that a
query (on a SQL view built on top of this view) does not request are pruned and not considered at runtime.
For information on calculation engine instantiation process, see SAP Note 1764658
Analyticview
Compatibility Mode
The value of this property helps the join engine identify whether it has to ignore joins with N:M cardinality,
when executing the join. If the value of this property is set to True, the join engine prunes N:M cardinality
joins if the left table or the right table in the star join node does not request for any field, and if no filters
are defined on the join.
Count Star Column
The value of this property is set to row.count in calculation views, which were created by migrating analytic
views having the row.count column. The row.count column was used internally to store the result of SELECT
COUNT(*) queries.
You can also select a column from the calculation view as Count Star Column. In this case, the column you
select is used to store the result of SELECT COUNT(<column_name>).

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Additional Functionality for Calculation Views
 After modeling calculation views or during design time itself you can
perform certain additional functions to understand the performance
of the view at runtime and to efficiently model calculation views.

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Additional functions Description Example
Trace View Objects with Data
Lineage
With data lineage, you can essentially
identify from where the calculation view
gets its data from.
1) Object from its source and up to the semantics
node within the calculation view
2) Source of all data sources (tables and views)
used for modeling a calculation view.
Trace Dependent Objects to
Analyze Impacts
Modifying a calculation view can impact
other calculation views that are modeled
on top of the view.
It is necessary to identify all such
dependent objects before making any
changes to the view, which otherwise may
lead to run time errors.
The tools helps to identify all dependent objects of
a target calculation view, one level at a time.
This means that, for each of the dependent object,
you can further drilldown and identify the next
level of dependent objects and until the leaf
object.
Open Calculation Views in
Performance Analysis Mode
When you open a calculation view in
performance analysis mode, you obtain
information on joins, join tables, table
partitions, table types and other such
information that to better understand the
performance of calculation views when it
is executed.
The number of rows in a data source and table
partitions impact the performance of your queries.
The performance analysis mode provides
information on such details at design time.
Based on this information you can model more
efficient calculation views and improve its
performance when it is executed.
Debug Calculation Views
Open the calculation view in the debugger
editor (in debug mode) by executing a
debug query that the tool proposes or by
executing your own debug query.
The debugging operation helps analyze the run
time behavior of a calculation view.
Based on the analysis, you can make necessary
changes to the view at design time and improve
its performance when it is executed.
The tool supports several debugging operations
within the debugger editor.
For example, write a SQL query for debugging a
calculation view and identify those attributes or
data sources in the calculation view that the
engine consumes for executing the query, and
also those objects that the engine does not
consume.

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Additional functions Description Example
Maintain Comments for
Calculation View Objects
When you are modeling a calculation
view, you can also maintain comments
for the view or for its objects such as
parameters, calculated columns, view
nodes and so on
Columns in the semantics node
View nodes
Input parameters and variables
Hierarchies
Calculated columns and restricted columns in
underlying view nodes
Replacing Nodes and Data
Sources
Replace a view node with any of the
other underlying view nodes or replace
a data source in view node with other
available data sources in the catalog
object.
If you manually delete a node in column view
(without using the replace view node feature)
and add new node, you lose the semantic
information of the deleted node
Using Functions in
Expressions
This section describes the functions,
which you can use while creating
expressions for calculated attributes
and calculated measures
Manage Calculation Views
with Missing Objects
If objects within a calculation view are
missing, for example, if the objects or
its references are deleted, then such
calculation views are referred to as
broken models.
Adjusting mappings of inconsistent objects.
Deleting inconsistent objects.
Generate Properties File for
Calculation Views
For a calculation view, you can
generate a properties file that contains
the key-value pairs, such as, name and
description values of calculation views
objects.
You can also tranlate the name and description
values to multiple langagues and update
the BIMC _DESRIPTION table
Generate Calculation View
Documentation
Generate a single document that
captures all details for a selected
calculation view.

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Trace View Objects with Data Lineage
 With data lineage, you can essentially identify from where the
calculation view gets its data from.

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Trace Dependent Objects to Analyze Impacts
 With Modifying a calculation view can impact other calculation views
that are modeled on top of the view.
 It is necessary to identify all such dependent objects before making
any changes to the view, which otherwise may lead to run time
errors.
 The tools helps to identify all dependent objects of a target
calculation view, one level at a time.
 This means that, for each of the dependent object, you can further
drilldown and identify the next level of dependent objects and until
the leaf object.

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Performance Analysis
 The objective of the performance analysis mode is to provide such
information to users that helps them understand the performance of the
calculation view when it is executed.
 When you open a calculation view in performance analysis mode, you obtain
information on the catalog tables modeled in the view. For example,
information on table partitions, number of rows in the tables, and so on.
 The information that the tool displays in performance analysis mode depends
on the view node that you select and the data sources within this view node

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Open Views in Analysis Mode
 When you open a calculation view in performance analysis mode, you obtain
information on joins, join tables, table partitions, table types and other such
information that to better understand the performance of calculation views
when it is executed..

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Open Views in Debug Mode
 Open the calculation view in the debugger editor (in debug mode) by
executing a debug query that the tool proposes or by executing your own
debug query.
 The debugging operation helps analyze the run time behavior of a calculation
view. Based on the analysis, you can make necessary changes to the view at
design time and improve its performance when it is executed.

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Using the Debugger Editor
 The debugger editor opens the calculation view in debug mode and helps in
analyzing the runtime performance of calculation views.
 The data in the debugger editor largely depends on the query you execute to
debug the calculation view.
 Helps identify pruned and unpruned data sources in calculation views.
 Allows drilldown on underlying data sources for detailed analysis
 Provides simple intermediate data preview
 Displays results of executing the performance validation rules on the
calculation view.

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Predefined Validation Rules
 Executing the predefined validation rules helps identify specific design time
factors that impact the performance of calculation views.
 The tool automatically executes the predefined validation rules when you
execute the debug query
Predefined Validation Rule Objective
Calculation in filter expression
rule
Helps identify whether you have modeled the
calculation view with calculated columns or
aggregated columns in filter expressions.
Calculation in joins rule Helps identify whether you have modeled the
calculation view with calculated columns or
aggregated columns in join conditions.
Partition types in join rule Helps identify whether the tables participating the
join are partition tables and if the 1st level partition
type of these two tables are different.

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