HTML allows images and tables to be inserted into web pages. Images are added using the <IMG> tag which specifies attributes like the image source URL, height, width, and alternative text. Tables organize data into rows and columns and use <TABLE>, <TR>, <TH>, and <TD> tags. Attributes control table properties such as borders, cell padding, alignment, column spans, and row spans. Captions can be added above or below tables using <CAPTION> tags.