How to run Linux on RISC-V (FOSS North 2020)
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The document discusses the role of RISC-V architecture in open source hardware and its significance in avoiding proprietary licensing, highlighting its extensibility from microcontrollers to supercomputers. It covers various projects and initiatives related to RISC-V, including the OpenTitan project, the LowRISC organization's efforts for fully open source system-on-chip designs, and advancements in open source FPGA tools. The presentation also addresses the potential future of Linux on RISC-V systems and the growing interest from industries and nations in adopting RISC-V technology.
How to run Linux on RISC-V (FOSS North 2020)
- 1. Linux on RISC-V Drew Fustini [email protected] Twitter: @pdp7 Slides: github.com/pdp7/talks/blob/master/fossn20.pdf with open source hardware and open source FPGA tools FOSS North 2020
- 2. ● Open Source Hardware designer at OSH Park ● PCB manufacturing service in the USA ● [email protected] / Twitter: @oshpark ● Volunteer Member of Board of Directors of BeagleBoard.org Foundation ● small open source Linux boards ● [email protected] ● Volunteer Member of the Board of Directors of the Open Source Hardware Association (OSHWA) ● Open Source Hardware Certification Program: https://certification.oshwa.org/
- 3. Statement of Principles: Hardware whose design is made publicly available so that anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design or hardware based on that design
- 4. Documentation required for electronics: Schematics Board Layout Editable source files for CAD software such as KiCad or EAGLE Bill of Materials (BoM) Not strict requirement, but best practice is for all components available from distributors in low quantity
- 5. 36c3 talk: Linux on Open Source Hardware with Open Source chip design
- 6. Section: RISC-V the instruction set for everything? Slides: https://github.com/pdp7/talks/blob/master/fossn20.pdf
- 7. ● When you write a C or C++ program, it is compiled into instructions for the microprocessor (CPU) to execute. ● How does the compiler know what instructions the CPU understands? – defined by the Instruction Set Architecture – The ISA is a standard, a set of rules that define the tasks the processor can perform. – Examples: x86 (Intel/AMD) and ARM ● Both are proprietary and need commercial licensing
- 8. ● RISC-V: Free and Open RISC Instruction Set Arch – “new instruction set architecture (ISA) that was originally designed to support computer architecture research and education and is now set to become a standard open architecture for industry”
- 9. ● RISC-V: Free and Open RISC Instruction Set Arch ● Instruction Sets Want To Be Free: A Case for RISC-V – David Patterson, UC Berekely – co-creator of the original RISC! – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mD-njD2QKN0 ● RISC-V Summit 2019: State of the Union – Krste Asanovic, UC Berkeley – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdkFi9_Hw-c
- 18. RISC-V and Industry ● Designed to be extensible – Microcontroller to supercomputer ● RISC-V Foundation now controls standard: riscv.org – Over 400 members: companies, universities and more – YouTube channel has hundreds of talks! ● https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5gLmcFuvdGbajs4VL-WU3g ● Companies like Nvidia and Western Digital will ship millions of devices with RISC-V ● Avoid ARM licensing fees ● Freedom to leverage open source implementations ● BOOM, Rocket, PULP, SweRV, and many more
- 21. RISC-V and the world ● RISC-V Foundation moving from US to Switzerland ● Nations such as India have RISC-V initiatives – Desire for sovereign technology and avoid backdoors from other nations ● Strong interest from chipmakers in China – U.S. companies have been banned from doing business with Huawei… who’s next? – ARM deemed UK-origin tech so ok to do business with Huawei, but what will brexit-govt bring?
- 22. ● My column in the Hackspace Magazine is an introduction to RISC-V and how it is enabling open source chip design: – hackspace.raspberrypi.org/issues/27/
- 23. ● OnChip Open-V “completely free (as in freedom) and open source 32-bit microcontroller based on the RISC-V architecture”
- 24. OnChip Open-V
- 25. ● lowRISC is a not-for-profit organisation whose goal is to produce a fully open source System-on-Chip (SoC) in volume – “We will produce a SoC design to populate a low-cost community development board and to act as an ideal starting point for derivative open-source and commercial designs” ● OpenTitan project with Google – Announcing OpenTitan, the First Transparent Silicon Root of Trust
- 26. ● The Future of Operating Systems on RISC-V – Alex Bradbury gives an overview of the status and development of RISC-V as it relates to modern operating systems, highlighting major research strands, controversies, and opportunities to get involved. – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emnN9p4vhzk
- 27. ● Tutorial for the v0.7 lowRISC release ● By Jonathan Kimmitt (lead developer), and Alex Bradbury (lead reviewer) ● https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jrrk2/docs/ariane-v0.7/tutorial/ ● Digilent Nexys A7-100T: $265 ● This tutorial adds further functionality towards the final SoC design: – Graphical Colour Console with X-windows support incorporating mouse and keyboard events. – Choice of SD-Card, Quad-SPI or Ethernet TFTP boot-loader with DHCP support. – Linux 5.3.8 RISCV kernel and updated Debian userland with advanced package tool. – Choice of RV64-GC Rocket (Chisel) or Ariane (SystemVerilog) CPU
- 28. ● FOSSi Foundation – The Free and Open Source Silicon Foundation – “non-profit foundation with the mission to promote and assist free and open digital hardware designs” – Events: ORConf, Latch-up, Week of OSHW – Open Source Silicon Design Ecosystem ● Talk by FOSSi co-founder Julius Baxter
- 29. ● LibreCores – Project of the FOSSi Foundation – “gateway to free and open source digital designs and other components that you can use and re-use in your digital designs” – “advances the idea of OpenCores.org”
- 30. SiFive ● “founded by the creators of the free and open RISC-V architecture as a reaction to the end of conventional transistor scaling and escalating chip design costs”
- 31. ● HiFive1: Arduino-Compatible RISC-V Dev Kit SiFive FE310 microcontroller
- 32. Section: Linux-capable RISC-V chips Slides: https://github.com/pdp7/talks/blob/master/fossn20.pdf
- 33. ● FOSDEM 2018 talk – YouTube: “Igniting the Open Hardware Ecosystem with RISC-V: SiFive's Freedom U500 is the World's First Linux-capable Open Source SoC Platform” – Interview with Palmer Dabbelt of SiFive SiFive: Linux on RISC-V
- 34. ● HiFive Unleashed on Crowd Supply SiFive: Linux on RISC-V
- 35. RISC-V Summit 2019: Linux on RISC V Fedora and Firmware Status Update ● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WC6e3g8uWdk ● Wei Fu – Software Engineer, Red Hat
- 42. ● Linux now runs the low cost Kendryte K210 RISC-V processor – dual core 64-bit RISC-V at 400MHz with 8MB SRAM – Sipeed MAix BiT for RISC-V is only $13! – Damien Le Moal at Linux Plumbers Conf: RISC-V NOMMU and M-mode Linux ● youtube.com/watch?v=ycG592N9EMA&t=10394 ● jump to 2h 53m – Many RISC-V Improvements Ready For Linux 5.5: M- Mode, SECCOMP, Other Features – How to Build & Run Linux on Kendryte K210 RISC-V NOMMU Processor
- 45. ● Sipeed now has prebuilt Linux 5.6 – https://twitter.com/SipeedIO/status/1228594799675990 016/
- 46. ● Microchip PolarFire SoC FPGA – Hard RISC-V with FPGA fabric… like the Xilinx Zync for ARM ● OpenHW Core-V SoC which is similar to NXP iMX with RISC-V instead of ARM! – “OpenHW Group Unveils CORE-V Chassis SoC Pr oject, Building on PULP Project IP” Coming in 2020
- 47. Coming in 2020?
- 48. ● Goal: Sub-$100 Open Source Hardware board that can run Linux on RISC-V ● Possible by FOSS North 2021? ● Interested in working together? – [email protected] / Twitter: @pdp7 – create a mailing list? OSHW RISC-V Linux board for less than $100?
- 49. Section: Open Source FPGA tools Slides: https://github.com/pdp7/talks/blob/master/fossn20.pdf
- 50. ● Keynote at Hackday Supercon 2019 by Dr. Megan Wachs of SiFive ● “RISC-V and FPGAs: Open Source Hardware Hacking” – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vCG5_nxm2G4
- 52. ● Project IceStorm for Lattice iCE40 ● “A Free and Open Source Verilog-to-Bitstream Flow for iC E40 FPGAs” by Claire Wolf (oe1cxw) at 32c3 Open Source toolchains for FPGAs
- 53. ● Project Trellis for Lattice ECP5 – “Project Trellis and nextpnr FOSS FPGA flow for the Lattice ECP5” - David Shah (@fpga_dave) ● youtube.com/watch?v=0se7kNes3EU Open Source toolchains for FPGAs
- 54. ● Project X-Ray & SymbiFlow for Xilinix Series 7 – Timothy ‘mithro’ Ansell: “Xilinx Series 7 FPGAs Now Have a Fully Open Source Toolchain!” (almost) ● youtube.com/watch?v=EHePto95qoE Open Source toolchains for FPGAs
- 55. ● Hackspace Magazine column about how about open source FPGA tools developed by Claire Wolf (oe1cxw), David Shah and others have made FPGAs more accessible than ever before to makers and hackers: – hackspace.raspberrypi.org/issues/26/ Open Source and FPGAs
- 56. Section: Linux on the Hackaday Badge Slides: https://github.com/pdp7/talks/blob/master/fossn20.pdf
- 57. Hackaday 2019 Supercon badge ● RISC-V “soft” core on ECP5 FPGA ● Gigantic FPGA In A Game Boy Form Factor
- 58. “Team Linux on Badge”
- 59. “Team Linux on Badge” ● Blog post: Hackaday Supercon badge boots Linux using SDRAM cartridge – https://blog.oshpark.com/2019/12/20/boot-linux-on-this- hackaday-supercon-badge-with-this-sdram-cartridge/ ● Michael Welling (@QwertyEmedded), Tim Ansell (@mithro), Sean Cross (@xobs), Jacob Creedon (@jacobcreedon) ● First attempt: use the built-in 16MB SRAM… no luck :( – (though xobs now might have a way to do it)
- 60. “Team Linux on Badge” ● Second attempt: – Jacob Creedon designed an a cartridge board that adds 32MB of SDRAM to the Hackaday Supercon badge… before the event!
- 61. “Team Linux on Badge” ● Second attempt: – Jacob Creedon designed an a cartridge board that adds 32MB of SDRAM to the Hackaday Supercon badge… before the event!
- 63. Designing Hardware in Python? ● Yes! ● “Using Python for creating hardware to record FOSS conferences!” ● Tim “mithro” Ansell ● youtube.com/watch?v=MkVX_mh5dOU
- 67. ● LiteX used to build cores, create SoCs and full FPGA designs. ● LiteX is based on Migen ● Migen lets you do FPGA design in Python! ● https://github.com/enjoy-digital/litex
- 69. Linux on LiteX-VexRiscv ● VexRiscv: 32-bit Linux Capable RISC-V CPU ● SoC built using VexRiscv core and LiteX moduels like LiteDRAM, LiteEth, LiteSDCard, ... – github.com/litex-hub/linux-on-litex-vexriscv
- 71. ● upstream support for Hackaday Supercon badge: – https://github.com/litex-hub/litex-boards/pull/31
- 72. ● upstream support for Hackaday Supercon badge: – https://github.com/litex-hub/litex-boards/pull/31
- 73. ● upstream support for Hackaday Supercon badge: – https://github.com/litex-hub/litex-boards/pull/31
- 78. ● Opened GitHub issue: – optimize performance on Hackaday Badge #35 ● https://github.com/litex-hub/litex-boards/issues/35 ● Now 10x faster! – https://asciinema.org/a/Pcm3vd1BEdEKY9srYX6Ms NfCE – Thanks to enjoy-digital
- 83. ● Greg Davill got the screen working with LiteVideo! – twitter.com/GregDavill/status/1231082623633543168
- 84. Open Source boards with ECP5 FPGA (can run Linux) Slides: https://github.com/pdp7/talks/blob/master/fossn20.pdf
- 85. ● Open Source Hardware board with Lattice ECP5 FPGA with open RISC-V “soft” CPU: – David Shah's Trellis board (Ultimate ECP5 Board) – https://github.com/daveshah1/TrellisBoard
- 86. ● Lattice ECP5 FPGA in Adafruit Feather form factor and 128MB DDR RAM: – Orange Crab by Greg Davill ● https://github.com/gregdavill/OrangeCrab ● https://groupgets.com/campaigns/710-orangecrab Open Source ECP5 boards
- 88. ● Radiona.org ULX3S ● https://www.crowdsupply.com/radiona/ulx3s Open Source ECP5 boards
- 89. Want to learn FPGAs? Try Fomu! ● workshop.fomu.im ● crowdsupply.com/sutajio-kosagi/fomu ● Fits in USB port ● RGB LED ● Learn: – MicroPython – Verilog – LiteX