History of bangladesh police


HISTORY OF BANGLADESH
POLICE
Mahmud Naser Jhony
Adc(addl.sp,Bangladesh
Police)
Dmp,Dhaka
mnjhon@gmail.com


 POLICE FORCE, OF SOME FORM OR THE OTHER,
HAS ALWAYS BEEN PRESENT IN ALL CIVILISED
SOCIETIES FROM TIMES IMMEMORIAL.
 IN INDIA, ALSO, THE POLICE ORGANISATION IN
VARIOUS FORMS DATES BACK TO VERY ANCIENT
TIMES.
INTRODUCTION


 ‘POLICE’ FROM GREEK ‘POLITEIA’
 OR ITS LATIN EQUIVALENT ‘POLITIA’
 ‘POLITIA’ STANDS FOR THE ‘STATE’ OR ‘ADMINISTRATION’
 ORIGINALLY ‘POLICE’ WAS USED IN A WIDER SENSE TO CONNOTE THE
MANAGEMENT OF INTERNAL ECONOMY & THE ENFORCEMENT OF
GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS IN A PARTICULAR COUNTRY.
 IN THE PRESENT CONTEXT “POLICE” CONNOTES A BODY OF CIVIL SERVANTS
WHOSE PRIMARY DUTIES ARE PRESERVATION OF ORDER, PREVENTION &
DETECTION OF CRIMES & ENFORCEMENT OF LAW.
ORIGIN OF “POLICE”


 POLICING IN ANCIENT TIMES – MAURYA
AND GUPTA DYNASTIES – CRIME
PREVENTION, CRIMINAL INTELLIGENCE;
EVOLUTION OF POLICE


 KAUTILYA:
 CIVILIAN DEPARTMENTS ENTRUSTED
WITH POLICE POWERS;
 A CADRE OF REGULAR POLICE OFFICERS.
MURYA & GUPTA


 THE CADRE OF REGULAR POLICE OFFICERS COMPREHENDED RURAL &
URBAN BRANCHES WHICH FUNCTIONED ON SIMILAR LINES.
 THE HARD-CORE WAS COMPOSED OF A THREE-TIER SYSTEM BY:
 PRADESTA: FOR RURAL AREAS: AT THE TOP
 NAGARAKA: FOR URBAN AREAS: AT THE TOP
 STHANIKAS: FOR RURAL & URBAN: IN THE MIDDLE
 GOPAS (URBAN): AT THE BOTTOM
MURYA & GUPTA


 THANAS & THANEDARS WERE CREATED;
 KOTWALS & FOUZDARS PERFORMED POLICE & MILITARY
FUNCTIONS;
 AREA OF THANA: 20 SQUARE MILES IN RURAL AREA;
 THANEDARS WERE ASSISTED BY ARMED PERSONNEL;
 THANEDARS HAD IMMENSE POWERS
 KOTWAL WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR PEACE-KEEPING IN TOWN AREA
MUGHUL PERIOD


 SHER SHAH APPOINTED FOUZDAR;
 FOUZDAR WAS THE CHIEF MILITARY & POLICE OFFICER OF AN AREA KNOWN AS “SARKAR”;
 SARKAR : SOME PARGANAS
 PARGANA: SOME TALUKS
 TALUK: SOME VILLAGES
 VILLAGE HEADMAN WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR PEACE-KEEPING
 KOTWAL: CHIEF POLICE OFFICER OF A TOWN
 KOTWAL WAS ASSISTED BY NAIBS & PIYADAS;
 KOTWAL COULD GIVE JUDGEMENT & PUNISH CRIMINALS;
 QUAZI OF DISTRICT COULD HEAR APPEALS ON JUDGEMENT
MUGHUL PERIOD


 KOTWAL WAS TO:
 RAISE & MAINTAIN A POLICE FORCE;
 REGULATE NIGHT PATROLLING;
 MAINTAIN SURVEILLANCE OVER VISITORS, SPIES & MIGRANTS;
 ARREST CRIMINAL;
 KEEP THE PRISON;
 ELIMINATE PROSTITUTION & CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOLIC
BEVERAGES
[AIN-I-AKBARI]
MUGHUL PERIOD


• EARLY DAYS OF EAST INDIA COMPANY,
ZAMINDERS EXERCISED POLICE OFFICERS &
ADMINSTERED JUSTICE OVER LOCAL PEOPLE
• THANEDARS WERE CONTROLLED BY LOCAL
ZAMINDERS;
• TOWARDS LATE 18TH
CENTURY THANEDARS WERE
MADE RESPONSIBLE TO COLLECTOR AS
MAGISTRATE
EVOLUTION OF POLICE


 Functions of police – Maintain public
peace, Internal security and crime
control;
 Policing – Responsibility of Zamindars
 Dewani and Fouzdari adalats – Civil and
Criminal Courts established during
company rule –1772;
 Significant Police Reforms under lord
Cornwallis(regulation xxii – 1793); The
terms continued;
EVOLUTION OF POLICE


 Regulation X of 1808:
 Creation of SP for Calcutta, Murshidabad &
Dhaka;
 SP was in charge of Magistracy
 Duties of Darogas & other police officers
were re-arranged
EVOLUTION OF POLICE


 In 1829, abolution of SP office;
 Div Commissioners or Commissioners of
Revenue & Circuit;
 Magisterial Power Transferred to the
Collector
 In 1837, the Position of SP Revived
 In 1854, the post of SP Abolished again
EVOLUTION OF POLICE


 1857 – First war of Independence, Political and
social unrest, Law and order situation and crime;
 The Police act – The basis of powers and
functions of police till today.
 Police Commission of 1860 – The Police Act (act
V) of 1861 and organized police in the country;
EVOLUTION OF POLICE


 THE COMMISSION WAS APPOINTED ON THE 17TH
AUGUST 1860
WITH THREE TOR:
 TO PROPOSE A NEW SYSTEM OF POLICE APPLICABLE TO INDIA
WHEREBY ECONOMY & EFFICIENCY MIGHT BE SECURED;
 TO PREPARE FOR PUBLICATION ALL AVAILABLE INFORMATION
REGARDING THE BEST SYSTEM OF POLICE ORGANISATION;
 TO COLLATE THE MOST COMPLETE & COMPREHENSIVE
STATISTICS OBTAINABLE, REGARDING THE COST &
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE POLICE OF ALL KINDS THROUGHOUT
INDIA.
THE COMMISSION OF 1860


 SP (A EUROPEAN) IN DISTRICT
 ASP (EUROPEAN) IN LARGE DISTRICTS
 SUBORDINATE POLICE OFFICERS
 INSPECTOR
 HEAD CONSTABLE
 SERGEANTS SUBORDINATE HC
 CONSTABLES DIVIDED INTO THREE GRADES OF PAY
 CREATION OF SUBDIVISION
 HC TO BE THE OC OF POLICE STATION
 FREE ACCOMMODATION
 SUITABLE BUT INEXPENSIVE UNIFORM UPTO THE RANK BELOW INSPECTOR
 VILLAGE POLICE
THE COMMISSION OF 1860


 THE FORMULATION OF THE POLICE ACT, 1861;
 REORGANISATION OF POLICE
 ONE POLICE IN EVERY PROVINCE
 POLICE: RESPONSIBILITY OF GOVT.
 INSPECTOR GENERAL, IN CHARGE OF POLICE
 DIG, AIG, SP, ASP & POLICE DISTRICT
 DUTIES, POWERS, RESPONSIBILITIES SPECIFIED
 INPECTOR GENERAL’S MAGISTRACY & RULE MAKING POWER
 FORMULATION OF PRB
POLICE AFTER 1861


 A European service to be recruited entirely in England;
 Aprovincial service to be recruited entirely in India;
 All large provinces to be divided into Police Ranges & DIG as its head;
 Every district HQ to have an Armed Police Reserve under a European
inspector;
 Each province was to have a CID under a DIG who is also in charge of
the Railway Police;
 The responsibility of DM for criminal administration of the district
should preserved but this should be in the nature of general control &
direction, not a constant & detailed intervention;
 Div commissioner should not interfere directly in the details of police
administration & his responsibility should be limited to supervising &
advising DM.
THE COMMISSION OF 1902-03


 Creation of police range
 Reorganisation of CID: 1904
 Establishment of Police Training Centre
 Formation of separate railway police force & DIG, CID as its chief
 Creation of Sub-inspector post as substitute for Darogas, Thanedars &
Kotwals
 Creation of circle with 150 square miles area & SI as its head
 In 1907 imperial police was raised; creation of DSP post in the same year;
 Appointment of European to IP & native to DSP;
 Traffic police in plain dress introduced in 1904
POLICE AFTER 1903


 POLICE MAN’S BIBLE PRB: 1915
 REVISION OF PRB: 1927
 LATEST EDITION : 1943
 INSPECTION MANUAL: 1926
 POLICE TRAINING MANUAL 1936
 IN 1921 IP WAS OPEN FOR INDIAN & EXAM HELD IN ENGLAND
& INDIA
 POLICE OFFICERS (DISSATISFACTION INCITEMENT) ACT, 1922
POLICE AFTER 1903


 AFTER PARTITION IN 1947 THE POLICE IN THE
THEN EAST PAKISTAN WAS FIRST NAMED AS
EAST BENGAL POLICE & IT CONTINUED ITS
FUNCTION AS A PROVINCIAL POLICE FORCE;
 CREATION OF PSP; CENTRAL SERVICE-
CENTRALY RECRUITED
 DSP PROVINCIALLY APPOINTED
POLICE DURING PAKISTAN PERIOD


 FIRST POLICE REVOLT: 13 JULY 1948
 CREATION OF SEPARATE SPECIAL BRANCH
 DEARTH OF PERSONNEL
 LACK OF FACILITIES;
 PROBLEM OF SMUGGLING
 BORDER PROBLEM
 REFUGEE INFLUX
 LOW PAY STRUCTURE
POLICE DURING PAKISTAN PERIOD


 FORMATION OF COMMITTEE: 1949
 JUSTICE M SHAHABUDDIN: PRESIDENT
 N M KHAN- COMMISSIONER, CTG: MEMBER
 ZAKIR HOSSAIN- IG, E. BENGAL POLICE: MEMBER
 H TORAB ALI- DS, FINANCE MINISTRY: MEMBER
 KHAN BAHADUR ANSAR ALI, DS, HOME: MEMBER
 HAZI HABIBUR RAHMAN, PP, BOGRA: MEMBER
 TERMS OF REFERENCE : 6
 RESIGNATION OF GOVERNOR SIR FREDERICK BORNEO: MARCH 1950
 SUBMISSION OF REPORT: 1953
 NO RECOMMENDATIONS WERE IMPLEMENTED
THE FIRST POLICE COMMITTEE


 SECOND POLICE REVOLT: 21 NOVEMBER 1955
 FORMATION OF ANOTHER COMMITTEE : 1955
 HATCH BARNWELL: PRESIDENT
 NO RECOMMENDATION WAS KNOWN TO BE
IMPLEMENTED
 A CIVIL POLICE FORCE (EPR) WAS FORMED
IN 1958
SECOND POLICE COMMITTEE


 FORMATION OF COMMISSION: 1959
 JUSTICE BG CONSTANTINE: CHAIRMAN
 SOME RECOMMENDATIONS WERE TAKEN IN
CONSIDERATION
POLICE COMMISSION 1960-61


 FORMATION OF COMMITTEE: 1969
 CHAIRMAN: MAJOR GENERAL MITHA KHAN
 RESULT NOT KNOWN
POLICE COMMITTEE OF 1969


 Total no of police: 33995 25/3/71
 EPR, PRP & SAF: 23606
 Ordinary reserve: 10389
 IG: Taslim Uddin Ahmed before crackdown
 Mozaffor Ahmed Chowdhury made IG after the
crackdown
 15000 officers were appointed in mid-71
 5000 police officers were transferred to East Pakistan
from the west side
POLICE IN LIBERATION WAR


 Mamun Mahamud, DIG Rajshahi Range: 31 march
1971
 Shah Abdul Majid, SP Rajshahi : 31 March 1971
 S Shamsul Huq, SP Chittagong
 Kabir Uddin Ahmed, SP Comilla
 Fayezur Rahman, SDPO Pirojpur
 1262 Police officers of different ranks were to be
killed
MARTYRED POLICE OFFICER
OF LIBERATION WAR


 Acute dearth/scarcity of manpower;
 Rapid promotion;
 Huge number of recruitment;
 Quality was not prime consideration in recruitment;
 Shortened training;
 Lack of logistic support;
 Deterioration of Law & Order;
Contd….
POLICE 1971-75


 Huge illegal arms;
 Rise of terrorist groups;
 Departmental and judicial punitive measures were introduced for
police officers;
 Police was organized as force rather than a service organization
POLICE 1971-75


 Raising of DMP in February 1976
 Raising of DMP in June 1978
 Induction of retired army officers
 Sp becomes independent of DC/DM
 Raising of Armed Police Battalions in 1976
 Formulation of new disciplinary rules for subordinate Officers: Police
officers (spl. provision) ordinance 1976
 ASP in stead of DSP
 Female police was introduced in DMP in 1978
 Formation of Police Training Committee, 1977
POLICE 1976-83


 Reorganisation of police administration
 Police cadre in stead of enforcement cadre
 Abolution of SD & SDPO:1984
 Inspector becomes Oc:1984
 ASP becomes circle asp:1984
 19 Police districts were re-organised to 64
 Formulation of dress rule of 1985
 Raising of KMP in 1986
 Committee on Reorganisation & Modernisation of Bangladesh
Police, 1986
 The Police Commission of Bangladesh Police, 1988
 Raising of RMP in July 1992
POLICE 1984-2001


 Creation of post of additional DIG
 Removal of retired army officer from
Police:1999
 Participation in UN Mission: 1989
 Barisal Police Range was established in
1994
 Sylhet Police Range was raised in 1995
POLICE 1984-2001


1. Mass compulsory retirement
2. Rapid promotion
3. Change of dress
4. Formulation of Dress Rule 2002
5. Alteration of Monogram
6. Raising of RAT then RAB
7. Formation of Highway Police
8. Sending Formed Police Unit
POLICE 2002-ONWARD


A drafting committee was formed to review the Police Act
1861 on 2007.
The honorable member of drafting committee :-

History of bangladesh police

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