HEIGHT BASED WATER LEVEL INDICATOR AND PUMP CONTROL IOT SYSTEM WITH ANDROID APP

International Journal of Ambient Systems and Applications (IJASA), Vol.12, No.1/2/3/4, December 2024
DOI : 10.5121/ijasa.2024.12401 1
HEIGHT BASED WATER LEVEL INDICATOR AND
PUMP CONTROL IOT SYSTEM WITH ANDROID APP
Pramod Kumar Goyal 1
, Moksh Giri 2
and Saurabh Verma 2
1
Associate professor, Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University, New Delhi, India
2
Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University, New Delhi, India
ABSTRACT
In General, homeowners need to fill their overhead water tanks by manually operating water pump motor
to ensure a consistent water supply. However, it throws challenges at odd hours like in cold nights etc. in
turning the water pump on and off in manual mode. Which even Sometimes results in non-turning on the
water pump leading to an empty tank and inconvenience. Similarly, sometimes non-turning off the water
pump after the tank is filled leads to water overflow and wastage. To address these issues, an automated
system is required that provides accurate water level indication and controls the pump operation. The
development such automated systems using IOT provides mobile app based real time operability &
flexibility to the user.
This paper presents a Height Based Water Level Indicator and Pump Control IoT System. The proposed
IOT based system uses ultrasonic sensor to measures water distance from top of tank which allows
calculation of the water level as a percentage of height instead of percentage of volume as in traditional
systems thus allowing any type or shape of water tank to be managed efficiently.
Further, the android app developed indigenously which facilitate operating the proposed system in both
manual and automatic mode. The android app is developed with features which can provide automatic
on/off functionality based on pre-specified water level thresholds, pre-setting on/off timer and auto off in
case no water supply by pump motor.
This is a completely indigenously developed and practically tested, on real time installations, novel IOT
system for management of overhead water tank system
KEYWORDS
IoT, Water Level Indicator, Water Pump, Android App, Node MCU, Arduino, Alarm Manager, Firebase.
1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid advancement of technology has revolutionized various aspects of our daily lives,
including the way we manage and control essential resources such as water. In this context, the
Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a powerful framework that connects physical devices
and enables them to communicate and interact with each other over the internet. One of the
significant applications of IoT is in the domain of water management, where it has the potential
to enhance efficiency, conservation, and automation.
But all the currently developed IOT based systems for overhead water tank level measurement
and pump control are volume-based calculation requiring entering the multiple parameters like
height, radius etc. based on shape of water tank in the system thus restricting the system to
become universally utilizable for all types of water tanks. Further, all the currently developed

2
systems are using third party android apps like Blynk which further restricts the versatility of
these systems.
This paper focuses on developing an IoT-based water level indicator and automatic pump control
system with an accompanying Android application, free from all the above restrictions thus
making it a truly universally usable versatile IOT system. The deployment of IoT technology in
the proposed system enables water level monitoring on real-time basisand allows users to
remotely control the pump from their smartphones.
With the aim of enhancing water management efficiency and conservation, the system offers
automated control, customizable threshold levels, and convenient remote access. By combining
IoT and mobile technology, this paper presents a practical solution for effective water level
monitoring and pump control.
The novelty of this work is as below-
 The paper focuses on providing water level data based on the container's height rather
than its volume. This approach allows for universal applicability across containers of
various shapes. By calculating the percentage based on the height, the model can be
utilized for tanks or containers with different shapes, as height serves as a common
factor for all. This flexibility enables the system to accurately determine the water level
regardless of the container's specific dimensions or geometry.
 It uses an indigenously developed Android App instead of any party application like
Blynk IoT for displaying the real time water level percentage and controlling the water
pump.
 Instead of relying on user input or measurements, it uses a seamless process within the
Android app. With just a single button press, the app triggers the sensor to measure the
actual height of the container accurately. Based on this measured height, the system
automatically calculates and displays the precise water level percentage on the Android
app. This novel thought rules out the need for manual calculation of water volumebased
on the manual inputs from the user leading to higher accuracy and ease of operation
while measuring water levels.
 An Alarm Manager functionality is added in Android App, which lets users easily
schedule when the water pump should turn on and offby pre-setting a Start-Time and an
End-Time using the Android app. This feature automates the operation of the water
pump, so it starts and stops according to the user's chosen schedule. It's a convenient
way to control the pump without needing to manually do it every time.
 A robust mechanism to monitor the filling status of the tank in implemented in the
proposed system. If it detected that the tank is not being filled with water as expected,
the system automatically shuts off the motor pump. Additionally, notifications are
promptly sent to all mobile devices with the Android app installed, alerting users about
the situation. By incorporating this mechanism, it ensures proactive monitoring and
timely response to any issues related to the tank's fillingthus preventing wastage of
resources and real-time redressal of issues. The notifications serve as valuable alerts,
keeping users informed and allowing them to promptly investigate and resolve any
potential concerns with the water supply.
2. RELATED WORK
The IoT Based Water Level Control System [1], proposed a solution utilizing the Internet of
Things (IoT) employing an ESP8266 controller to autonomously regulates the pump or valve,

3
preventing water overflow and wastage but using a third-party application “Blynk” to facilitate
water level monitoring and control. They conducted tests on a 64 cm water container, and the
system exhibited a 2 cm error in water level control.
In IOT Based Water Level Monitoring System [2], specifically focused on liquid level sensors
and logic controllers. It compared manual systems with IoT-based systems in terms of power
consumption and water wastage. This system utilizes a controller-based approach to indicate
thewater level in the tank to an agent, while employing sensor-based water level detection using
water level sensors.
In IOT Based Water Level Monitoring & Controlling System [3], they developed an IoT-based
water level monitoring and control system by utilizing an Ultrasonic Sensor, the water level
monitoring system senses the liquid level and compared it with the tank's depth. The system
incorporated components such as Arduino Uno, a Buzzer, and an LCD screen to display the
water level in the tank and the motor's operational state but not using any mobile app.
In Water Level Monitoring System Using IOT [4], the system utilized water containers with
ultrasonic sensors placed on top to detect and compare the liquid level with the container's depth.
To facilitate its functionality, the system employed an AVR family microcontroller, Raspberry
Pi, LCD screen, Wi-Fi modem for data transmission, a buzzerand 12V transformer-basedPower
supply for the system.
In IoT Based Water Level Indicator Using Node MCU [5][6]presented a volume-based water
monitoring system based on IoT by utilizing an ultrasonic distance sensor.The IOT based water
level meter [7]make utilization of a hub MCU with water sensor to foresee surge and caution
particular specialists regarding surges utilizing IoT. In Automatic Water Level Control
System[8] used Arduino to automate the process of water pumping in a tank. In Microcontroller
Based Automated Water Level Sensing and Controlling: Design and Implementation Issue[9]
introduce the notion of water level monitoring and management within the context of electrical
conductivity of the water using microcontroller-based water level sensing and controlling in a
wired and wireless environment. A Node-MCU based water pump control systems for irrigation
was presented in [10]. Android app development for automation systems using Bluetooth
presented in [11].
But all the above IOT based systems developed for overhead water tank level measurement and
pump control are volume-based calculation requiring entering the multiple parameters like
height, radius etc. based on shape of water tank in the system thus restricting the system to
become universally utilizable for all types of water tanks. Further, all the currently developed
systems are using third party android apps like Blynk which further restricts the versatility of
these systems. The proposed systems are free from all the above restrictions thus making it a
truly universally usable versatile IOT system.
3. PROPOSED WORK
As per the existing relevant literature, many researchers have utilized Blynk IoT app as third-
party solutions or LCD screens to display the water level percentage and control the water pump.
However, the proposed approach deviates significantly from these methods. It does not rely on
any third-party applications like Blynk, and does not utilize LCD screens. Instead, the authors
have developed its own customized Android application to cater the various functionalities. This
application enables users to conveniently monitor the water level percentage and control the
water pump remotely from anywhere via internet connectivity.

4
The proposed solution offers effortless manual control of the water pump through the dedicated
Android App. Users can easily activate or deactivate the pump with a simple tap on the App's
"On" or "Off" buttons.
To enhance user convenience and automate pump control, the concept of water level thresholds
has been implemented. Accordingly, if the water level drops below 25%, the pump motor turns
on automatically to ensure a steady water supply. Similarly, when the water level exceeds 90%,
the pump automatically shuts off to prevent overflow. These thresholds optimize water levels
and promote efficient usage.
Furthermore, users can schedule automatic pump control by setting specific start and end times
by using a time picker in the Android App. This functionality is implemented using Alarm
Manager features of Android. This feature enables precise control over pump operation, aligning
it with users' preferred timings.
The proposed system also incorporated a mechanism to detect if the tank is not being filled with
water. In such cases, the motor pump is automatically turned off to conserve power, and
immediate notifications are sent to users with the App installed. This improvement ensures
effective water management and enables prompt responses to potential water supply issues.
The authors have implemented these functionalities in the proposed solution as below:
3.1. Register and Login to the Android App
The authors have integrated secure Login and Registration features into the proposed Android
app, ensuring that only authorized individuals can register and access the app's functionalities.
To maintain strict control over user registration, a secret passcode system has been
implementedwhich ensures that only duly authenticated user can register on the app and gain
access to proposed system.This stringent approach prevents any unauthorized individuals from
registering on the app.
The registered users can easily log in to the proposed Android app using their designated email
and password, which they created during the registration process. These features are
implemented using Firebase Authentication. With these robust security measures in place, we
prioritize user privacy and limit access to authorized individuals, ensuring a safe and secure
experience.
3.2. Measuring Water Tank’s Height/Depth in Android App
To accurately calculate the water level percentage and to eliminates the need for users to
manually input the tank's height, the ultrasonic sensor is used to determine the tank's height.
When the tank is empty, users can conveniently tap the "Press" button on the Android app
screen. This action triggers the system to measure the tank's exact height/depth using the
ultrasonic sensor. The obtained data is then displayed on the app and simultaneously updated in
the Firebase database for subsequent calculations. This approach ensures precise calculations
and eliminates the reliance on user-entered tank height, enhancing the overall accuracy and
convenience of the system.

5
3.3. Displaying Water Level Percentage (using a visual representation) on Real
Time Update
The proposed system employs a straightforward method to calculate the water level percentage
by utilizing the tank's height as explained below in section 5. This calculated percentage of water
level is stored in the Firebase Database for easy access and retrieval. It displays the water level
percentage in an appealing visual representation or animation form within the app. This visual
representation not only adds attractiveness to the interface but also provides real-time updates.
As water fills up the tank, the percentage data is promptly updated in the app, allowing users to
see the progress in real-time. This dynamic display ensures an engaging user experience and
keeps users always informed about the current water level.
3.4. Automatically Controlling the Water Pump
A smart feature that automatically controls the water pump based on specific thresholds has been
implemented. When the water level in the tank falls below 25%, the pump turns on
automatically, ensuring that the tank starts filling up. This helps to maintain a continuous water
supply without requiring manual intervention. On the other hand, if the water level in the tank
exceeds 90%, the system automatically turns off the water pump. This prevents any overflowing
of water and conserves resources by effectively managing the tank's capacity. By setting these
thresholds, the proposed system takes care of controlling the water pump, so users don't have to
constantly monitor or manually operate it. This feature ensures that the water level remains
optimal and promotes efficient water usage, providing users with a convenient and hassle-free
experience.
3.5. Manually controlling the Water Pump using Android App
Through the Android app, users can manually control the water pump also. The app incorporates
intuitive buttons, allowing users to easily activate or deactivate the pump as desired. By tapping
the "ON" button, users can activate the water pump, initiating water flow. Similarly, tapping the
"OFF" button instantly turns off the pump, halting water circulation. This straightforward and
user-friendly interface empowers users to have direct control over the water pump, facilitating
efficient management of water supply.

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Figure.1: User flow diagram for the proposed model
3.6. Implemented Schedule Based Pump Control functionality
A schedule-based pump control functionality in implemented in the Android app, allowing users
to conveniently set the start and end times using a time picker. By utilizing the powerful Alarm
Manager feature of Android, our app ensures that the pump will automatically activate precisely
at the specified start time and deactivate at the designated stop time, all according to the user's
preferences. This seamless integration of scheduling capabilities enhances the user experience by
eliminating the need for manual intervention and ensuring reliable and accurate pump control.
3.7. Efficient Power Management and Alert System for Optimal Water Usage:
The proposed system also introduced a mechanism to detect if the tank is not being filled with
water even when the pump is on. In such cases, the motor pump is automatically turned off,
preventing unnecessary power consumption. Furthermore, notifications are sent to all mobile
phones with the Android app installed, promptly notifying users about the issue. This
improvement ensures effective water management and enables quick responses to any potential
water supply problems.
The whole work flow can be understood with the flowchartshown in figure.1
4. METHODOLOGY / IMPLEMENTATION
4.1. Basic UI and screens for Android App
Initially, a user-friendly interface is created for Android app by designing various screens and
activities. These include the Login and Register activities, the Water Level screen, the
Navigation Drawer for easy navigation, and the Contact Developer and Dashboard fragments.
These screens allow users to interact with the app's features effectively, and the underlying
Kotlin logic ensures seamless input and output.

7
4.2. Firebase Integration for Android App
Next, the Android app is seamlessly integrated with the Firebase Database, utilizing Firebase
Authentication for secure user authentication and Firebase Realtime Database for efficient data
storage and retrieval. This integration provides a reliable and secure access system for app
features and keeps user information up-to-date. With Firebase Authentication and the Realtime
Database, our app offers robust user authentication and seamless data management, enhancing
functionality and user experience. This integration also sets a strong foundation for future
development and expansion. The integration of Water Levels Details, User Details and
Authentication Details is shown in Figure 2,3,& 4 respectively.
Figure2: Firebase Realtime Database Screenshot (Water Level Details)
Figure3: Firebase Realtime Database Screenshot (User Details)
Figure4: Firebase Authentication Screenshot

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4.3. Hardware Integration and Circuit Setup
The hardware setup is designed as shown in Figure5 using the hardware components such as the
Node MCU, Ultrasonic Sensor, and Buzzer.
Figure5: Circuit Diagram (Node MCU, Ultrasonic sensor, Relay Module)
4.4. Arduino IDE Configuration and collecting Data from Ultrasonic Sensor
This involved configuring the sensors, writing code to retrieve distance measurements, and
establishing a secure connection with Firebase to store the data. Initially, system focused on
calculating and storing the distance of the top-most water level from the sensor in the Firebase
Realtime Database. The proposed water level indicator system (Physical setup) is shown in Fig.6
Figure6: Proposed water level indicator system
4.5. Water Level Measurement and Conversion Logic
The nest important task was to implement logic that converts the sensor data into accurate water
level measurements in centimetres. A conversion process is developed that represents the water
level as a percentage. This information can be displayed not only on the Android app but also on
the serial monitor of the Arduino IDE and the web server. The water level display at android app
is shown in Figure7.

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Figure 7: Water Level Display at Android App
Then the Water Level in cm and the water level percentage will be calculated as:
 Water Level Calculation: The water level in centi-meters (W) can be calculated as the
difference between the Tank Height (H) and the Sensor Data (D):
W = H – D
 Water Level Percentage
= (Water Level * 100) / Tank Height
This mathematical description demonstrates how this system calculates the water level and
express it as a percentage based on height measurements using an ultrasonic sensor.
4.6. Automated Water Pump Control with Time Picker Integration using Alarm
Manager
We focused on incorporating the necessary functionality and logic into the Arduino code to
control the water pump based on specific water level percentages. Our aim was to automate the
water pump's operation, activating it when the water level falls below 25% and turning it off
when the level exceeds 90%. By implementing this logic, we ensure efficient management of
water levels and promote automated pump operation. Additionally, we included a Time Picker
functionality in the Android app, allowing users to set the desired start and end times for the
water pump. The pump will turn on exactly at the start time and turn off at the end time. This
Android App functionality is shown in Figure8 &Figure9.

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Figure8: Water Level with Set Time (Android App)
Figure 9:Water Level with Time Picker (Android App)
4.7. Automated Water Pump Control with Notification System
Lastly, we aimed to monitor the water level in the tank while the water pump is active. A
mechanism is developed to detect if the tank is not filling up with water. When this occurs, the
motor pump is automatically turned off, preventing unnecessary operation. Furthermore,
notifications are sent to all Android app users, promptly notifying them about the issue. These
improvements ensure efficient water management and enable quick responses to potential water
supply problems. The display of proposed notification in Android App is shown in Figure 10
&Figure11.

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Figure10: Notification 1- Water Tank is getting filled with the water
Figure11: Notification 2- Water Tank is not getting filled with the water
5. PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATONS
5.1. Experimental Setup
The IoT-based Height-Based Water Level Indicator and Pump Control System was implemented
in a real-world residential setting with a standard overhead water tank. An ultrasonic sensor was
installed at the top of the tank, connected to a microcontroller and an IoT module. A custom
Android app was developed to provide real-time monitoring and control of the pump via Wi-Fi.
The hardware setup and its connectivity with android app for practical implementation is shown
in Figure12 &Figure13
Figure12: Hardware Prototype Model
Figure13: Water Level Indication

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Testing was conducted over a period of two weeks with various starting water levels, capturing
the system’s performance in both automatic and manual modes.
5.2. System Training
The system is trained to determine optimal water level thresholds for pump activation and
deactivation, as per below setting:
 Pump ON: When water level drops below 35%.
 Pump OFF: When water level exceeds 85%.
The sensor readings were calibrated to ensure accurate water level percentages, and baseline data
was recorded.
6. RESULT ANALYSIS
The proposed water level indicator IoT system was tested for the following parameters-
 Accuracy: The ultrasonic sensor consistently provided precise water level readings, with
no false activations or deactivations noted.
 Pump Control: The system effectively adhered to the set thresholds, with automatic
pump operation demonstrating high reliability. Overflow prevention was triggered at full
capacity, with the pump turning off accurately.
 App Functionality: The Android app provided real-time notifications and allowed for
remote pump control, including scheduled timer settings for added convenience.
 Environmental Conditions: The sensor performed reliably even with slight fluctuations
in environmental temperature and humidity.
 Latency: Minimal latency was observed between the Android app command and pump
operation, maintaining a user-friendly experience.
The real-time testing confirms the system’s effectiveness in managing overhead water tank
levels autonomously. The accurate water level measurement, combined with reliable pump
control, significantly reduces water wastage due to overflow and ensures an uninterrupted water
supply. The proposed system allows users to monitor and adjust the system remotely making it
more convenient and efficient.
The data observed from the real time testing is tabulated in the Table-1.
The paper resulted in a Water Level Indicator with Motor Control system integrated with an
Android App. It uses a Node MCU board, Ultrasonic Sensor, relay module, and buzzer. The
Android app displays the water level percentage and allows manual pump control. Automatic
mode activates the pump based on predefined thresholds (25% and 90%) and includes a Time
Picker for scheduled pump control. The system detects tank filling issues and sends notifications
to app users.
7. CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the development of this Height Based Water Level Indicator and Pump Control
IoT System with Android App, offers a robust and user-friendly solution for monitoring and
managing water levels in tanks. The integration of advanced features, such as visual animations,
percentage display, manual pump control, automated thresholds, and scheduled operation,
enhances the convenience and efficiency of water management.

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Table1:Real-Time Testing Data
The additional mechanism for detecting if the tank is not being filled and promptly notifying
users through the Android App ensures proactive response to potential water supply issues. This
feature enhances the overall efficiency of the system and promotes responsible water
management.
In summary, the Water Level Indicator with Motor Control system integrated with an Android
App offers a comprehensive and user-centric solution for managing water levels, enhancing
convenience, promoting responsible usage, and ensuring effective water management in both
residential and commercial settings.
8. FUTURE SCOPE
In future, a mechanism to measure the time it takes to fill the tank accurately may be
implemented. Further, by expanding compatibility to iOS devices, we aim to make this solution
accessible to a broader user base, ensuring that more individuals can benefit from the convenient
water level monitoring and motor control functionalities.

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AUTHORS
Dr.Pramod Kumar Goyal is an Associate Professor (Computer Engineering) at
Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University, Delhi, India having an experience of
more than 25 years in teaching & research. He has received his B.E. in computer
Engineering from University of Rajasthan, M.E. in Computer Technology &
Applications from Delhi College of Engineering, University of Delhi, India and
Ph.D. from School of Computer and Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru
University, New Delhi, India. He is the author of several research papers and
reviewer in international journals of reputed publishers like IEE, Springer, IGI
Global etc. His current research interest includes Heterogeneous Wireless
Networks, Mobile Communications, Internet of Things and Game Theory applications in Wireless
Networks.
Moksh Giri is a skilled Mobile App Developer with 2 years of experience in
Android and iOS development. He has contributed to over 5 Android apps, each
with 10k+ downloads, and 2 iOS apps, all live on app stores. He is an MCA graduate
from Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship University. He is an enthusiastic researcher
with two published research papers in the area of IoT. He is passionate about
creating innovative and user-focused applications.
Saurabh Verma is an MCA graduate from Delhi Skill and Entrepreneurship
University with a strong foundation in IoT and a proven track record of academic
and technical excellence. He is a NET-qualified Computer Applications professional
with a strong interest in research and development. His expertise includes Android
development, Python programming, and data analysis. He has actively participated in
various workshops and conferences related to AI and IoT, showcasing his
commitment to continuous learning and professional growth.

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