![International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022
21
4.3. Tabulation Discussion
100+ different variety of files such as audio, image and video of different formats with the
different sizes have been experimented for the analysis and the part of results are given in the
Figure 4.2.1 above. The experiment was done based on the size of the files, 2nd
secret PIN level of
degree, With and without Indexed Array space allocation where ANT algorithm based technique
is implemented.
Based on the second Secret PIN entered, logic gate technique combination of array of bytes
values and the inverted first secret code value happens and written them as series of bytes back
into the image and it is repeated at each stage. At each stage, the indexed array is entered and
monitored and same is used while decryption process for the better performance.
Two different experiment analysis have been shown in the table Figure 4.2.1. First experiment
analysis was without indexed array allocation technique and the result was 80% of the scenario,
time taken for the decryption was faster than the time taken for the encryption. Second
experiment analysis was with indexed array allocation technique and the result was 95% of the
scenario, time taken for the decryption was faster than the time taken for the encryption. This
comparison result shows the effective performance when Indexed Array space allocation
technique along with ANT algorithm logic was very efficient to find the origin of the encrypted
file. Also, we need to remember the factor where while we do the analysis that there are several
other factors that consume time like CPU, Memory, system load, etc.
5. CONCLUSION
This research reveals the effectiveness of unique method of securing the data at source device.
Dual PIN secret code authentication makes the algorithm hard for any hacker to decode any type
of file as combination of PINs could be a quite more numbers and incorrect code corrupt the file.
Indexed Array and ANT algorithm technique helps the decryption process faster than the
encryption. It monitors and captures the stages and follow the markers while reaching back the
origin. The combination of multiple techniques used in this algorithm makes sure the content of
the file is safe and secure thus makes the user stress free.
REFERENCES
[1] Ant algorithm for grid scheduling problem - IPP – BAS, Acad. G. Bonchev, bl.25A, by Stefka
Fidanova & Mariya Durchova
[2] Crypto your Belongings by Two Pin Authentication using Ant Algorithm based Techniqueby Janaki
Raman Palaniappan, Brunswick Corporation, USA - CAIML - Volume 12, Number 12, July 2022.
[3] Wayner, P. : Disappearing Cryptography, Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, 2002
[4] Encryption and Decryption Standard) for data security - Ali Mohammed Ali Argabi, Md Imran Alam
- IARJSET - Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2019
[5] Research on Various Cryptography Techniques - Yahia Alemami, Mohamad Afendee Mohamed,
Saleh Atiewi
[6] Cryptographic Algorithm For Enhancing Data Security: A Theoretical Approach by Tushar , Aniket
Sharma , Ankit Mishra - IJERT - Volume 10, Issue 03, March 2021
[7] Implementing generic security requirements in e-voting using modified stegano-cryptographic
approach - Int. J. Information and Computer Security, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2015 by Olaniyi Olayemi
Mikail, Omidiora Olusayo, E. Okediran, Elijah Olusayo](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/12322ijcis02-221011122303-e942c66f/85/HIGHLY-SECURE-CRYPTOGRAPHY-ALGORITHM-METHOD-TO-SAFEGUARD-AUDIOS-AND-VISUALS-9-320.jpg)
HIGHLY SECURE CRYPTOGRAPHY ALGORITHM METHOD TO SAFEGUARD AUDIOS AND VISUALS
- 1. International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022 DOI:10.5121/ijcis.2022.12302 13 HIGHLY SECURE CRYPTOGRAPHY ALGORITHM METHOD TO SAFEGUARD AUDIOS AND VISUALS Janaki Raman Palaniappan Software Engineer, USA ABSTRACT Internet hacking has become common now a days and is increasing day by day. It is a high time to safeguard our data. There are several cryptographic methods and algorithms that are evolved and already exist. How about additional protection makes us stress free? In this paper, I present a unique design of cryptographic algorithm which is specifically designed for Auditory cryptography and visual cryptography to make the encryption and decryption technique stronger. The purpose is to make it very difficult to decode the file when an unauthorized user accesses the data. This algorithm is a combination of multiple techniques such as Ant Algorithm, Logical Gates Technique, Dual authorization PINs, Indexed Arrays. Combination of these techniques makes the algorithm unique and strong to secure the data. This research was implemented on audio files, images and video files. The study of the result shows effective way of masking the data as it is hard to decode without PINs. Also, performance of the algorithm is efficient during encryption and decryption process. KEYWORDS Auditory Cryptography, Visual Cryptography, Ant Algorithm, Logic Gates, Indexed Arrays 1. INTRODUCTION Cryptography is often referred to as secret writing to maintain the confidentiality. This means the data is transformed into non-readable content, to make it a readable content one need to convert it using the secret keys. Only authorized user will be able to read the data. On a day today basis we share our details in the form of data content, audios, images, videos and so on through various internet medias for various reasons like job search, apply license, book tickets and so on. Organizations reads the data, sell the data from these files to develop a strategy for their business needs and growth. A sample fact, we would have given a phone number in a website for a purpose. Few days later we get a call from anonymous numbers for various promotions. This may be a data leak or data sold. Our major responsibility is to protect the data before sharing them to prevent brute force and other attacks. Efficient way is to encrypt the file in our local device. We must remember to transform messages in a way that are hard to decipher. Hence using the strong and efficient algorithm is always a priority. This paper discusses about a unique algorithm that is a combination of multiple different techniques which results in very efficient as well as difficult to decode the data. Dual Authorization PINs plays an important role between the user and the algorithm, Ant Algorithm helps in encryption and decryption process to be faster as path details are maintained, Logical Gates Technique is used for masking the PINs as an additional security, Indexed Arrays helps monitoring the stages of the encryption and decryption. These techniques combined evolved as a complex algorithm that prevents Bruce force attacks and other internet attacks.
- 2. International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022 14 2. CRYPTOGRAPHY Cryptography term is derived from the Greek word Kryptos which means hidden. Cryptography is the technique to mask the information through use of codes and allows only authorized user to view the content. Cryptography is widely used due to great security. Cryptography is broadly divided into 2 categories, Single Key or Secret Key – In this method, Same single key must be used by both sender and receiver. Sender can use any key of the choice to encrypt the content. Receiver must use the same secret key that was used by sender to decrypt the content. It is also known as Symmetric Key cryptography. Public Key – This method uses a pair of keys to Encrypt and Decrypt the data. A public key is associated with the creator while encryption whereas the private key is associated with the receiver to decrypt the content. It is also known as Asymmetric key cryptography. 2.1. Auditory Cryptography Auditory Cryptography is a terminology used to secure the audio files. The algorithm will be applied to audio files to protect it safely. After encryption the audio file will be inaudible state meaning the file is masked. Authorized used can decrypt the file and it will be converted to audible state. Once the file is audible state then user can hear it. 2.2. Visual Cryptography Visual Cryptography is a technical term that is used when the images and videos are to be encrypted and decrypted. Encryption takes place when the visual files are converted into a non- readable format. An authorized user who has secret pins is only allowed to decrypt the data. As soon as the file is decrypted, the visual appears the same. 3. ANT ALGORITHM ANT Algorithm is based on the ANT behavior when it searches for the food. This procedure helps in optimizing the problem of finding the best path on a weighted graph. Ant lives in colonies. Ants start wander randomly in search of food. Once the ant finds the source of the food, it starts depositing the pheromone markers on the path and goes back to the colony. But it is based on the quantity of pheromone markers the other ants follow which path to choose. Ant that reaches the colony earlier could have dropped more markers on the path. The ants can smell the markers and certainly follow the markers to reach the food. When the quantity of marker is more on the path that means source of the food is short. When multiple times the path is followed has more markers and has higher probability to follow the path next time. This optimizes the path to shorter for the ants to reach the destination. This algorithm technique will be used in the cryptography algorithm for a better performance on decryption. 4. ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH OF ALGORITHM Experiment was done on different classification of files such as Audio files, Image files and Video files. There are many algorithms exist to do the cryptography. I decided to take a different
- 3. International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022 15 unique approach to design an algorithm that is high effective and efficient. Also, the idea is to cipher the file at local device itself. At the starting phase of the algorithm the user must provide the path where the file is located. Algorithm asks user to provide must DUAL PIN (x1, x2) for authentication purpose. First pin is upto 4-digit secret code and the second pin is a single digit secret code. These PINs acts as a secret key to do the cryptographic process. In this algorithm symmetric key method is followed, so these DUAL PIN must be entered correctly by receiver to decrypt the file successfully. DUAL PINs are masked by the algorithm for an additional security. As the PINs details are carried away with the file across the internet to the receiver location, hence attacking is possible. For this reason PINs are masked to a different value internally using logical gates. Masked PINs are used for further processing across the algorithm. Encryption is a combination of multiple techniques such as the use of DUAL PIN, Logical gates, array of bytes, Ant Algorithm and Indexed arrays on how the file has to be encrypted. This combination provides a high protection to the data. If an user wants to view the visual or hear the audio file, decoding DUAL PIN is must. Combination of DUAL PIN makes it difficult for anyone to hack it. Figure 1. Representation of dual pin The algorithm is intelligent enough to understand whether the auditory cryptography or visual cryptography takes place based on the extension of the file. The Input file is initially converted into series of array of bytes and is stored in the file itself. Next the masked first secret PIN of DUAL PIN is combined with series of array of bytes to form a cipher converted new series array of bytes and stored in the file itself. At this stage, the file has non-readable content. Figure 2 . Representation of Indexed Array space Algorithm is designed in such a way based on the second pin value; the distance of the destination is determined. The Ant algorithm technique is used to decide on how long the encryption technique must travel. Second pin value decides the number of stages that it has to pass through the travel before reaching final stage of encryption. At each stage new masked first pin is generated. This masked pin are passed through Indexed Array and is used to capture the values.
- 4. International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022 16 Values are stored in an order the way stage encryption takes place. This Indexed array method helps us in guiding the shortest efficient path as the masked pin is never the same. Based on the number of stages, at each stage the new set of series of array of bytes is generated as it is a combination of new masked pin and the last set of series of array of bytes and will be captured in the file. At each stage the values are written to the same file. At the last stage, it contains a last of series of array of bytes and is stored in the file. Last stage is the destination, and it is where the file is completely encrypted and ready to share. This design makes the DUAL PIN stronger. This acts as a double protection and multiple encryptions technique applied to the file. The user is safe to transfer the file to someone or save in an email, etc. It is encrypted and in non-readable content. Figure 3. Depicts the Encryption If any third party tries to read the content when the file is transferred, it would be in a stage where it is very difficult to decode. Once the file reaches the destination, user can decrypt the file to view the content. As the symmetric key method is followed here, A receiver must provide DUAL PIN to be able to decrypt the content of the file. At the receiver end, the user has to provide the location of the file to the algorithm. Once the algorithm starts the process, it expects the user to input the DUAL PIN. As soon as the user provides the DUAL PIN, algorithm starts the decryption process of the file. Remember, here the image contains series of array of bytes as it was encrypted at final stage of encryption. When the user enters the incorrect PIN of either of a dual pin then the file gets corrupted because it starts to decrypts the file with incorrect PINs. For this reason, it is suggested to have copy of the file if the user do not remember the PIN so that user can retry the decrypt process once again with the proper file. The other option is to cross check with the sender if the PIN is correct as algorithm follows symmetric key method. Ant algorithm plays a major role in decryption process as it helps the algorithm to follow the travel path (markers) of encryption technique that was tracked by Indexed array. Input file has the series of array of bytes which is unknown to the user. If the user tries to open the file, pop up window says unable to open file. First secret pin is again one step reverse masked to travel to the stages. The algorithm combines the series of array of bytes and first secret pin and produces a new set of series of bytes and is stored in the file. Concurrently the secret pin is captured in the new Indexed array and pointed to the encrypted Indexed array to monitor the stages (markers of the ant). Indexed Array is very important as it helps to achieve the short path for an efficient performance of the algorithm.
- 5. International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022 17 At each stage the Indexed array monitors and captures the value of the reverse masked first secret pin. At every stage first secret pin is reversed and is still masked. Also combining the series of arrays of bytes and reverse masked first secret pin takes place where the new set of series of array of bytes generates. This process follows at each stage where a different set of series of array of bytes being generated. Indexed array is being tracked in the reverse way to reach the destination. At the last stage, final set of decryption takes place. Figure 4. Depicts the Decryption As the Indexed array reaches the starting point meaning the last step of the process, algorithm understands that it is last stage of decryption and further travel is not needed. At this phase, the file is completely decrypted. User will be able to view or hear the content of the file based on whether the file is audio, image or video. The flow of the algorithm process has been picturized in the form of flow chart that gives overall picture has been shown below, Figure 5. Flow Chart of the algorithm
- 6. International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022 18 4.1. Sample Results Auditory Cryptography ORIGINAL AUDIO FILE .AAC ENCRYPTION ARRAYS NON-AUDIBLE FILE DECRYPTION ARRAYS ORIGINAL AUDIO FILE .AAC Figure 6. AAC format encrypt/decrypt output Visual Cryptography Image ORIGINAL IMAGE FILE .PNG ENCRYPTION ARRAYS UNREADABLE FILE DECRYPTION ARRAYS ORIGINAL IMAGE FILE .PNG
- 7. International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022 19 Figure 7. PNG format encrypt/decrypt output Video ORIGINAL VIDEO FILE .MP4 ENCRYPTION ARRAYS NON- VIEWABLE FILE DECRYPTION ARRAYS ORIGINAL VIDEO FILE .MP4 Figure 8. MP4 format encrypt/decrypt output
- 8. International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022 20 4.2. Tabulation Comparison Audio/ Image/ Video File Size of the File Degree of 2nd PIN Time taken to Encrypt Time taken to Decrypt without Indexed Array Time taken to Decrypt with Indexed Array Audio2.mp3 2.23 MB Low 2.65 secs 2.66 secs 2.43 secs Audio2.mp3 2.23 MB Medium 5.35 secs 5.23 secs 5.10 secs Audio1.aac 78 KB High 323 ms 461 ms 290 ms Audio1.aac 78 KB Low 4 ms 3 ms 3 ms Audio1.aac 78 KB Medium 111 ms 93 ms 90 ms mahal.jpg 171 KB Medium 532 ms 441 ms 400 ms mahal.jpg 171 KB Low 308 ms 307 ms 291 ms PP.png 74 KB Low 149 ms 123 ms 115 ms PP.png 74 KB Medium 216 ms 202 ms 192 ms PP.png 74 KB High 310 ms 340 ms 345 ms Egg.jpg 4.07 MB Low 5.1 secs 5.0 secs 5.0 secs Egg.jpg 4.07 MB Medium 16.8 secs 15.91 secs 13.83 secs Egg.jpg 4.07 MB High 26.6 secs 26.2 secs 25.1 secs Sand.jpg 6.90 MB Medium 56.12 secs 43.48 secs 43.40 secs Sand.jpg 6.90 MB High 57.26 secs 1 min 1 sec 1 min 10 secs vid.mp4 193 KB Low 342 ms 254 ms 220 ms vid.mp4 193 KB Medium 455 ms 434 ms 401 ms vid.mp4 193 KB High 683 ms 553 ms 490 ms park.mp4 23 MB Low 117 secs 108 secs 90 ms park.mp4 23 MB High 313 secs 248 secs 241 ms hills.png 2.35 MB Medium 8.17 secs 7.85 secs 7 secs hills.png 2.35 MB High 5.78 secs 5.68 secs 4.50 secs Music.ogg 12 KB Medium 2 ms 32 secs 10 ms Music.ogg 12 KB High 3 ms 38 secs 3 ms Dressage.mp4 3.44 MB Low 56.38 secs 44.26 secs 48.10 secs Dressage.mp4 3.44 MB Medium 7.33 secs 7.47 secs 6.01 secs Dressage.mp4 3.44 MB High 14.83 secs 12.12 secs 10.12 secs Pan.png 94 KB Low 219 ms 213 ms 200 ms Pan.png 94 KB Medium 316 ms 302 ms 280 ms Pan.png 94 KB High 401 ms 420 ms 390 secs GC.gif 923 KB Low 1.35 secs 1.23 secs 1.01 secs GC.gif 923 KB High 3.96 secs 3.48 secs 3.29 secs Audio3.M4A 384 KB Low 34 ms 33 ms 33 ms Audio3.M4A 384 KB Medium 95 ms 93 ms 90 ms Audio3.M4A 384 KB High 1.71 secs 1.73 secs 1.59 secs Figure 9. Table Comparison output
- 9. International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022 21 4.3. Tabulation Discussion 100+ different variety of files such as audio, image and video of different formats with the different sizes have been experimented for the analysis and the part of results are given in the Figure 4.2.1 above. The experiment was done based on the size of the files, 2nd secret PIN level of degree, With and without Indexed Array space allocation where ANT algorithm based technique is implemented. Based on the second Secret PIN entered, logic gate technique combination of array of bytes values and the inverted first secret code value happens and written them as series of bytes back into the image and it is repeated at each stage. At each stage, the indexed array is entered and monitored and same is used while decryption process for the better performance. Two different experiment analysis have been shown in the table Figure 4.2.1. First experiment analysis was without indexed array allocation technique and the result was 80% of the scenario, time taken for the decryption was faster than the time taken for the encryption. Second experiment analysis was with indexed array allocation technique and the result was 95% of the scenario, time taken for the decryption was faster than the time taken for the encryption. This comparison result shows the effective performance when Indexed Array space allocation technique along with ANT algorithm logic was very efficient to find the origin of the encrypted file. Also, we need to remember the factor where while we do the analysis that there are several other factors that consume time like CPU, Memory, system load, etc. 5. CONCLUSION This research reveals the effectiveness of unique method of securing the data at source device. Dual PIN secret code authentication makes the algorithm hard for any hacker to decode any type of file as combination of PINs could be a quite more numbers and incorrect code corrupt the file. Indexed Array and ANT algorithm technique helps the decryption process faster than the encryption. It monitors and captures the stages and follow the markers while reaching back the origin. The combination of multiple techniques used in this algorithm makes sure the content of the file is safe and secure thus makes the user stress free. REFERENCES [1] Ant algorithm for grid scheduling problem - IPP – BAS, Acad. G. Bonchev, bl.25A, by Stefka Fidanova & Mariya Durchova [2] Crypto your Belongings by Two Pin Authentication using Ant Algorithm based Techniqueby Janaki Raman Palaniappan, Brunswick Corporation, USA - CAIML - Volume 12, Number 12, July 2022. [3] Wayner, P. : Disappearing Cryptography, Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, 2002 [4] Encryption and Decryption Standard) for data security - Ali Mohammed Ali Argabi, Md Imran Alam - IARJSET - Vol. 6, Issue 10, October 2019 [5] Research on Various Cryptography Techniques - Yahia Alemami, Mohamad Afendee Mohamed, Saleh Atiewi [6] Cryptographic Algorithm For Enhancing Data Security: A Theoretical Approach by Tushar , Aniket Sharma , Ankit Mishra - IJERT - Volume 10, Issue 03, March 2021 [7] Implementing generic security requirements in e-voting using modified stegano-cryptographic approach - Int. J. Information and Computer Security, Vol. 7, No. 1, 2015 by Olaniyi Olayemi Mikail, Omidiora Olusayo, E. Okediran, Elijah Olusayo
- 10. International Journal on Cryptography and Information Security (IJCIS), Vol. 12, No.3, September 2022 22 AUTHOR Janaki Raman Palaniappan is a Software Engineer working in USA. He obtained his B. Tech in 2009 in Information Technology. He is currently a Researcher, Database Administrator and a Cloud Engineer. He has published in reputable Journals and Learned Conferences. His area of research is mainly on Cryptography, Information Security, Image Processing, Databases and Cloud.