![Dr Ashok Kr Yadav , Professor Horticulture [Fruit Science]
Guru Kashi University, Bathinda, India
Mail: yadavakdr@gmail.com, Mobile: 7300511143, 8869847446
High Density Planting Systems
in Fruit Crops](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/highdensityplantingsystems-250608120522-a67c590a/85/High-Density-Planting-systems-New-techniques-of-HDP-UHDP-and-Meadow-orcharding-s-1-320.jpg)
High Density Planting systems (New techniques of HDP & UHDP and Meadow orcharding's)
- 1. Dr Ashok Kr Yadav , Professor Horticulture [Fruit Science] Guru Kashi University, Bathinda, India Mail: [email protected], Mobile: 7300511143, 8869847446 High Density Planting Systems in Fruit Crops
- 9. High density planting (HDP) and meadow orcharding are modern techniques to increase fruit production and quality by maximizing the number of plants in a given area. Meadow orcharding is a super-intensive system within HDP, focusing on dwarfed trees and mechanical harvesting. Meadow orcharding is a high-density fruit tree planting system that emphasizes small, easily manageable trees with a modified canopy structure Meadow orcharding, also known as "Streuobstwiesen" in German, is a traditional form of fruit growing that dates back to the Middle Ages in Western Europe
- 43. Central Leader System • Main trunk extends from the soil surface to the total height of the tree • Several side branches grow at different heights in various directions. • Advantages: – Such trees are structurally best suited to bear crop load and to resist the damage from strong winds. • Disadvantages: – Trees under this system grow too tall and are less spreading. – Tree management (spraying, pruning, thinning and harvesting) is difficult. – Shading effect on interior canopy (the lower branches of such trees may be so much in shade that the fruit may not be able to develop proper colour).
- 45. Open Centre System • Main trunk is allowed to grow upto 1.0 m by cutting within a year of planting. • 3-5 lateral branches are allowed to develop from short main stem. • good for mechanical harvesting. • Advantages: – The trees so trained allow maximum sunshine to reach their branches. – Better clouration of fruits on the interior side of the tree. – Trees are more fruitful and low spreading tree greatly facilitate operations like spraying, pruning, thinning and harvesting. • Disadvantages: – Such trees are structurally weak, and their limbs are more likely to break with crop load and strong winds. – This system does not only need severe pruning to start with but also constant effort to maintain its form through drastic pruning treatment.
- 47. Modified Leader System • This system combines the best qualities of the central leader and open centre systems. • A leader develops on the young tree until it reaches the height of 2-3 m and then the growth is restricted. • Laterals are selected to ascent in a spiral fashion up the central trunk and are cut until the proper number and distribution of branches have been obtained. • Advantages: – The branches are well distributed, allowing plenty of sunshine to reach the interior of the tree. – The trees is structurally strong and not prone to limb breakage. – Owing to limited height of trees, spraying, pruning and harvesting may be done easily.
- 49. Espaliers: • Espalier, a French word derived from the Italian spalliera, which means “something to rest the shoulder (spalla) against,” • Similar to kniffin system of training grapes. • The trellis is 5 feet high with either 2 wires at 3 feet and 5 feet OR 4 wires at 2,3,4, and 5 feet.
- 51. Bower System • This system is also called overhead, arbour or pergola. • Owing to vigorous of the vine and pronounced apical dominance in the tropics, this system is found most suitable for many of the commercial grape cultivars. • Though it is very expensive, it was found most appropriate one and associated with highest yield. • Bower system of training provides a desirable microclimate in the vine canopy and reduces the adverse effects of arid and hot weather on vine metabolism and life.
- 53. Tatura Trellis system • One of the highest yielding systems. • System appears to be V shaped. • Trees are planted about 6 x 1 m apart (1668 trees/ha). • Bearing starts in the second year. • Main framework consists of Y shaped leaders which are tied with the wires.
- 56. Examples of narrow-canopy systems with multileader vertical double cordons in (A) peach (Tatura, Victoria, Australia), (B) sweet cherry (Clyde, New Zealand), (C) Japanese plum (Swan Hill, Victoria, Australia), (D) apricot (Clyde, New Zealand), (E) apple (Hawkes Bay, New Zealand), and (F) European pear (Tatura, Victoria, Australia).
- 64. Meadow orcharding in guava refers to a high- density planting system where guava trees are grown at close spacings, typically 1x2 meters, with a high number of plants per hectare (e.g., 5000 plants/ha). This system, also known as high-density planting (HDP)