History Of Cognitive Psychology
- 1. History of Cognitive Psychology A presentation by: Ali Hasan
- 2. COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY ● The Study of how people Perceive, learn, remember and think about information. (Sternberg, 2003)
- 3. ASSUMPTIONS ● Individual components of mental processes can be identified and understood. ● Internal mental processes can be described in terms of rules or algorithms in information processing models.
- 4. HISTORY Two approaches have been used to study the mind. 1. Historically, philosophical approaches have rendered an understanding to the workings of the mind using introspection. 2. And biology, has used observational (and empirical) methods to study the mind.
- 5. PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS Rationalism: ● Understanding of mind (or knowledge) through logical analysis and introspection. ● Innateness of mind or mental faculties. ● Theory building in psychology today.
- 6. PHILOSOPHICAL ROOTS Empiricism: ● Observations of the external world are the only means to arrive at truth. ● Acquired experiences through interaction with the environment. ● Experimentation in psychology today.
- 7. Rene Descartes (1596- 1650) ➔ Descartes emphasized reflective methods (rationalism) over observation to study mind. John Locke (1632-1704) ➔ Locke emphasized observation as a method (empiricism) to study mental processes.
- 8. IMMANUEL KANT (1724-1804) ➔ In eighteenth century German philosopher Kant addressed the issue of rationalism and empiricism and said that both approaches must be used to decipher truth and about reality of mind.
- 9. EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS Structuralism ● First psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany (1879). ● To analyze the structure of the mind. Through the method of introspection. ● Elements of mind: sensation, feelings, and images.
- 10. EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS Functionalism ● Mind or consciousness cannot be divided into elements. ● Introspection cannot yield measures about the mind. ● Mind or consciousness have adaptive value
- 11. EARLY CONTRIBUTIONS Behaviorism ● Mind or consciousness cannot be divided into elements. ● Introspection cannot yield measures about the mind. ● Mind or consciousness have adaptive value
- 12. The Cognitive Approach ● Human behaviour can be explained as a set of scientific processes. ● Our behaviour can be explained as a series of responses to external stimuli. ● Behaviour is controlled by our own thought processes, as opposed to genetic factors.
- 13. Applications ● Moral development ● Perception ● Education ● Cognitive behavioral therapy