Human body systems.pptx
- 1. H U M A N B O D Y S Y S T E M S Heidi Palomo LVN Student
- 2. B O D Y S Y S T E M S • Our bodies are made up of 11 basic organ systems that manage all the essential body functions. • These systems, while interdependent, can become out of tune. When one is not functioning properly, the others will attempt to correct the problem. • All the systems will work together to try to create what is known as homeostasis • The 11 organ systems include the integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, lymphatic system, respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, cardiovascular system, urinary system, and reproductive systems.
- 3. N E U R O L O G I C A L • This system is made up of two distinct parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system. • The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system is made up of all the nerves that lead into and out of the CNS to other parts of the body. • The entire nervous system controls all the other systems of the body, such as digestion and cardiac rhythm, and responds to internal and external changes, such as activating muscles and breathing. It also transmits information to the brain, such as pain and external sensations.
- 4. C A R D I O VA S C U L A R • The heart, made of cardiac muscle, pumps blood and blood vessels such as arteries and veins, transport the blood to every part of our body providing organs and muscles with nourishment. • The blood carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste and more • throughout the body.
- 5. R E S P I R AT O R Y • This system maintains our breathing. It supplies the body with oxygen for cellular respiration by collecting oxygen in the lungs and disposes of carbon dioxide by breathing out the waste product. • It also provides our functions of speech and smell.
- 6. G A S T R O I N T E S T I N A L • Beginning with our mouths, this system is responsible for the breaking down and absorption of nutrients. • The elimination of the waste not utilized by the body. • It is responsible for identifying which minerals, vitamins, and other essentials from the foods we eat can be absorbed and utilized or stored by the body and which are to be disposed of and carrying out those functions.
- 7. G E N I T O U R I N A R Y • This system is responsible for eliminating waste products of metabolism and other materials from the body that are of no use. • The system is also responsible for maintaining the balanced fluid volume in our bodies by regulating the amount of water that is excreted, maintaining the concentrations of electrolytes, and normal pH levels of the blood. • The reproductive system mainly functions to create human life. Ovaries produce female sex hormones and eggs. Eggs are fertilized in the fallopian tube by sperm then travel to the uterus, which provides the site for growth.
- 8. M U S C U L O S K E L E T A L • The skeletal system supports and protects the body’s internal organs. • The ribs protect the abdominal organs, which are both vulnerable to injury and dangerous to our well being when injured. • The skull protects our brain which controls all functions of our bodies and minds. • The skeleton provides the framework and shape to our bodies. It also connects to our major muscles to allow movement. • Bones store minerals such as calcium and create blood cells in the soft bone tissue called marrow
- 9. M U S C U L O S K E L E T A L • Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and power the actions that maintain blood flow through our body • Smooth, or involuntary muscles are found in the heart and organs, they surround the internal organs and are responsible for their movement such as moving food through the digestive tract • Skeletal, or voluntary muscles, are responsible for carrying out the actions and movements caused by messages sent from our brains through our nervous system
- 10. I N T E G U M E N TA R Y • The integumentary system is the largest organ of the body, equaling 15-20% of our total body mass. • It acts as a barrier to physical, chemical, and biological agents. The skin prevents water loss and regulates body temperature. • It transmits the senses of touch, pain, and pleasure and maintains body temperature by secreting sweat. • The hair lubricates the scalp, which secretes pheromones and cools or warms our heads. • The nails protect our fingers, which are a major tool used for protecting ourselves and providing ourselves with food, shelter, and sensations.
- 11. P S Y C H O S O C I A L • The importance of being mentally, emotionally, socially, and spiritually sound was lost on medicine for a long time. • The thinking portion of psychosocial health is known as mental health. • Your beliefs and values in life, as well as how you relate to others and respond to situations in your life, are a reflection of mental health, which overlaps with the other aspect of health we're going to talk about.
- 12. M A S L O W ’ S H I E R A R C H Y O F N E E D S
- 13. I M M U N E S Y S T E M • The immune system consists of a vast network of cells, organs, proteins, and tissues throughout the body. • A fully functional immune system can distinguish healthy tissue from unwanted substances. If it detects an unwanted substance, it will mount an immune response — a complex attack to protect the body from invaders. It also recognizes and removes dead and faulty cells.
- 14. C O M P O N E N T S : • White Blood cells (leukocytes) • Spleen • Bone marrow • Lymphatic system • Thymus • the tonsils, adenoids, and appendix
- 15. LY M P H AT I C S Y S T E M • The lymphatic system forms a network similar to the blood vessels. It carries a substance called lymph instead of blood. • Lymph is a fluid that carries trusted source immune-related cells to areas that need them. • White blood cells are constantly looking for pathogens. When they find one, they begin to multiply and send signals to other cell types to do the same.
- 16. I N N AT E S Y S T E M • There are two subsystems within the immune system, known as the innate (non-specific) immune system and the adaptive (specific) immune system. Both subsystems are closely linked and work together whenever a germ or harmful substance triggers an immune response. • The innate immune system provides a general defense against harmful germs and substances, so it’s also called the non- specific immune system. It mostly fights using immune cells such as natural killer cells and phagocytes (“eating cells”). The main job of the innate immune system is to fight harmful substances and germs that enter the body, for instance through the skin or digestive system.
- 17. A D A P T I V E S Y S T E M • The adaptive (specific) immune system makes antibodies and uses them to specifically fight certain germs that the body has previously come into contact with. This is also known as an “acquired” (learned) or specific immune response. • Because the adaptive immune system is constantly learning and adapting, the body can also fight bacteria or viruses that change over time.