Hematology Analyzer.pptx

Hematology Analyzer.pptx

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  Hematology Analyzer
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  Objective • At theend of this session, participants will be able to Perform preventive and curative maintenance of Hematology Analyzer following standard safety and maintenance procedures
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  Outline • Types ofBlood cells • Purpose of Hematology Analyzer • Working principle of Hematology Analyzer • Basic parts of Hematology Analyzer • Safe handling of Hematology Analyzer • Preventive and curative maintenance of Hematology Analyzer • Troubleshooting on Hematology Analyzer
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  Hematology Individual Reflection • Whatis Hematology? • Time: 3 min
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  Hematology • Tests evaluate •Infection, • Anemia, • Inflammation, • Hemophilia, • Blood-clotting disorders • Leukemia and • Body’s response to chemotherapy treatments. Hematology: Study of the blood
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  Types of Bloodcells • 3 main types of blood cells: Plasma(55%) Buffy Coat <1% (White Blood Cells and Platelets) Red Blood Cells(45%)
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  Group Discussion • Whatis Hematology Analyzer • Explain the purpose of Hematology Analyzer • Time: 5 min Hematology Analyzer
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  Hematology Analyzer • Computerizedand automated machines that counts number of blood cells.
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  Types of HematologyAnalyzers
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  Working principle ofHematology Analyzer 1. Electrical impedance(Coulter Principle) • Impedance changes as a cell passes through aperture • Cell count and measure of volume
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  Working principle ofHematology Analyzer • Change in impedance is proportional to cell volume • Output comes in the form of electrical pulses • Only for 3 part differential WBCs
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  Working principle ofHematology Analyzer • Final Result WBC 3 diff
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  Working principle ofHematology Analyzer 2. RF/DC Detection Method • Changes in direct-current resistance= cell count and measure of volume • Changes in radio-frequency resistance =density of the blood cell’s internal parts. • WBC 5 diff
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  Working principle ofHematology Analyzer
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  Working principle ofHematology Analyzer 3. Flow Cytometry Method • Forward scattered light= cell size • Side scattered light=cell interior
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  Working principle ofHematology Analyzer • Fluorescent reagents added • Intensity of emitted fluorescence measured • Analysis: • Platelets, • Nucleated RBCs, and • Reticulocytes.
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  Working principle ofHematology Analyzer 4. Photometric technique for Hemoglobin • Voltage signals produced before adding sample and after HGB is added are compared
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  Basic parts ofHematology analyzer Group Discussion • What are the basic parts of Hematology Analyzer? • Time: 5 min
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  Basic parts ofHematology analyzer 1. Optical System • Provides detection, amplification, and processing of the signals from the HGB Flow Cell. Fig: HGB Flowcell
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  Basic parts ofHematology Analyzer 2. Liquid /Fluidic System Preparation of dilueted sample • Counting blood cells and measurement of HGB concentration • Implementing flush, startup and cleaning cycles • Controlling vacuum/pressure FIG:WBC/RBC counting chambers FIG:Fluidic System
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  Basic parts ofHematology Analyzer 3. Electronic Components • Amplify analog signals of WBC/RBC/PLT counts, HGB measurement, aperture voltage and vacuum/pressure signals • Generate control signals to control the valves, HGB Light source and current source. • Monitor the pressure and vacuum in chambers • Control motors of the syringes and pumps FIG:CPU
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  Safe Handling ofHematology Analyzers • Samples, reagents, hematology controls, standards and waste liquid may have danger of contagion. So, wear protection clothes. • Check that the instrument is grounded properly. • Use specified tools or parts to maintain this analyzer.
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  Preventive and CorrectiveMaintenance 1. Preventive Maintenance Automated mechanisms to perform basic preventive maintenance operations • Cleaning, • Priming and • Testing analyzer parts. Semi-Annual Preventive Maintenance • Remove the communication cable and the waste sensor. • Disassemble the tubing for the diluent, lyse, and waste. • Clean the outside of the tubing using Chem-swab Alcohol Wipes. • Open all the covers of the machine and clean the liquid system and the electronic system
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  Troubleshooting Group Discussion • Discussthe activities/steps of troubleshooting Hematology Analyzer? • Time: 10 min
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  Troubleshooting • Problem Identification: •Data collection • Problem classification: • Cause Identification • Trouble clearing: Note: Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions for calibration, regular servicing, troubleshooting and maintenance.
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  2. Corrective Maintenance Hands-onExcercise
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  Summary • Hematology isStudy of the blood • Hematology analyzers count the numbers of of blood cells( WBC, RBC and Platelets) • Measurement techniques are electrical impedance, RF/DC detection method (electric impedance measurement and Radio- Frequency), flow cytometry methods (using a semiconductor laser) and colorimetric techniques. • Basic parts are optical System, liquid/ fluidic system and electronic components. • Main steps of troubleshooting are problem identification, problem classification, trouble clearing.